电动力缆绳的横向振动建模研究

针对基于电动力缆绳离轨的卫星系统,通过分析电动力缆绳的受力和运动方式,利用微元法建立了电动力缆绳横向振动的偏微分方程和边界条件,使用有限元法和拉格朗日方程建立了离散化的电动力缆绳横向振动方程,并采用轨道六要素法和四阶Runge-Kutla法进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明电动力缆绳既有大振幅的低频振动也有小振幅的高频振动;电动力缆绳的横向振动随末端球体质量的增加而减弱.趋向于两端固定的情形.     

“天梯”梦，几时圆

继将机械女佣、水动力车和火箭靴等科幻作品中想象的事物研发成现实之后,科研工作者又一次奔向了将科幻小说变成现实的道路。与以往大不同的是,这一次是实现所有科幻小说中最伟大的构想——太空电梯。想想,从太空垂下长长的缆绳,升降舱自天际沿绳滑下,停落你的身边,你不需要攀登,只需抬腿走进升降舱,就像进入电梯,只消一次等待,或一觉醒来,你的飞天梦已成为现实。而据物理学家布莱德利·C·爱德华兹声称,太空升降舱,实现可能只需15年！     

中国航天发展历程与启示 ——2009年空间环境与材料科学论坛大会报告

文章指出我国在应用卫星与卫星应用、载人航天和深空探测三大航天领域取得了巨大成就,为中国的经济、社会发展做出了巨大贡献,也展示了中国的综合实力。经过几十年的发展,中国进入太空能力得到了很大的发展,但在太空利用能力和太空控制能力的建设上还有更大的发展空间。随着我国航天事业的发展,用户对航天器的高可靠、长寿命的要求迫切,作为航天器功能实现的技术基础,环境、材料等基础研究工作应该去适应这种发展需求,加快基础能力的建设与发展。     

一种用于空间系绳卷取的自适应机构

针对空间绳网系统的缆绳收口要求,介绍了一种由双转子电机、双卷筒和自由导绳套筒组成的自适应缆绳卷取机构,给出了机构的设计思路。通过建立其系统动力学方程,据此得到系统各状态变量的稳态解,理论和实验分析缆绳卷取过程的特性,证实此卷取机构的有效性和一定的适应性,为类似空间绳系的卷取机构设计提供参考。     

接触电阻对电动力缆绳离轨特性的影响

使用电动力缆绳系统离轨卫星的关键之一是缆绳系统与空间等离子体之间的相互作用,因此,有必要研究电动力缆绳系统与空间等离子体之间的接触电阻对电动力缆绳离轨特性的影响。首先针对一类电动力缆绳离轨系统分析了回路中的电阻类型,然后利用TSS-1R卫星的电流-电压关系建立了电动力缆绳离轨系统末端球形收集器与空间等离子体之间的接触电阻的计算公式,并在十三阶精确地磁场模型和国际参考电离层1990模型下,利用轨道六要素法分析了该接触电阻对卫星离轨时间、轨道高度和轨道半长轴的影响。分析和仿真结果表明对于所给电动力缆绳离轨系统和参数,接触电阻对电动力缆绳离轨特性的影响是很大的。     

国外太空制造技术研究

介绍了美国宇航局(NASA)对太空制造技术的研究情况,包括连接技术和原位制造技术,找出了适用于太空连接的真空电子束钎焊技术和适合太空成形的自由成形制造(激光F3)技术,并介绍了太空制造设备的要求、集成制造单元和太空集成制造工厂的概念等,最后得出结论,太空制造技术的研究将成为长期载人航天项目中最重要的部分.     

电子技术梯式实践教学体系的探索与实现

阐述了电子技术梯式实践教学体系的新模式,并在实际教学中得以具体实现.实践表明,这对全面培养学生的创新能力、工程意识、独立分析问题和解决问题的能力将起到非常重要的作用.     

“太空经济”着陆广西航天产业或成广西经济发展“新支点”

中国航天加速军民融合 广西发展"太空经济"机遇凸显 航天产业是我国整体发展战略中的重要组成部分.在服务国防建设的同时,中国航天坚持走军民融合式发展道路.近年来,尤其是国际金融危机过后,全球太空经济迅猛发展,成为新的经济增长点,与传统产业陷入停滞甚至负增长形成鲜明对比. 中国航天系统科学与工程研究院经济社会系统工程研究所财务金融研究部主任许屹认为,"太空经济"军转民用后可以改造传统产业,在太空发展过程中产生的大量的设计、生产试验的核心技术和能力,通过技术成果的转化,可以迅速地广泛应用到其他技术领域,获得推广拓展应用,直接带动相关产业大信息技术和产业升级.     

固体火箭在未来航天活动中的作用

目前,美国已把为军用、民用和商用的低成本、高可靠进入太空方案列为重点项目.预计到2000年,对于低地轨道空间运输系统的有效载荷能力要求,可能会达到2268～2722t.固体火箭在满足这一要求方面具有很大的竞争力. 事实上,美国目前的太空入轨级(近地点和远地点发动机)、五分之四的运载火箭助推级和第五代运载火箭新型号,都使用或准备使用固体火箭发动机. 今后的空间站、星球大战计划及太空探索,都需要大推力运载火箭的支持;正在研制     

空间大功率热排放系统设计

根据空间大功率热排放系统的要求,参考美国航天局提出的双翼热管式辐射散热器,提出了在结构上改进的热管式辐射散热器.总体设计为四翼对称式辐射散热器,四翼均为相同独立工作.散热器由主回路管道、泡沫碳换热器、热管和散热板四部分组成,主回路管道选取钠钾合金为工质,换热管选取水为流体工质.系统废热通过钠钾合金冷却回路传递到泡沫碳换热器,泡沫碳换热器再传递给水热管辐射板,通过辐射换热释放到太空.对热管散热器进行了结构设计以及初步热设计,为大功率深空探测器热排放系统提供了最优的设计结构及参数.     

Mechanics of very long tethered systems

A space elevator has been proposed as an alternate method for launching satellites; however, the materials available now are not strong enough to support the stress generated in the structure. On the other hand, with the existing technology, a partial elevator is feasible. In this paper, the mechanics of a very long tethered system that functions as a partial elevator is studied. For such a system, the center of mass, center of gravity, and center of orbit are not coincident; disregarding this distinction can lead to erroneous results. A relation between these three points is presented in this paper. A consistent stress distribution along the tether is obtained by taking into account the distinction between these points. Dynamics of the system consisting of two end bodies, the tether (with mass), and a climber is examined. The equations of motion are derived using the Lagrangian formulation and analyzed numerically.     

The space elevator in the context of current space exploration policy

The space elevator is an advanced space transportation system that someday could replace chemical rockets as humanity's primary means of reaching Earth's orbit. However, before this can occur, a number of enabling technologies will need to be developed, and a variety of economic and policy questions must be addressed. The goal of this paper is to examine the feasibility of the space elevator in the context of current space exploration policy. The paper reviews the space elevator's critical enabling technologies and presents their wide variety of applications. The challenges of funding the space elevator and of building support for the program are discussed. The potential for international cooperation is considered, and the role of the space elevator in the Vision for Space Exploration is examined. The paper argues that each of the space elevator's component technologies ought to be developed independently to meet separate nearer-term objectives. The space elevator should be just one of many applications considered in making decisions to pursue research and development related to each component technology. The enabling technologies, once mature, might eventually be integrated in the construction of a full-scale space elevator from the Earth's surface to geosynchronous orbit and beyond.     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

空间环境用耐低温硅橡胶密封材料研究

文章介绍了国内外对耐低温硅橡胶的研究进展,并结合已在空间环境应用的6710耐低温硅橡胶的各项性能和密封试验验证结果,指出耐低温硅橡胶在卫星结构、飞船驱动机构、空间对接、飞船生保系统等空间领域中得到了广泛应用.随着空间站、深空探测等任务对更低温度密封需求的增加,需开展耐更低温度硅橡胶材料的研制及其在空间环境下的演化规律的...     

Why we need a space elevator

The goals of and vision for development of a space elevator have been discussed repeatedly. However, why we should develop one has been glossed over. This paper will focus upon the major issue—why build a space elevator infrastructure? It considers why we need a space elevator, what missions it would enable and how far it would reduce costs. There is no doubt that some major missions would be enhanced or significantly enabled by a space elevator infrastructure. Global communications, energy, monitoring of the Earth, global/national security, planetary defense, and exploration beyond low-Earth orbit are a few examples. In the end, if we are serious about extending space development and avoiding limitations on the human spirit, the reason we should build a space elevator is because we must!     

航天器材料的空间应用及其保障技术

随着对应用卫星长寿命、高可靠要求的不断增长,对于航天器材料的空间应用可靠性及其保障技术日益受到重视。文章分析了航天器材料空间应用的要求及其空间环境效应试验评价技术,介绍了航天器材料保障技术的进展和发展趋势。在地面严格控制材料空间应用的性能并提供基于空间环境效应的充分数据是保障高品质航天器长寿命高可靠的重要手段。     

Geostationary station keeping control of a space elevator during initial cable deployment

This paper presents a basic concept to derive an orbital control strategy to achieve the full deployment and the geostationary station keeping of a space elevator during its initial cable deployment. The space elevator model is composed of a main spacecraft, a sinker mass and a massive cable connecting them. The cable elasticity, flexibility and taper of the cross-sectional area are omitted for simplification. A reference trajectory is designed so that the space elevator and its center of mass ascend vertically along the geostationary position with keeping the geostationary orbital rate. From the reference trajectory analyses, an orbital control that leads the space elevator orbit to the reference one is derived. However it is found that the reference trajectory is unstable throughout the deployment and a linear feedback control is introduced for stabilization. It is also clarified that the libration destabilizes the orbital control because the orbital acceleration caused by the libration always acts in the opposite direction to the orbital control. Therefore, a libration control is also introduced to stabilize the coupled orbital and librational motions. Numerical simulation result clearly shows that these controls facilitate the full deployment and the geostationary station keeping of the space elevator within the feasible thrust force and amount of propellant.     

天梯动力学与控制研究进展

简要介绍了天梯系统的组成和初始部署形式。在此基础上，针对天梯初始部署和运行中存在的复杂动力学与控制问题，分别从天梯动力学建模、天梯稳定性、天梯绳索振荡、攀爬器运动引起的绳索振荡及振荡抑制、天梯初始部署动力学五个方面分析归纳了天梯动力学与控制的发展状况，最后对天梯动力学与控制的发展方向进行了总结及展望。     

利用等离子体加速器发射超高速 微小空间碎片的研究

文章介绍了国内外微小空间碎片超高速撞击地面模拟实验研究的现状,描述了国内等离子体微小空间碎片加速器的研制进展和初步实验结果,分析了该加速器在空间碎片防护研究工作中的应用。在初步调试阶段,在系统设计满负荷储能6%和35%的条件下,分别将100 ?m和200 ?m的玻璃微粒加速至5.5 km/s和9.3 km/s。利用该加速器可以模拟研究10～1 000 ?m的微小空间碎片对卫星功能材料的撞击损伤特性,可以加速模拟研究卫星关键部件或分系统在大量微小空间碎片撞击下的失效机理和失效模式,为卫星防护微小空间碎片的设计提供技术支持。该加速器还能为国内发展星载空间微小碎片探测仪器的设计和标定提供模拟实验条件。     

热沉用不锈钢管铜翅片自动焊接技术研究

热沉是空间环境模拟设备的重要组成部分,其主要功能是为试验件提供冷黑环境。不锈钢管与铜翅片的管板结构热沉是近几年发展起来的一种新型热沉,该热沉制造的关键工艺—不锈钢管与铜翅片的异质金属焊接。目前采用的焊接方法为手工钨极氩弧焊（不填焊丝）,它在生产效率和产品可靠性方面不适应当前任务需求,急需研制不锈钢管铜翅片自动焊接装置,进一步改进加工工艺方法。文章详细介绍了该自动焊接的工艺装备研制和焊接技术参数的选择。