利用人工神经网络预测电离层f_0F_2月中值

提出了利用人工神经网络技术预测电离层临界频率月中值的方案．在利用人工神经网络技术研究电离层月中值隔月变化规律的基础上,考虑足够的周年和黑子周期变化的数据训练网络,使 ｆ０Ｆ２月中值预测值与实测数据比较平均误差为 ０．３４ＭＨｚ,预测精度有了较大改进．最后采用分形学的基本理论得到电离层 ｆ０Ｆ２月中值的分数维为 ３,选用 ３个输入量,分别预测高、低年 ｆ０Ｆ２月中值,与实测数据比较平均误差为 ０．３ＭＨｚ．     

利用人工神经网络预测电离层f0F2月中值

提出了利用人工神经网络技术预测电离层临界频率月中值的方案。在利用人工神经网络技术研究电离层月中值隔月变化规律的基础上,考虑足够的周年和黑子周期变化的数据训练网络,使ｆ０Ｆ２月中值预测值与实测数据比较平均误差为０．３４ＭＨｚ预测精度有了较大改进,最后采用分形学的基本理论得到电离层ｆ０Ｆ２月中值的分数维为３,选用３个输入量,分别预测高,低年ｆ０Ｆ２月中值,与实测数据比较平均误差为０．３ＭＨｚ。     

雷电梯级先导通道电流模型

雷电梯级先导通道电流模型是雷电运动仿真和雷击研究的基础,在防雷工程、雷电绕击输电线路的理论研究中必不可少.建立了梯级先导的物理模型,该模型由主通道和先导头部区域两部分组成;给出了雷电梯级先导通道电流的数学模型,该模型较精确地描述了雷电向地面发展的梯级性和先导头部电荷聚集特性;采用模拟电荷法和偶极子法求解了雷电梯级先导产生的地面电场,仿真结果表明,远区地面电场的平均峰值、峰峰时间间隔与雷电观测值,以及不同回击电流峰值下的近区地面电场与人工引雷观测结果均具有较好的一致性.     

二维分形海面电磁后向散射系数的分析与计算

根据改进的二维分形海面模型推导了一种在不同极化方式下(HH水平极化,VV垂直极化)新的电磁后向散射系数计算方法,对多个海浪波长区域内所有分辨单元后向散射系数进行平均统计.在时域内研究了海水介电常数、电磁波入射角、入射频率以及风速风向对后向散射系数的影响,运用盒维数方法计算了该散射系数的分形维数.最后通过数值分析方法证明了该散射系数实部与虚部曲线是分形的,并且与二维分形海面的分形维数相等,从而表明该海面的雷达回波信号也具有分形特性,为运用分形理论研究海面微弱目标检测提供了一个重要方法.     

Multifractal Spectrum and Calculation

多重分形理论是进行信号奇异性处理的有用工具 ,由于只有少数集合的多重分形谱可以有解析表达式 ,多重分形谱的计算是其中重要而又较难处理的问题 .简要介绍了多重分形理论的一种形式体系 ,提出了一种采用动态链表来进行多重分形谱计算的方法 ,大幅度地降低了对存储器容量的要求 .用所提出的方法对康托集进行了计算 ,计算结果与理论结果相符 ,表明了算法的有效性 .     

多重分形谱及其计算

多重分形理论是进行信号奇异性处理的有用工具,由于只有少数集合的多重分形谱可以有解析表达式,多重分形谱的计算是其中重要而又较难处理的问题.简要介绍了多重分形理论的一种形式体系,提出了一种采用动态链表来进行多重分形谱计算的方法,大幅度地降低了对存储器容量的要求.用所提出的方法对康托集进行了计算,计算结果与理论结果相符,表明了算法的有效性.     

多重分形及其在地形特征分析中的应用

采用多重分形谱进行地形特征的分析,多重分形谱参数分层次地刻画了空间内部的精细结构,突出了异常局部变化特征,因而能够获得准确的地形特征信息,并从复杂的地形数据中选出具有明显个性特征的区域,可与分形维数结合进行地形地貌的区域分类和路径选取.实验结果表明,多重分形的奇异谱函数比简单的分形维数能提供更多的信息,克服了分形维数相同情况下区域无法区分的困难,地形的提取特征结果更为符合实际情况,可被有效地用于导航和航迹规划过程中.      

基于多重分形参数的高光谱数据特征提取

针对单一分形维数不能表征高光谱数据光谱局部吸收特征的问题,提出了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法.基于光谱信息度量进行光谱概率测度的计算,基于配分函数法估计得到尺度函数;通过对尺度函数求导计算出Holder指数,并对尺度函数勒让德Legendre变换计算出多重分形谱;从多重分形谱和Holder指数之间的函数关系提取表征多重分形谱形态的4个多重分形谱参数作为光谱特征参数;并应用于基于最小距离准则的航空推扫式高光谱成像仪(PHI,Prush-broom Hyperspectral Imager)图像监督分类.结果证明:利用基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的光谱特征参数进行分类得到的总体分类正确率达94.789%,分类精度明显高于利用信息量维数和多重分形谱特征提取方法进行分类的结果,证明了基于光谱概率测度的多重分形参数特征提取方法提取的多重分形参数的有效性和可靠性.     

基于自相关函数的自然纹理图像分形维数的估计

提出了一种估计分形维数的新方法,并利用该方法估计自然纹理图像的分形维数.分形维数是描述图像粗糙程度的主要参数.将分数布朗运动推广到离散情况,研究离散高斯噪声的自相关函数的性质.根据自相关函数的性质,获得估计分形维数的自相关函数方法.合成分形图像和自然纹理图像被用来检验该方法的准确性,并与计盒方法进行了比较,结果显示自相关法是准确的和有效的.      

光纤陀螺分形噪声的预白化滤波方法

光纤陀螺分形噪声往往具有长相关特性,导致陀螺输出信号慢漂移.为了滤除这类分形噪声,提出了一种分数阶预白化差分方法,通过该方法可以将分形噪声转化为高斯白噪声;利用小波变换,在小波变换域中采用Bayes软阈值去噪方法去除该白化噪声,从而形成了一种光纤陀螺分形噪声的预白化滤波方法.对VG949p型光纤陀螺实测数据处理结果表明,该方法能够有效地去除其中的分形噪声,抑制了陀螺低频漂移,同时也滤掉了其高频噪声项.      

基于MF-DFA的极低频瞬态事件多重分形分析

利用三个测站实测极低频全球闪电活动背景信号南北及东西方向磁场分量资料, 应用多重分形方法对极低频瞬态事件发生时前1s背景信号中的长程关联性及多重分形特征进行了分析. 发现极低频瞬态事件发生时, 最大脉冲前1s背景信号南北及东西方向磁场均具有长程关联性和多重分形特征. 其中南北方向最小标度指数0.15 < a_min< 0.22, 分形谱宽度1.09 < Δa < 1.51; 东西方向最小标度指数0.23 < a_min< 0.59, 分形谱宽度0.75 < Δa < 0.99. 多重分形谱参数Δa和a_min可以很好地自动识别Q-burst发生.      

Partially transmitted lightning signals recorded by pioneer Venus orbiter

Impulsive electric fields appearing on all four frequency channels of the Pioneer Venus electric field detector in the night ionosphere of Venus are characteristic of lightning generated signals. Based on our knowledge of the electron density and magnetic field in the Venus ionosphere, we suggest that lightning waves could be partially transmitted upwards into the ionosphere. The leakage of these lightning waves into the ionosphere on encountering electron density holes may be treated as reradiation into the ionosphere from the hole. Since this radiation pattern is frequency dependent, we should not expect to see all frequency components for every lightning stroke observed.     

Lightning on Venus

On the night side of Venus, the plasma wave instrument on the Pioneer-Venus Orbiter frequently detects strong and impulsive low-frequency noise bursts when the local magnetic field is strong and steady and when the field is oriented to point down to the ionosphere. The signals have characteristics of lightning whistlers and we have tried to identify the sources by tracing rays along the B-field from the Orbiter down toward the surface. An extensive data set strongly indicates a clustering of lightning sources near the Beta and Phoebe Regios, with additional significant clustering near the Atla Regio at the eastern edge of Aphrodite Terra. These results suggest that there are localized lightning sources at or near the planetary surface.     

Production of nitrogen oxides by lightning and coronae discharges in simulated early Earth, Venus and Mars environments.

We present measurements for the production of nitrogen oxides (NO and N2O) in CO2-N2 mixtures that simulate different stages of the evolution of the atmospheres of the Earth, Venus and Mars. The nitrogen fixation rates by two different types of electrical discharges, namely lightning and coronae, were studied over a wide range in CO2 and N2 mixing ratios. Nitric oxide (NO) is formed with a maximum energy yield estimated to be ~1.3 x 10(16) molecule J-1 at 80% CO2 and ~1.3 x 10(14) molecule J-1 at 50% CO2 for lightning and coronae discharges, respectively. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is only formed by coronae discharge with a maximum energy yield estimated to be ~1.2 x 10(13) molecule J-1 at 50% CO2. The pronounced difference in NO production in lightning and coronae discharges and the lack of formation of N2O in lightning indicate that the physics and chemistry involved in nitrogen fixation differs substantially in these two forms of electric energy.     

Fractal signatures for multiscale processing of hyperspectral image data

A multiscale approach to hyperspectral image data analysis using fractal signatures was proposed and implemented in the Interactive Data Language (IDL). For 2-D hyperspectral curves, fractal signature measures the changes in curve length with changing scale. Using NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion image from a study area near Denton, Texas, USA, the capabilities of fractal signatures in discriminating different land cover types were presented in three different ways: (1) fractal signature curves, (2) distances between fractal signatures, and (3) fractal signature images. The asymmetry in length measurement was found to be effective in handling hyperspectral curves obtained from Hyperion radiance data. The contribution of fractal signature images was shown through comparison of image classification results. The results from the Hyperion radiance data suggest that fractal signatures at certain scales can reveal important differences in land cover types.     

Consequences of the application of the streamer fluid model to the study of the sprite inception mechanism

We present the results of a streamer-fluid model used to investigate the electrodynamical coupling between the troposphere and upper atmosphere due to the penetration of lightning electric fields into the mesosphere and the lower ionosphere, generating sprites. The model solves the continuity equation for electrons and ions coupled to Poisson equation. The dominant physical response of the atmosphere is the formation of a screening-ionization wave. The wave shields the atmosphere above it from the action of the lightning field and, together with the conductivity reduction below it due to attachment, the wave amplifies the total field below it, allowing for the penetration of intense electric fields in the mesosphere as it propagates downwards into regions of higher density that compress the wave. This is the key physical mechanism for sprite inception. We evaluated the effects of the thundercloud charge geometry, lightning current waveshape, atmospheric conductivity, via different electron density profiles, and the effect of ionization, attachment and electron mobility coefficients in the electrical breakdown process, related to halo production, and sprite streamer initiation. The results showed that electrons with higher mobility are more efficient in shielding the lightning electric field before breakdown, causing delay, and they contribute to the formation of the streamer seed after breakdown, anticipating the sprite streamer inception. Similarly, a higher effective ionization rate, produced by modifications in the attachment and ionization coefficients, anticipates sprite inception. The simulations with 6 different electron density profiles, and therefore conductivities, spanning 4 orders of magnitude, showed that the altitude of breakdown and sprite initiation, as well as their time delays from the lightning discharge are directly related to atmospheric conductivity: higher conductivities produce halo and sprite inception at lower altitudes with longer delays and may hinder sprite formation. We document that variations of 30 times in the lightning current leads to sprite initiation altitudes in the range 66.0–73.5 km, with delays between 1.550 and 34.500 ms, while variations of 4 orders of magnitude in the conductivity profile lead to initiation altitudes 61.0–70.6 km, with delays in the range 3.825–9.825 ms. Consequently, we suggest that lightning characteristics dominate over atmospheric parameters in determining sprites’ initiation altitude and delay. The simulation of a −CG, with a constant current of 30 kA, did not produce a sprite seed, confirming an asymmetry in the response of the atmosphere to positive and negative lightning. This is due to the free electron drift direction that is away from the screening ionization wave, preventing the formation of the streamer seed for the great majority of −CGs. The same does not apply to halos, which depend on the occurrence of breakdown and can be produced by discharges of both polarities.     

分形图象学的发展

简述分形几何基本概念及其在图象领域中的应用，包括随机分形模型、混沌动态系统中的分形及迭代函数系统分形模型及其典型应用。