多层喷射沉积制备大尺寸耐热铝合金管坯的研究

采用多层喷射沉积工艺制备出了尺寸为Ф630 mm×250 mm×800 mm且质量较好的FVS0812耐热铝合金管坯,通过挤压获得了性能优良的大直径管材,并对管坯和挤压后管材的力学性能和微观结构进行了检测和分析.分析结果表明,多层喷射沉积制坯过程中,熔滴在沉积面的冷却速度约3.2×104 K@s-1～106K@s-1,熔滴凝固后在沉积坯中形成微细晶粒结构(200 nm～500 nm)和弥散分布的纳米析出相Al12(Fe,V)3Si(20nm～60 nm),使得沉积坯挤压致密后具有优异的性能.     

B/Al复合管的研制

介绍了蒸气热等静压法制备B/Al复合管材的工艺过程,讨论了用该方法制备B/Al复合管材的影响因素,如装配工艺、复合工艺等。本试验在温度（490±10）℃、压力70MPa、保压时间为40min～45min的工艺条件下制得了Φ34mm×1mm×1020mm、Φ40mm×1mm×1020mm、Φ60mm×1mm×1200mm三种规格的带接头的B/Al复合管,并对管的物理性能、力学性能进行了测试,结果表明该工艺方案切实可行,在上述参数下可以制得高质量的B/Al复合管。     

无损检测用钴-60γ源

无损检测用钴- 6 0γ源采用厚度为0 .4mm的镀镍金属钴片或Φ1mm×1mm的镀镍金属钴片作为靶材料,经高通量反应堆的热中子辐照后,按59Co(n·r) 60 Co核反应生成高比活度钴- 6 0 ,然后将其定量分装在双层不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)包壳内,内外包壳均氩弧焊密封,即制成无损检测用钴- 6 0γ源。经浸泡法和γ计数法检验源的泄漏和表面污染,完全符合GB4 0 76规定。钴- 6 0源结构合理,工艺成熟,质量可靠,使用安全,其主要技术指标达到国际同类产品水平;发射出的γ能量高(1.17MeV和1.33MeV) ,穿透能力大,主要用于厚度为5 0mm～2 0 0mm ,钢铁工件的无损检…     

钼-铌合金原料品质对单晶制备的影响

主要讨论了钼-铌合金原料品质,包括烧结条的制备、原料的化学成分、原料棒的尺寸规格等对单晶制备的影响。结果表明:高温真空烧结钼-铌合金烧结条由于C、O等杂质含量过高,在20 kW电子束悬浮区域熔炼炉上区域熔炼时未能直接生长制备出单晶,但其经过两次电子束熔炼获得的Ф(12~17)mm原料棒C元素质量分数降为6.3×10-3%、O元素质量分数降低了近2个数量级,仅为1.4×10-3%,能稳定地生长制备出Ф31 mm×735 mm的大尺寸钼-铌合金单晶,而直径超过Ф18 mm或小于Ф11 mm原料棒在区域熔炼时未能获得钼-铌合金单晶。     

最小微型泵

据西德Fraunhofer应用技术开发公司介绍,世界上带有最小泵的硅芯片比指甲还小,实际的微型泵仅仅是由两片矩形硅栅组成,用一绝缘隔层粘接在一起。若供给40V至700V的电压,在液体中产生的离子在电极之间加速运动,由此产生内摩擦力,从而带走液体分子。这种微型泵简单而且无磨损之处,结构中无可动部件,尺寸为5mm×5mm×0.7mm。据说最小微型泵的流速,是比其体积大得多的微型泵的1000倍。     

飞机铆接构件PRFECT探头的线圈夹角影响

远场涡流检测技术不受集肤效应影响,对金属铆接构件隐藏缺陷检测具有巨大优势。针对飞机金属铆接构件的远场涡流检测,建立了铆接构件隐藏缺陷检测三维模型,分析不同屏蔽阻尼材料及组合方式的屏蔽性能,采用激励线圈与检测线圈均环绕铆钉旋转的检测方法,对比激励线圈-铆钉-检测线圈夹角为90°、135°和180°时缺陷检测灵敏度,研究不同缺陷尺寸检测信号特征。仿真与试验结果表明：当屏蔽阻尼为铝+铜时具有最佳屏蔽性能,且远场区距离激励线圈中心最近;当激励线圈和检测线圈间距为30 mm时,激励线圈-铆钉-检测线圈夹角为180°时检测效果最佳;优化后的探头可检测埋深为6 mm、长×宽×深尺寸为5 mm×0.2 mm×1 mm的铆接构件隐藏缺陷,缺陷信号幅值与其体积当量关系相对应,且随缺陷长度及深度的增加呈上升趋势。     

GFRP与铝合金叠层低损伤压铆工艺参数研究

为解决玻璃钢(GFRP)与铝合金叠层压铆过程中对GFRP层的损伤问题,对典型GFRP/铝合金叠层开展了2A10材料Φ4 mm铆钉在不同大小预制孔和压铆力下GFRP材料损伤情况的有限元分析,得到了实现低损伤压铆的预制孔大小及压铆力范围;根据仿真结果开展了叠层压铆试验研究并对试片进行了无损检测、剪切强度分析。结果表明:GFRP/铝合金叠层在压铆过程中选用(18. 5±0. 2)kN压铆力、Φ4. 2 mm预制孔可实现GFRP与铝合金叠层的低损伤压铆。     

一种天线指向机构的支架四孔同轴精密加工技术

天线指向机构是实现天线高精度指向和跟踪的重要零件,其功能是为天线本体提供固定支撑、旋转精确指向、快速跟踪定位等。天线指向机构支架采用硬铝合金材料,整体外形尺寸为210mm×112mm×125mm,结构为薄壁支架零件,装配后四孔形位公差要求极高。在实际加工中采用三轴机床,通过局部余量控制技术来调节零件的变形,合理选择刀具及创新装卡方法和铣削方法实现薄壁支架零件高精度四孔同轴和高平面度的组合件高质量、高效率、低成本的数控加工。     

具有高固结强度的钢纤维

美国研究出一种工艺方法,可以制得长度只有1/8英寸(3mm)的钢纤维。这些纤维很细,一磅就有250,000根以上。这些被称为超细纤维的公称尺寸为0.007英寸×0.015英寸×0.125英寸(0.2mm×0.4mm×3mm)。它是用含有不超过0.12％碳和0.6％锰的     

F-22的液晶下视显示器和机载录像系统

F-22战斗机工程、制造和研制(EMD)型座舱配置方式是前仪表板上装有6个液晶显示器。驾驶员前方设有一个205mm×205mm的主显示器。它的左、右、下各设一个150mm×150mm显示器。此外,这些多功能显示器的上面还装有两个称为“前上方显示器”的75mm×100mm显示器。洛克希德·桑德斯公司和凯塞公司正在研制这些下视式液晶显示器。 每个液晶显示器中的由桑德斯公司研制的控制图形处理机使显示器同     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.