不断发展的毫米波对抗技术

介绍了毫米波（MMW）技术在电子对抗中的应用，指出了毫米波技术的优势，分析了毫米波技术固有的抗干扰特点，叙述毫米波技术在应用中存在的问题和今后需采取的措施以及发展方向。     

室内定位关键技术综述

近年来,位置服务需求不断增长,催生了定位技术的不断发展。针对室内定位,首先介绍了目前广泛应用的几种室内定位系统及其定位原理,并分析了它们的优缺点。然后,针对室内定位中常见的几类关键问题,做出了介绍分析。最后,通过分析现有定位技术,给出了室内定位技术的发展趋势,表明融合定位及导航通信一体化定位是提高定位精度及鲁棒性的有效方法,毫米波及MIMO技术的应用可有效提高测距精度并提高抗多径能力。     

MMW scanning antenna

Cost reduction is one of the most important considerations in millimeter-wave (MMW) radar development. Hardware, especially the phase-shifters, for electronic beam scanning in the MMW band presents very complex fabrication challenges that dramatically raise the device cost. A typical mechanically-scanning antenna contains one or more hinged parts (lenses, mirrors or feeds). In operation they experience strong mechanical accelerations and other forces that sharply limit the scanning speed. We propose a solution to this problem, using a leaky-wave periodically loaded antenna design and a new architecture. This paper presents the basic design, and discusses related issues     

Night vision devices for ground environment

The PM N-V/RSTA is procuring the Driver's Vision Enhancer (DVE) thermal imaging system for use in combat and tactical wheeled vehicles. The DVE uses uncooled forward looking infrared technology compared to the I² technology currently in the field. During the development of the DVE several issues were raised regarding how specific aspects of system design were related to driver performance. As a result, DCS Corporation developed a data collection effort to provide the DVE project leader with needed performance data that could act as a foundation for making program decisions     

Aircraft ice accretion measurement: a Phase I, SBIR study usingmillimeter wave radar (MMWR)

Discusses Phase I bids to study the feasibility of using MMW radar techniques to measure the amount of ice accumulated on aircraft wings and rotors. It appeared to the authors that this sensor technology might have the potential to solve some of the problems of sensors that are currently available. A proposal and program strategy was adopted capitalizing on the prior research in the area wherever it could be found from unclassified sources     

Effectiveness of MMW aerosols in defeating a battlefieldsurveillance radar: field demonstration preliminary results

The US Army ERDEC is developing advanced aerosol systems to combat threat surveillance, fire control, and seeker systems operating in the visible, infrared, and millimeter wave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One such system is the M56 multispectral smoke generator, which presently operates in the visible and infrared portions of the spectrum; a millimeter wave (MMW) Module is in development to extend the M56 spectral range. This paper documents preliminary results of a field demonstration test of the M56 MMW Module. An MMW instrumentation radar was modified to simulate the scan pattern and radar parameters of a tactical battlefield surveillance radar system. A test grid was populated with both stationary and moving tactical targets, and the radar scanned the grid to simulate a surveillance radar in operation. Once a realistic tactical engagement scenario was developed, MMW aerosols were deployed to demonstrate the impact such aerosols could have on radar detection and classification performance     

一种弹载毫米波全极化单脉冲环焦反射面天线的设计

提出了一种弹载毫米波全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案,设计了其结构参数,并对其电性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,提出的全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案电性能参数合理,适用于在弹载环境下应用。     

毫米波制导导弹系统误差及捕获概率研究

分析了毫米波制导导弹系统误差源及其分布特性,该误差直接决定所需导引头动态视场的大小;对导引头动态视场的影响因素进行了分析,并计算了导引头在不同条件下的动态视场,基于此计算了导引头捕获概率。研究结果可以直接应用于毫米波制导导弹的工程研制,并且可以对同类的自寻的导弹工程研制起借鉴作用。     

临近空间飞行器推进系统预冷器关键技术

临近空间由于其在现代战争中的重要战略意义已成为各国航空航天领域的研究重点,高超声速飞行器更是国家临近空间军事实力的一个重要标志。由于吸气式高超声速飞行器具有较高的飞行高度与马赫数,预冷技术已成为高超声速飞行器推进系统中的一项关键技术,而高性能预冷器设计是预冷技术的一个重要研究方向,预冷器的可靠性与流动传热特性是预冷系统的重要影响参数,对于紧凑、高效、高可靠性先进预冷器的研究具有十分重要的意义。基于目前公开的临近空间高超声速飞行器的主要动力形式及其对预冷技术的刚性需求,对预冷器设计中的关键技术与发展方向做了详细的阐述。     

垂直起降飞行器的发展动态和趋势分析

垂直起降飞行器因对起降地点要求低而得到了广泛的应用。按照动力方式对垂直起降飞行器进行分类,剖析了不同类型的飞行器,归纳了相关的关键技术问题,并重点介绍了近年来垂直起降飞行器的发展动态,尤其强调了一些创新设计的思路。然后,展望了垂直起降飞行器的发展趋势,以期为垂直起降飞行器设计人员面对不同的任务要求和特点提供一定的参考价值。     

高超声速飞行器机体/推进一体化设计的启示

机体/推进一体化设计是吸气式高超声速飞行器的关键技术。飞行器的前体和后体既是主要的气动型面,又是发动机进气道的外压缩型面和尾喷管的膨胀型面,一体化设计直接影响飞行器的气动与发动机性能。本文阐述了吸气式高超声速飞行器的主要特点,梳理了飞行器的推阻匹配、升阻比特性、操稳匹配等主要气动设计问题。通过对国外典型高超声速飞行器机体/推进一体化设计技术的综合分析,总结了前体/进气道、后体/尾喷管、边界层强制转捩装置等关键部件的气动设计方法,获得了有意义的启示,可为后续吸气式高超声速技术研究提供重要参考。     

Conceptual design of near-space synthetic aperture radar for high-resolution and wide-swath imaging

Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has the capability of high-resolution, and spaceborne SAR has the capability of wide-swath. Inspired by recent advances in near-space defined as the region between 20 km and 100 km, this paper conceptually designed near-space vehicle-borne SAR. The near-space vehicle-borne SAR has the synthetical advantages of the satellite and airplane platforms. By placing SAR transmitter or receiver in near-space vehicles, many functions that are currently performed with satellites or airplanes could be performed in low cost way. These advantages make simultaneous high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging possible. As such, this paper focuses on the role of near-space vehicle for high-resolution and wide-swath SAR imaging, and deals with conceptual performance, as opposed to technological implementation. The concepts, models and processing algorithms are provided. To further suppress the azimuth ambiguities and extend swath width, multiple beams in azimuth is applied. Furthermore, an example near-space vehicle-borne SAR is designed. It is shown that the use of cost effective near-space vehicles can provide the solutions that were previously thought to be out of reach for remote sensing scientists and customers.     

SPRI: simulator of polarimetric radar images

Simulator of polarimetric radar images (SPRI) consists of a suite of image processing programs for producing realistic millimeter-wave (MMW) radar images artificially on a workstation. The heart of the simulation approach is a polarimetric Rayleigh clutter simulator coupled to a clutter database. The simulator produces high resolution single-look polarimetric images. Hard targets can then be embedded into this clutter map, and the resultant image can be degraded in resolution, number of looks, polarization, etc. to match that which would be observed by a real sensor. Examples of simulated images, and comparisons of these simulations to actual images, are presented. The MMW Clutter Database is the most comprehensive to-date database of over 3500 Mueller matrices for many kinds of terrestrial clutter measured at 35 and 95 GHz, many of which are at incidence angles close to grazing. The database can be accessed via a World Wide Web flexible interface that enables data to be combined in new and unique ways specified by the user, and displayed in either tabular or graphical format. The structure and access procedure to the database are described     

CFD和MDO技术在乘波飞行器设计中的应用综述

乘波飞行器由于其具有高升阻比特性而成为国内外高超声速飞行器研究的热点。介绍了乘波飞行器的研究进展,在此基础上阐述了乘波飞行器设计对先进设计技术的需求。重点讨论了计算流体力学（CFD）技术和多学科设计优化（MDO）理论与方法在乘波飞行器设计中的应用现状。提出了今后应重点对高超声速飞行条件下乘波飞行器的动态气动特性进行全面的数值模拟研究．大力开展包含可靠性和经济性分析的乘波飞行器多目标多学科设计优化研究。随着MDO方法在乘波飞行器设计中的深入应用,CFD必将发挥更大的作用,共同促进乘波飞行器的快速发展。     

A track filter for reentry objects with uncertain drag

A filter was developed for maintaining track on ballistic missiles whose drag profiles are unknown or deviate significantly from prior predictions. The filter employs an innovative form of a seven-state Kalman filter in which object drag is included as a state to be estimated. Using measurements of range, azimuth, and elevation, the filter can track endo- and exo-atmospheric targets on a wide variety of trajectories without requiring a priori tuning to account for variations in reentry angle, drag history, measurement signal-to-noise ratio, etc. The filter was designed to be implemented at the millimeter wave (MMW) radar (a high-range-resolution, narrow beamwidth, Ka-band radar) located at Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) in the Marshall Islands. Extensive testing and comparisons using a high fidelity simulation showed the new filter to be robust to a wide variety of trajectories and substantially better than track filters presently used at KMR. The filter was coded to run efficiently in real time, installed at the MMW radar, and successfully used to track an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with varying drag characteristics through exo-atmospheric and reentry phases. The filter yielded a more accurate and responsive track than possible with the previously used filter on a similar trajectory     

太阳能无人机关键技术分析

介绍了当前太阳能无人机的发展现状,主要分析了太阳能无人机在设计、制造过程中所涉及到的各种关键技术,指出了需要突破的技术难点,包括轻质、高效太阳能电池的研制与应用技术、能量储存与能量控制系统、太阳能无人机机体平台设计技术。认为太阳能无人机作为航空科学技术与新能源技术相结合的产物,其研制过程需将气动、结构、推进、优化等多学科技术紧密结合。     

可重复使用热防护材料应用与研究进展

可重复使用热防护系统是为高速重复使用飞行器而发展的关键性技术,涵盖了地球大气环境及非地球大气环境下的弹道式再入、高马赫数巡航等应用场景。根据现有高马赫数飞行器热防护现状,对高马赫数飞行器的主要热防护系统类型、特点和使用场景进行了简要介绍。在此基础上,结合国外里程碑式可重复使用飞行器（X-15、SR-71、航天飞机、X-33、X-37B、Spaceliner等）,梳理了可重复使用热防护材料的应用与研究进展,论述了代表性可重复使用热防护材料的发展、性能、研制进度、特点及应用前景。对国外在可重复使用热防护材料研制中的设计及发展思路,以及所存在的主要问题进行了总结归纳,为可重复使用热防护材料未来的发展提供了思路。     

临近空间高超声速飞行器天文导航系统综述

临近空间是航天与航空业务领域的结合部，具有重要的战略价值。高超声速飞行器是临近空间力量部署的重要载体，已逐渐进入应用部署阶段。临近空间高超声速飞行器的飞行环境和任务条件对导航系统提出了新的更高要求。在总结临近空间高超声速飞行器的导航技术研究进展的基础上，对天文导航技术的应用环境和条件进行了系统的分析和探讨，提出了5个重点研究方向，包括：星图采集效能、光学误差模型、视场观测机理、姿态更新速率、小型化模块化工程化等。研究结果可为临近空间高超声速飞行器天文导航系统的设计提供参考。     

不断发展的飞行器海基测量技术

回顾了飞行器海基测量的产生与兴起,特别是该领域的核心技术、基础技术、支撑技术等相关关键技术的发展历史,分析了飞行器海基测量领域所面临的航天与国防科技、海洋科学与工程快速发展的需求和挑战,提出了建设飞行器海基测量的基础理论体系、基础研究体系和基础信息体系的构想,以期促进我国飞行器海基测量技术的发展.     

无人机集群研究进展综述

集群行为是一种常见于自然界中鱼群、鸟群、蜂群等低等群居生物的集体行为，生物群中的个体仅依靠局部感知作用和简单的通信规则自主决定其运动状态，并且从简单的局部规则涌现出协同的整体行为。受此启发，提出了无人机集群作战的概念。无人机集群作战是指依靠大量低成本、速度快、适应能力强、易于携带和投射的无人机形成规模优势，从而取得战争的主动权。由于无人机集群技术的重要战略地位，中美俄等军事大国均开始重视无人机集群技术的持续发展。介绍了无人机集群的研究动机，从模型、协议和平台3个角度总结了研究方法，重点分析了几种典型作战模式以及涉及的若干关键技术。综上所述，集群技术在军事方面具有重要的应用价值，必将引领全新的作战模式。