二阶中立型方程周期解的存在性

利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数理论研究二阶常第数线性中立型方程的周期解，得到了在｜ｃ｜＝１的条件下，二阶中立型方程周期解存在的充要条件；在｜ｃ｜＝１条件下，方程周期解存在的充分条件，并给出了具有特殊时滞的方程周期解存在的充分条件。     

调频连续波激光雷达距离-多普勒解耦新方法

调频连续波激光雷达探测运动目标时,通常采用二维傅里叶变换解耦合方法.当探测高速运动目标时,由于目标移动导致不同调频周期的中频信号频谱峰值不在同一距离单元,用二维傅里叶变换法进行解耦将产生速度模糊.新的解耦方法通过对多个周期的中频信号频谱峰值位置进行直线拟合,获得目标径向速度估计值.利用速度估计值构建多普勒补偿信号,并与原中频信号相乘.补偿后的中频信号频谱峰值在同一距离单元内.将补偿后的中频信号用二维傅里叶变换法获得的径向速度与之前的速度估计值相加,得到最终的目标径向速度.仿真结果说明新方法在获得较高测距、测速精度的同时,可以有效提高调频连续波激光雷达的无模糊速度.     

椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解与应用

在长期的航天器编队飞行中传统的基于线性相对运动模型设计编队保持轨道的方法会引起较多的燃料消耗.首先采用摄动法解析地求得了考虑二阶非线性项时椭圆轨道相对运动模型的周期性条件和周期解;然后以此周期解为参考轨道设计了基于Lyapunov稳定的PD保持控制律.仿真结果表明:基于椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解较基于椭圆轨道线性相对运动模型的周期解,精度明显提高;以前者为参考轨道的保持控制与以后者为参考轨道的保持控制相比,燃耗明显降低.     

新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

高超声速飞行器平稳滑翔弹道解析解及其应用

针对高超声速飞行器平稳滑翔弹道在线规划问题,提出了一种高精度的平稳滑翔弹道解析求解方法。首先,将升力系数分解为横向分量、平衡滑翔纵向分量和平稳滑翔纵向分量3个部分,并在此基础上将纵向运动方程、横向运动方程和速度方程解耦;然后,分别采用解析积分、正则摄动法、高斯积分法和单步龙格-库塔积分获得了滑翔段高度及射程、弹道偏角、经度、纬度和速度的解析解,并通过分段求解来提高解的精度;最后,利用上述解析解,提出了一种规划升力系数平稳滑翔纵向分量和横向分量的平稳滑翔弹道快速生成算法。仿真校验表明,本文解析解的精度比经典的Bell解析解高1个数量级,所对应的弹道规划方法具有计算量小、规划速度快的特点,有利于实现在线弹道规划。      

中心对称平面三连杆的同步运动

研究中心对称平面三连杆的运动.该模型是常见的力学系统,可以近似描述外层空间中弱引力条件下带有太阳能板的卫星的运动状况.然而,由于该系统是不可积系统,一般的运动状况比较复杂.在本文中对该模型建立Lagrange运动方程,主要研究其同步运动,求出同步运动的精确解,并分析其运动规律,证明了在一定条件下存在周期解.本文的结果为进一步研究该系统的在同步运动附近的复杂性打下了基础.      

基于单纯形法的TLE轨道确定

TLE数据库是目前公开获得轨道信息的唯一来源，其包含的空间目标将持续增加.利用TLE数据库获得精确的定轨结果已成为研究重点.由于TLE数据本身精度未知且存在波动，需要利用历史TLE数据对参考时刻的TLE状态进行轨道确定.常用方法为最小二乘法，但是该方法具有局限性，需要较为精确的初始值，且误差评估不可靠，解易产生发散.为克服现有方法的局限性，本文提出了一种局部搜索算法——单纯形调优法来实现TLE轨道确定.为避免构建的初始单纯形搜索得到的最优解属于局部最优，引入蒙特卡罗方法对初始单纯形进行采样，获得一系列解的统计分布，通过求该分布的期望和方差获得最终结果.研究结果表明，将单纯形调优法获得的结果用于传播预报可显著降低位置和速度误差.      

动力增程型高超声速飞行器的再入轨迹规划

为研究飞行过程中的动力装置启动时刻及燃料消耗情况，对轨迹进行优化，进而提出一种动力增程型弹道的再入模式。推导Sanger弹道的解析解，分析得到高超声速飞行器再入航程最优所必须的迎角及初始速度取值条件等相关前提，利用该结论设计动力装置的启动方式使航程最远、燃料利用率最大。将轨迹设计为Sanger弹道和拟平衡滑翔弹道相结合的混合弹道:再入前期利用助推器间隔点火的方式形成等高类周期跳跃弹道以保证足够远的航程; 再入后期采用拟平衡滑翔弹道，将最优控制问题转化为复杂多约束非线性规划问题，性能指标综合考虑了轨迹平滑和航程。仿真实现了所提出的动力增程型再入弹道; 并在燃料充足、弹道倾角取值合适的条件下，得到“打水漂”弹道形式，该弹道能量损失极慢，具有足够远的飞行能力。仿真表明，与不同点火方式及求解方法得出的弹道相对比，所提动力增程型再入弹道具有3.47~3.84倍的航程、1.04~1.18倍的末端动能以及4.47~15.79倍的燃料利用率。      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.