弹性碰撞问题的接触时间分析

一般认为无侧向速度的正碰接触是瞬时的,而对具有侧向速度的斜碰撞接触时间则无定论.文中选取正碰和斜碰两种情况,理论求解了碰撞过程中的接触时间.其结论在一定程度上可以证明,斜碰撞的接触时间与宏观的碰撞-振动过程相比仍然非常微小,而且与摩擦有关,此时传统的碰撞关系不再适应.     

整圈自带冠叶盘系统斜碰撞振动局部化研究

为研究整圈自带冠叶盘系统斜碰撞振动局部化问题,建立了整圈自带冠叶盘系统斜碰撞振动的集中参数模型动力学方程,计算不同耦合刚度下的各阶固有频率.分析了存在冠间间隙失谐情况下,叶片的各阶次振动响应特性和碰摩力,以及叶片刚度失谐情况下,不同耦合刚度叶盘系统的斜碰撞/无斜碰撞振动局部化因子.对比分析了叶片刚度、冠间间隙分别存在随机失谐时,不同耦合刚度叶盘系统的斜碰撞振动局部化因子.研究发现:在出现斜碰撞和轮盘共振情况下,即使是谐调叶盘系统也会出现振动局部化现象.而在各阶共振情况下,失谐叶盘系统都会出现振动局部化现象.计算表明:碰摩力与振动局部化的产生有直接关系,斜碰撞使叶片对失谐的敏感程度更大.另外,弱耦合叶盘系统比强耦合叶盘系统的振动局部化因子相对更大,叶片振动对于叶片刚度失谐比对冠间间隙失谐的敏感程度更大.      

两柔性梁碰撞振动的非相似模态

研究以Hertz接触模型描述的两柔性梁的碰撞振动,通过坐标变换将系统投影到环面上分析其模态动力学问题,揭示碰撞模态呈现非相似性质。     

特定工况下内嵌钢球欧拉梁碰撞减振性能研究

针对内嵌自主移动钢球欧拉梁碰撞系统,研究了在一复杂工况下内嵌自主移动钢球碰撞阻尼机制对梁残余衰减振动的抑制效果.采用线性弹簧-阻尼模型模拟钢球与梁之间的碰撞机制,通过分析建立了整个碰撞系统的分段线性动力学方程,并运用无量纲化、假设模态法、高阶模态截断等方法导出了系统的状态空间方程.数值计算结果充分表明在此工况下内嵌自主...     

结构参数对拦阻钩碰撞反弹动力学影响分析

针对新型舰载机拦阻钩设计初期技术人员关心的拦阻钩结构参数的选型问题,以某拦阻钩为研究对象,基于刚体碰撞理论建立了拦阻钩碰撞反弹动力学模型,研究了拦阻钩碰撞反弹的动力学特性。通过拦阻钩碰撞反弹试验对碰撞模型进行了参数修正,分析和对比了不同缓冲器安装形式下拦阻钩碰撞反弹特性,论述了重心位置、缓冲器油孔半径和初始压强对拦阻钩反弹动力学性能的影响,最后提出了一种拦阻钩缓冲器结构参数优化设计方法并进行了参数优化。结果表明：Ⅱ型缓冲器安装形式更优;随着拦阻钩重心位置距上铰接点长度增大,弹跳高度增大,缓冲器作用力减小;随着缓冲器油孔半径增大,弹跳高度增大,缓冲器作用力减小;初始压强增大,弹跳高度减小,缓冲器作用力增大。     

斜碰撞振动系统周期运动的映射与分叉

建立了斜碰撞振动系统的 Poincaré映射,研究了通过映射方法确定系统周期运动及其稳定性,并具体计算了给定单自由度斜碰撞系统的映射,分析了斜碰撞振动系统可能存在的各种分叉行为。     

舰载飞机着舰时拦阻钩碰撞反弹动力学分析

为了解舰载飞机着舰时拦阻钩碰撞甲板后被反弹的动力学性能,以某舰载飞机为研究对象,建立了全机着舰动力学模型和拦阻钩碰撞甲板的碰撞模型,进行了全机着舰动力学仿真,通过拦阻钩碰撞反弹试验对碰撞模型进行修正,得到了更加准确的碰撞模型。将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究了甲板涂层、俯仰角、航向速度、下沉速度和拦阻钩阻尼器参数对拦阻钩反弹动力学性能的影响。结果表明:航向速度对反弹高度和碰撞力几乎没有影响;随着下沉速度和俯仰角的增加,反弹高度和碰撞力也增加;拦阻钩阻尼器参数的变化不会影响碰撞力,但是对反弹动力学性能会产生明显的影响。     

空中加油对接过程的动力学建模与仿真

空中加油的成功与否主要依赖于加油锥套与受油插头的顺利对接,对对接过程中产生的动力学行为的研究是实现顺利对接的前提。利用多刚体系统动力学建立对接过程的动力学模型,求解出加油锥套与受油装置间的广义速度;并依据建立的接触动力学模型,得到局部接触点间的相对速度。基于非线性连续碰撞理论,提出对接过程中碰撞力的计算方法,并在机械系统动力学仿真软件ADAMS的环境下,构建加油锥套和受油装置的对接虚拟样机。通过对虚拟样机的动力学仿真,得到了对接过程中的碰撞力及速度响应曲线,同时,得出能够实现成功对接时各参数的具体范围。结果表明,制约对接成功的主要参数是初始相对速度、加油锥套的俯仰角和相对偏距。该研究对空中加油的对接和受油机的导航控制具有重要的意义。     

折叠翼弹簧锁紧机构动力学仿真分析

基于刚柔耦合动力学理论,对折叠翼弹簧锁紧机构展开到位瞬时的碰撞问题进行分析,采用LS-DYNA建立折叠翼的刚柔耦合动力学模型,在各构件之间建立运动副和接触关系,对折叠翼展开到位时的局部接触碰撞动力学过程进行数值模拟。本文的建模方法更准确地计算了折叠翼展开到位的动力学响应,给出了折叠翼展开到位的碰撞特性,得到碰撞过程中折叠翼的应力分布。从而为折叠翼机构的设计提供指导。     

直升机旋翼桨叶的弹性碰撞动力学建模

建立了直升机旋翼桨叶弹性正碰撞的动力学模型,采用有限转动梁理论处理桨叶的弹性变形,利用Hertz接触理论处理局部弹性变形,引入位移协调方程识别弹性碰撞载荷,运用Hamilton原理建立了桨叶正碰撞的动力学方程.通过与Timoshenko算例的对比表明了该方法的正确性,且对集中质量与直升机桨叶的弹性正碰撞问题进行了研究.      

螺旋锥齿轮振动研齿系统的拍击响应

建立了位移激励下的螺旋锥齿轮振动研齿系统的扭转振动模型,推导出考虑摩擦的轮齿斜碰撞前后状态间的局部映射关系式,得到了螺旋锥齿轮振动研齿系统的Lyapunov指数计算方法.通过算例,运用相图、Poincaré映射图、Lyapunov指数和系统分叉图,分析了研齿系统随激励参数变化的动态响应,结果表明,随激励幅值的增大,研齿系统由单边碰撞状态经倍周期分叉进入混沌,并在混沌状态中有周期窗口的出现.继续增大激励幅值,系统进入了双边碰撞状态.      

The human/robot interface

The use of telerobotic technology in space exploration is examined. Early aspirations for anthropomorphic designs and advances in the field are reviewed. The application of human factors engineering to robotics design and the human-machine interface are examined. New strategies in design and automation are presented.     

The Practical Problem of Radar Cross-Section Analysis

Despite recent advances in computational and experimental technology, many approximate methods are of considerable practical value in the field of radar cross-section (RCS) analysis. This is true particularly where time and/or funding is limited. Here we shall examine RCS data both in the high-frequency and in the lowfrequency ranges to illustrate some of the advantages which accrue from the application of more economical approximate techniques.     

Geomagnetic Jerks: Rapid Core Field Variations and Core Dynamics

The secular variation of the core field is generally characterized by smooth variations, sometimes interrupted by abrupt changes, named geomagnetic jerks. The origin of these events, observed and investigated for over three decades, is still not fully understood. Many fundamental features of geomagnetic jerks have been the subject of debate, including their origin internal or external to the Earth, their occurrence dates, their duration and their global or regional character. Specific tools have been developed to detect them in geomagnetic field or secular variation time series. Recently, their investigation has been advanced by the availability of a decade of high-quality satellite measurements. Moreover, advances in the modelling of the core field and its variations have brought new perspectives on the fluid motion at the top of the core, and opened new avenues in our search for the origin of geomagnetic jerks. Correlations have been proposed between geomagnetic jerks and some other geophysical observables, indicating the substantial interest in this topic in our scientific community. This paper summarizes the recent advances in our understanding and interpretation of geomagnetic jerks.     

New Techniques in Undersea Technology

The successful development of expendable instruments in oceanography is certainly one of the most exciting advances in the rapidly evolving technology of oceanography. It appears that microelectronics may be especially well qualified in this field. The economics of ship operations and expediency tend to dictate this new development.     

真空羽流场的 N-S 和 DSMC 耦合数值模拟

根据调姿发动机真空羽流场的特点,采用差分求解Ｎ－Ｓ方程数值模拟喷管内流场,用ＤＳＭＣ方法数值模拟喷管外羽流场,得到了符合流动规律的数值模拟结果。为姿控发动机喷管设计提供了参考,并为真空羽流污染研究打下了良好的基础。     

The future of space plasma simulation

Space plasma simulation is a subject which is in its infancy, but which is already having an important impact on space science. Its growth is being spurred onward by the continuing increase in capacity (speed and memory) of computers and by advances in the sophistication of numerical models. These advances are making it possible to simulate more realistic situations using more complex models. Already significant three-dimensional MHD calculations of the magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind have been carried out. In addition multi-dimensional particle simulations are illuminating many of the microscopic physics processes which go on (instabilities, saturation levels and wave nonlinearity, shock structure, etc.). Notwithstanding these advances, the surface has only been scratched; many challenges and opportunities are provided by simulation both for the space physicist and the model builders (also for computer designers). In MHD models more physics need to be included (Hall effect, gyroviscosity, accurate models of boundaries, how do we put microscopic physics effects into macroscopic codes, etc.). For model builders correct treatments of systems containing a large range of important space and time scales, magnetic field strengths, Alfven wave velocity, etc. present real challenges. What are the best ways to diagnose these complex models and obtain meaningful information? What quantities should be looked at? How should they be displayed? A discussion of the promises, the prospects, and the challenges of the above topics will be given with examples taken from recent work.     

Alfvén Wave Generation in Photospheric Vortex Filaments, Macrospicules, and "Solar Tornadoes"

The properties of Alfvén waves generated in the photosphere by field lines trapped in vortex sinks and propagating upwards through the transition region and corona are discussed and contrasted to those of waves generated via reconnection in transition region explosive events, or rather via untwisting reconnecting flux tubes. An outline for future simulations and theoretical advances necessary to understand the dynamics of spicules and macrospicules is described, and a detailed search for photospheric velocity patterns underlying macrospicules is suggested. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Magnetic Field of the Earth’s Lithosphere

The lithospheric contribution to the Earth’s magnetic field is concealed in magnetic field data that have now been measured over several decades from ground to satellite altitudes. The lithospheric field results from the superposition of induced and remanent magnetisations. It therefore brings an essential constraint on the magnetic properties of rocks of the Earth’s sub-surface that would otherwise be difficult to characterize. Measuring, extracting, interpreting and even defining the magnetic field of the Earth’s lithosphere is however challenging. In this paper, we review the difficulties encountered. We briefly summarize the various contributions to the Earth’s magnetic field that hamper the correct identification of the lithospheric component. Such difficulties could be partially alleviated with the joint analysis of multi-level magnetic field observations, even though one cannot avoid making compromises in building models and maps of the magnetic field of the Earth’s lithosphere at various altitudes. Keeping in mind these compromises is crucial when lithospheric field models are interpreted and correlated with other geophysical information. We illustrate this discussion with recent advances and results that were exploited to infer statistical properties of the Earth’s lithosphere. The lessons learned in measuring and processing Earth’s magnetic field data may prove fruitful in planetary exploration, where magnetism is one of the few remotely accessible internal properties.     

高超声速飞行器飞行特性和控制的若干问题

首先凹顾了近年来国外高超声速飞行器的研究现状和进展．对高超声速飞行器的一些相关技术进行了总结。其次．分析了高超声速飞行器飞行过程中的特性、再入大气层过程，以及目前可行的两极入轨方案。最后对高超声速飞行器的飞行控制方法进行了回顾和展望。