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1.
The SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS/SOHO) has observed the extended solar corona between 1 and 10 R· for more
than two years. We review spectroscopic and polarimetric measurements made in coronal holes, equatorial streamers, and coronal
mass ejections, as well as selected non-solar targets. UVCS/SOHO has provided a great amount of empirical information about
the physical processes that heat and accelerate the solar wind, and about detailed coronal structure and evolution.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
L. Strachan Y-K. Ko A. V. Panasyuk D. Dobrzycka J. L. Kohl M. Romoli G. Noci S. E. Gibson D. A. Biesecker 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):311-314
We constrain coronal outflow velocity solutions, resolved along the line-of-sight, by using Doppler dimming models of H I Lyman alpha and O VI 1032/1037 Å emissivities obtained with data from the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on SOHO. The local emissivities, from heliocentric heights of 1.5 to 3.0 solar radii, were determined from 3-D reconstructions of line-of-sight intensities obtained during the first Whole Sun Month Campaign (10 August to 8 September 1996). The models use electron densities derived from polarized brightness measurements made with the visible light coronagraphs on UVCS and LASCO, supplemented with data from Mark III at NCAR/MLSO. Electron temperature profiles are derived from 'freezing-in' temperatures obtained from an analysis of charge state data from SWICS/Ulysses. The work concentrates on neutral hydrogen outflow velocities which depend on modeling the absolute coronal H I Lyα emissivities. We use an iterative method to determine the neutral hydrogen outflow velocity with consistent values for the electron temperatures derived from a freezing-in model. 相似文献
3.
M. P. Miralles L. Strachan L. D. Gardner P. L. Smith J. L. Kohl M. Guhathakurta R. R. Fisher 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):277-281
The Spartan 201 flights from 1993 to 1995 provided us with observations in H I Lyman-α of several coronal hole/streamer boundaries
and adjacent streamers during the declining phase of the current solar cycle: Analysis of the latitudinal dependence of the
line intensities clearly shows that there is a boundary region at the coronal hole/streamer interface where the H I Lyman-α
intensity reaches a minimum value. Similar results are also found in UVCS/SOHO observations. We also discuss differences in
the coronal hole/streamer boundaries for different types of streamers and their changes over the three year period of Spartan
201 observations.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
We investigate the possibility of observing the effects of magnetic reconnection inside a current sheet forming in a coronal streamer in the extended corona. In particular we study the possibility to observe with the UVCS of SOHO the excitation of the tearing instability in the current sheet. 相似文献
5.
We analyzed UVCS/SOHO data and compared the H I Lyα (121.6 nm) and O VI (103.2 nm, 103.7 nm) emission in the polar and equatorial
coronal holes. We found that the emission lines have similar characteristics in these two types of coronal holes. Both types
show evidence for superradially diverging boundaries. The latitudinal distribution of the O VI line ratio may indicate that
the equatorial coronal hole has O+5 outflow velocities lower than in the polar coronal holes.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
L. Ofman M. Romoli G. Noci G. Poletto J. L. Kohl R. A. Howard C. St. Cyr C. E. Deforest 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):287-290
In recent UVCS/SOHO White Light Channel (WLC) observations we found quasi-periodic variations in the polarized brightness
(pB) in the polar coronal holes at heliocentric distances of 1.9 to 2.45 solar radii. The motivation for the observation is
the 2.5D MHD model of solar wind acceleration by nonlinear waves, that predicts compressive fluctuations in coronal holes.
In February 1998 we performed new observations using the UVCS/WLC in the coronal hole and obtained additional data. The new
data corroborate our earlier findings with higher statistical significance. The new longer observations show that the power
spectrum peaks in the 10–12 minute range. These timescales agree with EIT observations of brightness fluctuations in polar
plumes. We performed preliminary LASCO/C2 observations in an effort to further establish the coronal origin of the fluctuations.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Recent SOHO/UVCS observations indicate that the perpendicular proton and ion temperatures are much larger than electron temperatures.
In the present study we simulate numerically the solar wind flow in a coronal hole with the two-fluid approach. We investigate
the effects of electron and proton temperatures on the solar wind acceleration by nonlinear waves. In the model the nonlinear
waves are generated by Alfvén waves with frequencies in the 10-3 Hz range, driven at the base of the coronal hole. The resulting electron and proton flow profile exhibits density and velocity
fluctuations. The fluctuations may steepen into shocks as they propagate away from the sun. We calculate the effective proton
temperature by combining the thermal and wave velocity of the protons, and find qualitative agreement with the proton kinetic
temperature increase with height deduced from the UVCS Ly-α observations by Kohl et al. (1998).
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
We present results derived from the analysis of an equatorial streamer structure as observed by the UVCS instrument aboard
SOHO. From observations of the H I Lyα and Lyβ lines we infer the density and temperature of the plasma. We develop a preliminary
axisymmetric, magnetostatic model of the corona which includes the effects of gas pressure gradients on the magnetic structure.
We infer a coronal plasma β > 1 in the closed field regions and near the cusp of the streamer. We add to the model a parallel
velocity field assuming mass flux conservation along magnetic flux tubes. We then compute the Lyα emissivity and the line-of-sight
integrals to obtain images of Lyα intensity, taking into account projection effects and Doppler dimming. The images we obtain
from this preliminary model are in good general agreement with the UVCS observations, both qualitatively and quantitatively.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Steven R. Cranmer 《Space Science Reviews》2002,101(3-4):229-294
Coronal holes are the lowest density plasma components of the Sun's outer atmosphere, and are associated with rapidly expanding magnetic fields and the acceleration of the high-speed solar wind. Spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of the extended corona, coupled with interplanetary particle and radio sounding measurements going back several decades, have put strong constraints on possible explanations for how the plasma in coronal holes receives its extreme kinetic properties. The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft has revealed surprisingly large temperatures, outflow speeds, and velocity distribution anisotropies for positive ions in coronal holes. We review recent observations, modeling techniques, and proposed heating and acceleration processes for protons, electrons, and heavy ions. We emphasize that an understanding of the acceleration region of the wind (in the nearly collisionless extended corona) is indispensable for building a complete picture of the physics of coronal holes. 相似文献
10.
R. A. Frazin A. Ciaravella E. Dennis S. Fineschi L. D. Gardner J. Michels R. O'Neal J. C. Raymond C.-R. Wu J. L. Kohl A. Modigliani G. Noci 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):189-192
We made streamer observations with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) during the early part of 1998, which was a time of moderate solar activity. We present an empirical study of coronal ion kinetics using the line profiles from these observations. Our first and most striking result is that the mid-latitude (ML) streamers have much narrower O VI 1032 Å line profiles than the solar minimum equatorial (SME) streamers. Our second result is that the line profiles from a small collection of ions in ML streamers do not seem to be consistent with the ions having a single temperature and turbulent velocity. We discuss several interpretations, including line of sight (LOS) effects. This work is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant NAG-3192 to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. 相似文献
11.
SOHO/UVCS data indicate that minor ions in the corona are heated more than hydrogen, and that coronal heating results in T⊥ larger than T‖. Analogous behavior has been known from in situ measurements in solar wind for many years. Here we compare and contrast two
mechanisms which have been proposed to account for the above behavior: ion-cyclotron resonance and gravity damping.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
R. M. Suleiman J.L. Kohl A. V. Panasyuk A. Ciaravella S.R. Cranmer L.D. Gardner R. Frazin R. Hauck P.L. Smith G. Noci 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):327-330
The Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) has been used to measure
spectral line profiles for H I Lyα in the south polar coronal hole at projected heliocentric heights from 3.5 to 6.0 R⊙ during 1998 January 5–11. Observations from 1.5 to 2.5 R⊙ were made for comparison. The H I Lyα profile is the only one observable with UVCS above 3.5 R⊙ in coronal holes. Within this region the outflowing coronal plasma becomes nearly collisionless and the ionization balance
is believed to become frozen.
In this paper, the 1/e half widths of the coronal velocity distributions are provided for the observed heights. The velocity
distributions include all motions contributing to the velocities along the line of sight (LOS). The observations have been
corrected for instrumental effects and interplanetary H I Lyα. The half widths were found to increase with projected heliographic
height from 1.5 to 2.5 R⊙ and decrease with height from 3.5 to 5 R⊙.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
We propose a new phase-mixing sweep model of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration based on dissipative properties of
kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs). The energy reservoir is provided by the intermittent ∼1 Hz MHD Alfvén waves excited at the coronal
base by magnetic restructuring. These waves propagate upward along open magnetic field lines, phase-mix, and gradually develop
short wavelengths across the magnetic field. Eventually, at 1.5–4 solar radii they are transformed into KAWs. We analyze several
basic mechanisms for anisotropic energization of plasma species by KAWs and find them compatible with observations. In particular,
UVCS (onboard SOHO) observations of intense cross-field ion energization at 1.5–4 solar radii can be naturally explained by
non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the vicinity of demagnetizing KAW phases. The ion cyclotron motion is destroyed there by
electric and magnetic fields of KAWs. 相似文献
14.
S. T. Suess G. Poletto G. Corti G. Simnett G. Noci M. Romoli J. Kohl B. Goldstein 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):319-322
We present results from SOHO/UVCS measurements of the density and flow speed of plasma at the Sun and again of the same plasma
by Ulysses/SWOOPS in the solar wind. UVCS made measurements at 3.5 and 4.5 solar radii and Ulysses was at 5.1 AU. Data were
taken for nearly 2 weeks in May–June 1997 at 9–10 degrees north of the equator in the streamer belt on the east limb. Density
and flow speed were compared to see if near Sun characteristics are preserved in the interplanetary medium. By chance, Ulysses
was at the very northern edge of the streamer belt. Nevertheless, no evidence was found of fast wind or mixing of slow wind
with fast wind coming from the northern polar coronal hole. The morphology of the streamer belt was similar at the beginning
and end of the observing period, but was markedly different during the middle of the period. A corresponding change in density
(but not flow speed) was noted at Ulysses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Ester Antonucci 《Space Science Reviews》2006,124(1-4):35-50
The dynamics of the solar corona as observed during solar minimum with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer, UVCS, on
SOHO is discussed. The large quiescent coronal streamers existing during this phase of the solar cycle are very likely composed
by sub-streamers, formed by closed loops and separated by open field lines that are channelling a slow plasma that flows close
to the heliospheric current sheet. The polar coronal holes, with magnetic topology significantly varying from their core to
their edges, emit fast wind in their central region and slow wind close to the streamer boundary. The transition from fast
to slow wind then appears to be gradual in the corona, in contrast with the sharp transition between the two wind regimes
observed in the heliosphere. It is suggested that speed, abundance and kinetic energy of the wind are modulated by the topology
of the coronal magnetic field. Energy deposition occurs both in the slow and fast wind but its effect on the kinetic temperature
and expansion rate is different for the slow and fast wind. 相似文献
16.
The profiles of the Lyα line at 1215.6 Å and of the O VI doublet at 1031.9 Å and 1037.6 Å in the extended solar corona have been analyzed vs. latitude and radial direction, performing observations with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the ESA-NASA solar satellite SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory). The results show that these lines behave differently with latitude: the H I Ly α line has larger full width at half maximum (FWHM) values in the streamer region and narrower values towards the pole, while the FWHM of O VI lines has a minimum at the center of the streamer and slightly increases towards the polar regions. We briefly discuss the impact of the results on coronal heating theories. 相似文献
17.
D. Dobrzycka L. Strachan M. P. Miralles J. L. Kohl L. D. Gardner P. Smith M. Guhathakurta R. Fisher 《Space Science Reviews》1999,87(1-2):177-180
We compared the H I Lyα polar coronal hole profiles obtained during the three Spartan 201 flights (in 1993, 1994, and 1995)
and during the more recent UVCS/SOHO mission. We found that at 2.1 R⊙ there are no significant variations of the line shape over the several years of the descending phase of the solar cycle.
However, there may be some evidence for the 1.8 R⊙ profiles being broader towards solar minimum. The profiles at 2.1 R⊙ are different from profiles obtained at 1.8 R⊙; they have clearly narrower cores and wide wings. We fitted the profiles with single and/or multiple Gaussian functions and
calculated their typical 1/e half widths.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Spectra of the northern polar coronal hole measured with the SUMER spectrometer on SOHO on 25 October 1996 are analyzed. We
present spectra taken at locations on the solar disk where part of the spectrometer slit intersects a polar coronal hole region
and an area of brighter emission from outside of the coronal hole area. By comparing the line intensities between the parts
of the spectrum taken inside the "dark" area of the coronal holes and the brighter regions, we work out the signatures of
the specific coronal hole in the chromosphere, transition region and lower corona. We find that emissions of neutral atom
lines, of which there are many in the spectrum of SUMER, show no difference between the coronal hole and the bright boundary
areas, whereas all ionized species show strong intensity enhancements, including the continuum emissions of carbon and hydrogen.
These enhancements are larger than in normal quiet Sun areas.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber Rudolf Von Steiger Johannes Geiss George Gloeckler Fred M. Ipavich Berend Wilken 《Space Science Reviews》1998,85(1-2):387-396
Recent observations with UVCS on SOHO of high outflow velocities of O5+ at low coronal heights have spurred much discussion about the dynamics of solar wind acceleration. On the other hand, O6+ is the most abundant oxygen charge state in the solar wind, but is not observed by UVCS or by SUMER because this helium-like
ion has no emission lines falling in the wave lengths observable by these instruments. Therefore, there is considerable interest
in observing O5+ in situ in order to understand the relative importance of O5+ with respect to the much more abundant O6+. High speed streams are the prime candidates for the search for O5+ because all elements exhibit lower freezing-in temperatures in high speed streams than in the slow solar wind. The Ulysses
spacecraft was exposed to long time periods of high speed streams during its passage over the polar regions of the Sun. The
Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses is capable of resolving this rare oxygen charge state. We present
the first measurement of O5+ in the solar wind and compare these data with those of the more abundant oxygen species O6+ and O7+. We find that our observations of the oxygen charge states can be fitted with a single coronal electron temperature in the
range of 1.0 to 1.2 MK assuming collisional ionization/recombination equilibrium with an ambient Maxwellian electron gas.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
The spectroscopic observations of the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS), on board the SOHO observatory, allow the study and the full characterization of the expansion of the solar atmosphere by means of measurements of the outflow speeds and the physical properties of the wind, directly in the region where the solar plasma is heated and accelerated: the extended corona. During solar minimum, when the magnetic configuration of the corona is rather simple, the open magnetic fields emerging from the wide polar coronal holes channel toward the heliosphere both the fast and the slow wind. The fast wind flows along flux tubes with lower areal divergence than the slow wind which is guided by flux tubes characterized by non-monotonic areal expansion functions. Differences in the physical properties, such as kinetic temperature, electron density, composition and density fluctuations, of the fast and slow wind in the corona are discussed. 相似文献