基于能观度分析的信息融合自主导航算法

基于能观度分析,提出一种地月转移轨道的自主导航算法。以成像敏感器提供的地心方向和月心方向作为两种观测量,该算法将转移轨道分为若干段,计算每段轨道内两种量测模型对应的能观度。根据计算结果,利用模糊逻辑系统和信息融合技术产生每段轨道的优化量测模型,进而通过扩展卡尔曼滤波算法确定探测器轨道。文中给出的月球探测仿真算例,验证了所提导航算法的有效性。     

地月转移轨道自主导航算法研究

本文给出一种地月转移段的自主导航算法。以紫外敏感器输出的月心像素和月心距等信息为观测量,利用基于UD分解的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法确定探测器的轨道。仿真结果表明,基于紫外敏感器的地月转移段自主导航是可行的,引入单程多普勒测速的组合导航算法可以有效地提高导航精度与收敛速度。     

软着月任务窗口与轨道设计方法研究

建立了一套应用于多约束条件下软着月任务的窗口计算以及轨道设计方法。针对经历发射 段、地月转移段、绕月段及动力下降段的月球探测器,综合考虑各个特征点的位置、光照、 测控等约束,结合轨道特性,采用着月点→近月点→入轨点→发射点倒推的方式,快速确 定探测器的发射窗口。在其中选择发射时刻后即可计算转移轨道的轨道根数初值,并搜索计 算精确轨道。该方法对于我国月球探测后期工程的发射窗口计算与轨道设计工作有较重要的 参考价值。
     

考虑环月交会约束的地月转移轨道设计

面向载人登月任务需要,针对着陆器地月转移轨道及环月停泊轨道设计问题进行了研究。结合月面着陆点约束条件设计环月交会轨道,分析环月停泊轨道受月球高阶引力场摄动的影响,并得到轨道根数漂移量关于不同停泊时长、不同远月点高度等因素的变化情况。以上述结果作为地月转移段的约束条件优化设计星历模型下地月转移轨道,并结合轨道根数漂移规律设计环月停泊段轨道及后续机动,从而实现转移-停泊-交会一体化轨道优化设计。在此基础上遍历不同发射时刻,搜索地月转移轨道发射窗口。该方法能够实现长时间环月停泊的着陆器转移-停泊轨道设计且可以满足大范围窗口的搜索需求。仿真校验结果表明提出的方法能够在给定约束下有效求解星历模型下着陆器地月转移及停泊轨道,为载人登月任务的轨道设计提供参考。     

用无动力段外测数据评定制导精度

本文提出用雷达等设备测量飞行器在无动力段轨道上的位置矢量,把它和标称的轨道位置矢量加以比较,并对其差值用矩阵理论进行变换处理,可以确定飞行器上的制导系仪器在动力终止时刻的总制导误差。为精度鉴定提供了一种辅助方法,弥补了有动力段外弹道测量设备的某些不足,并可提供准确的重返大气层的标称轨道位置矢量,以鉴别再入误差。     

基于紫外敏感器的地月转移轨道慢旋探测器自主导航算法

针对地月转移轨道的慢旋探测器.提出一种基于紫外敏感器的自主导航算法.探测器对日定向,生成初始姿态.紫外敏感器具有大视场特性,绕横轴旋转一周可以实现对全天球70%左右空间的覆盖,因此有很大的机会在地月转移轨道实现对地球和月球的观测并获得地心方向和月心方向的测量值.本文首先对紫外敏感器的环形视场进行分析,利用解析方法推导出敏感器对月/地可见条件.其次研究由地心方向和月心方向单次测量来确定轨道参数的初始估值.最后研究如何利用每个自旋周期分别对地心方向和月心方向最多各一次的测量数据,估计探测器轨道参数的方法,并给出数学仿真结果.     

嫦娥三号奔月的三大难关

2013年12月2日1时30分,嫦娥三号＂零窗口＂发射升空;1时49分,准确进入地月转移轨道。其实,这只是奔月之旅第一步。从升空到在月球表面虹湾区软着陆,嫦娥三号要经历约13天的旅程,而到最终＂玉兔＂号月球车释放还得经过三个重要环节：地月转移段的轨道修正、精准制动进入环月轨道和环月轨道的动力下降。     

非开普勒轨道动力学与控制

主要讨论非开普勒轨道与传统开普勒轨道的异同点,试图归纳非开普勒轨道面临的动力学与控制新问题。从设计的角度出发,给出了非开普勒轨道的定义。针对目前讨论较多的几种非开普勒轨道,总结了研究这些轨道将会面临的新问题和难题。最后,讨论了非开普勒轨道的应用。
     

基于双曲线B平面参数的快速微分修正月地返回轨道精确设计

月地返回轨道设计是探月三期月球采样返回任务中的重要内容之一,其约束条件较地月转移轨道复杂.此外,微分修正算法对于初值有很强的敏感性,且不易搜索得到初值.本文提出选取月心段出口点的双曲线B平面参数作为第一次迭代的目标值,选取地心段约束值作为第二次迭代的目标值,可有效的减少迭代次数和迭代时间,完成搜索初值过程.针对直接返回型轨 道和间接返回型轨道的设计问题,使用基于双曲线B平面参数的快速微分修正月地返回轨道精确设计方法,满足了对应的约束条件,易于求取变轨点的位置矢量和速度矢量,得到标称返回轨道.最后针对2种返回轨道类型的算例说明该方法有效.     

月球轨道交会任务的远程导引变轨策略研究

对国内外月球轨道交会远程导引段变轨策略的2~5脉冲变轨方案进行了比较分析,在考虑月球轨道交会飞行任务测控资源有限和航天器所带燃料受限等特点的基础上,确定了我国月球轨道交会远程导引段的变轨策略为4脉冲方案;并介绍了在4脉冲基线轨道方案的基础上,进行标称轨道设计和月面上升窗口初步分析的结果。研究结果可为我国月球轨道交会对接任务提供参考。     

Lunar settlements--a socio-economic outlook.

The primary ingredient in a Lunar Settlement Program is the people. At the very high cost that will be required to transport, maintain and supply the people who will staff the Lunar operation, it is important to do everything possible to ensure their continued effectiveness in such an isolated, confined, and barren environment. This paper will attempt to identify the issues involved in providing for effective human performance in Lunar Settlements. The approach to be used will be contextual, and thus will not only examine the facets of the Lunar Settlement itself, but will also look at the organizational elements and the design and development processes used in project management from the point of view of long term success and cost effectiveness. The approach will also attempt to look at the Lunar Settlement "in time" as it is connected to events and experiences as they will evolve from the Space Station to Lunar Settlements. Finally, the approach will be contextual in the range of disciplines considered and their impact on planning, evolution, and activities in the entire process of Lunar Settlement. We will hope that Lunar settlers will be able to work and live as effective team members, and to make that possible, the designers, developers, builders, and managers must also function as a coherent team working together to bring about a common goal.     

Lunar base development missions

On 20 July 1969, humankind first set foot on our Moon. Since then we have developed the Space Shuttle, explored most of the planets, cooperated in the development of the International Space Station, and expanded our knowledge of the universe through use of systems such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Mars Pathfinder. After just five human follow-on missions to our Moon, we have returned robotically only twice to orbit, to map the surface and explore for resources.

The indication of the presence of hydrogen concentration at the poles of our Moon found by Lunar Prospector has added a new perspective for groups studying and implementing future lunar missions. Plans for nearterm missions such as the European Space Agency (ESA) “Euromoon 2000”, the Japanese Lunar A and Selene, and the Mitsubishi ”Earthrise 2001” Project, along with follow-on phases to the Lunar Prospector, are the beginning of humankind's return to the Moon. Organizations such as the International Academy of Astronautics have long championed the “Case for an International Lunar Base,” and a vision of a commercially-based lunar program has been outlined by several groups. A Lunar Economic Development Authority (LEDA) promoted by the United Society in Space was promulgated by the filing of articles of incorporation in the state of Colorado on 4 August 1997. This non-profit corporation has as its goal the orderly development of the Moon, through issuance of bonds to international private citizens and business entities who care to invest in its long-term development.

This paper draws from the works of the aforementioned, and specifically from the International Academy of Astronautics Lunar Base Committee, to structure a series of architectures leading toward eventual international commercial colonization of the lunar surface. While the prospect of fully reusable transportation systems utilizing fully developed lunar resources to perpetuate the permanent lunar infrastructure is enticing, this is a goal. We must utilize our current and near-term capabilities to re-initiate human lunar presence, and then build on emerging technologies to strengthen our capabilities. Humankind's return to the Moon is a part of our destiny. We can return in the near future, and then proceed to a commercial, permanent settlement in the 21st century.     

月球表面水冰探测进展

月球水冰探测对未来载人月球探测以及构建月球基地意义重大。在继＂克莱门汀＂（Clementine）、＂月球勘探者＂（Lunar Prospector）和＂智能一号＂（SMART-1）等月球探测器的探测后,美国的＂月球勘测轨道器＂（LRO）和＂月球环形山观测与遥感卫星＂（LCROSS）实施了月球极区永久阴影区撞击和观测,初步验证了水冰资源的存在。文章通过系统分析月球水冰的重要性、可能来源、探测历程和探测手段,初步提出我国开展月球水冰探测的载荷初步配置。     

Study on JAXA elements for international lunar vicinity mission

JAXA has commenced technical research for contributing as a part of international partnership for the space exploration in Lunar vicinity. One of the candidates is the cargo transport mission with the combination of Cryogenic Propulsion Stage(s) (CPS) and a transfer vehicle derived from Japanese un-manned vehicle used for ISS. The CPS needs advanced technologies to keep the propellant for long mission duration and they will be useful in further missions beyond moon. This paper reports the profile of the mission, vehicle configurations, and the transport capabilities.     

月球遥感立体测绘技术的发展

对国外月球探测测绘历程进行了调研总结,并针对立体观测、干涉雷达测量、扫描激光测绘等3种主要的测绘方案进行分析比较,继而提出适合中国月球探测目标的三维遥感测绘成像技术途径。     

月球返回再入着陆场位置选择限定因素分析

月球返回再入着陆场不仅影响月-地返回转移和返回再入飞行,同时也影响整个月球飞行任务的规划和设计.文章首先分析了航天器与地-月间的相对位置关系;结合月-地返回转移及返回再入轨道特性,理清了月球、地球着陆场和航天器三者在惯性空间内相对位置的内在约束关系;最后分析并通过仿真研究,明确了制约航天器返回再入着陆场位置选择的限定因...     

通类零件阳极化前密封表面质量控制方法

针对某型号火箭发动机通类零件在加工过程中,其铝制零件的功能面(包括螺纹接嘴、接头等密封部位)存在的表面质量问题进行了技术分析,详细阐述了解决问题的方法和操作注意事项,解决了长期困扰在生产单位面前的加工难题.     

月球探测工程中的月球环境问题

文章介绍了月球环境和国外两个典型月球探测器的环境试验。在月球环境对探测器的影响分析基础上,根据我国月球探测工程的需求,提出了有关环境问题研究的一些考虑。     

嫦娥二号卫星技术特点分析

嫦娥二号卫星是我国的第二颗月球探测器,作为探月工程二期的先导星进行飞行试验,并试验探月工程二期的部分关键技术,以深化月球科学探测。文章介绍了嫦娥二号卫星在轨道设计、高灵敏度X频段深空应答机等6方面的技术特点及解决措施。     

Self-propagating high-temperature reactions for the fabrication of Lunar and Martian physical assets

The development of a new process potentially useful for future manned Lunar and/or Martian space missions in the framework of the so-called ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization) and ISFR (In-Situ Fabrication and Repair) concepts is described and discussed in this work. This process involves the fabrication of physical assets by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) for construction applications in Lunar and Martian environments starting from different Lunar or Martian regolith simulants and aluminum, as reducing agent. In addition, although Moon and Mars already contain ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and iron oxides, respectively, the latter ones are also added to the initial mixtures to promote suitable SHS reactions. A complete scheme for the fabrication of physical assets to be used as protection against solar rays, solar wind and meteoroids, where all required stages are indicated, is finally proposed in the framework of a recently filed patent.