新型高残碳酚醛树脂的研究Ⅰ.高残碳酚醛树脂的合成及其残碳率

合成了DA系列树脂改性剂和芳基改性酚醛树脂，并以DA改性剂改性芳基酚醛树脂。用热重、电子顺磁共振等方法研究了改性酚醛树脂的残碳率。研究表明，用DA改性剂来改性酚醛树脂是提高残碳率的有效方法，改性酚醛树脂的残碳率可达69．87％。     

新型高残碳酚醛树脂的研究I.高残碳酚醛树脂的合成及其残碳率

合成了DA系列树脂改性剂和芳基改性酚醛树脂 ,并以DA改性剂改性芳基酚醛树脂。用热重、电子顺磁共振等方法研究了改性酚醛树脂的残碳率。研究表明 ,用DA改性剂来改性酚醛树脂是提高残碳率的有效方法 ,改性酚醛树脂的残碳率可达 6 9.87%。     

高残碳酚醛树脂

本成果在树脂合成时引入苯基苯酚，提高了碳含量及结构的稳定性，从而提高了整个树脂体系的残碳率。为了有效控制树脂质量，根据分子极性、反应机理，采用高效液相色谱法，对高残碳酚醛树脂作了组成分析，大分子量组成含量随聚合度变化。热重分析表明：该树脂热解温度较高，其残碳率在700℃下大于75％，其热解表观活化能远高于普通酚醛树脂，耐热性能极为优良，具有广阔的应用前景。     

新型高残碳酚醛树脂的性能研究

采用热重和高效液相色谱法对高残碳酚醛树脂的性能进行分析。结果表明，与其它酚醛树脂相比，此树脂具有较高的热分解温度和表观活化能，700℃残碳率大于75％，热性能和耐烧蚀性能优于传统烧蚀酚醛树脂，是良好的耐热、耐烧蚀基体材料；用高效液相色谱(HPLC)初步探讨了树脂的反应机理，得出大分子量组成含量随聚合度变化，应作为树脂质量控制的指标之一。     

含偶氮邻苯二甲腈基团酚醛树脂的合成与性能

利用高邻位酚醛树脂与邻苯二甲腈偶氮盐之间的偶合反应制备了带有邻苯二甲腈基团的新型高邻位酚醛树脂。结构中的腈基在加热条件下可以进行加成固化反应。通过相同方法制备了取代基团含量不同的酚醛树脂并进行了研究。结果表明：最高取代度为89％，随着取代度的增加树脂的分子量呈现出递减的趋势。固化过程中偶氮键在160～230％附近分解，腈基的加成固化出现在260～340％。与传统的酚醛树脂相比，固化后的树脂具有更好的热稳定性和更高的残碳率。     

成果简介

高残碳酚醛树脂本成果在树脂合成时引入苯基苯酚,提高了碳含量及结构的稳定性,从而提高了整个树脂体系的残碳率。为了有效控制树脂质量,根据分子极性、反应机理,采用高效液相色谱法,对高残碳酚醛树脂作了组成分析,大分子量组成含量随聚合度变化。热重分析表明:该树脂热解温度较     

多炔基加成固化型高残碳酚醛树脂的制备与性能

以碱为催化剂,通过问乙炔基苯基重氮硫酸盐和酚醛树脂间的偶合反应,制备了间乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂(EPAN).树脂的固化由乙炔基的热加成反应实现,无需外加固化剂.该树脂具有固化反应活性高,耐热性好,残碳率高的特点.为了进一步改善该树脂的工艺性,合成了炔丙基基团官能化的乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂(PEPAN),研究了该树脂的工艺性、固化行为以及热性能.研究结果表明,与EPAN相比,树脂的工艺性得到进一步提高,加工窗口明显变宽,树脂固化物的耐热性明显提高,其5%失重温度(Td5)约为432℃,800℃残碳率约为74%.     

苯并恶嗪树脂烧蚀性能的初步研究

对苯并恶嗪树脂作为烧蚀树脂的应用进行了研究。采用TGA对四种中间体固化树脂的成碳率进行了测量，表明含有多个恶嗪环的PBOZ中间体和含有两嗪环的MDABOZ固化树脂和DRBOZ固化树脂成碳率较高，达到60％以上，而含有一个嗪环的SRBOZ固化树脂的成碳率相对较低。在以SRBOZ中间体为主体的树脂体系中引入MDABOZ中间体、DRBOZ中间体和APPFBOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较低而其固化产物的交联密度明显提高，成碳率达到60％以上。小发动机烧蚀试验表明PBOZ固化树脂的耐烧蚀性能较好，能够作为烧蚀树脂；SRBOZ中间体引入了MDABOZ中间体后树脂体系的粘度较小而其固化产物的耐烧蚀性能明显提高。     

水气吸附法评定树脂残碳密实度

通过水气吸附法研究了树脂残碳的密实度,以S-157 酚醛树脂、Q-913 酚醛树脂、硼酚醛环氧树脂体系

等6 种树脂为例进行说明,把6 种固化树脂粉体在氮气气氛中热解成碳,把残碳移入控制温湿度的实验环境内放置,

采用高精度的天平称量残碳不同时刻的质量变化,经过约200 min 的残碳吸附过程分析,获得残碳吸附空气中的水气

达到平衡后,树脂残碳在控制温湿度的环境条件下质量变化率与时间的关系,通过比较残碳的增重对其密实度进行

评定。采用扫描电子显微镜对残碳表面进行观察验证。结果表明:水气吸附能力可反映树脂残碳的密实度,在规定

温湿度环境内吸附平衡时,水气吸附量为残碳密实度的评定依据。

     

镁酚醛树脂的固化特性

文摘采用差示扫描量热法和傅里叶红外光谱法研究了镁酚醛树脂的固化反应特性,包括反应动力学和固化反应机理,热失重研究树脂固化后的耐热性能。研究表明:镁酚醛树脂表观活化能约为82.42 kJ/mol,反应级数为0.913,和普通酚醛树脂固化过程相比反应中有新的结构变化,热失重测试结果表明其耐热性能优异、残碳率较高,在以升温速率为10℃/m in条件下升温至800℃时残碳率可达到58.57%。镁酚醛树脂加热可快速固化,最佳固化成型温度控制在150~160℃。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.