NxTest augments legacy military ATE

Typical military automatic test equipment (ATE) usually consists of a number of single channel stimulus and measurement devices connected to the UUT with a switch matrix, providing; traditional serial, parametric test with its lengthy test times. Functional test methodology tests a unit by simulating its environment and verifying that the unit operates correctly in that environment. This requires simultaneous stimulus and measurement capability not usually found in traditional military ATE. Boeing Support Systems is currently in the process of augmenting an existing military test station to provide functional test capability through the use of NxTest technology. This paper will discuss our approach to adding functional test capability to an existing piece of equipment.     

Measurement and assessment of wind tunnel flow quality

For decades, wind tunnel testing has been conducted in test section environments that have not been adequately or consistently documented. Since wind tunnel flow quality can adversely affect test results, accurate and consistent flow quality measurements are required, along with an understanding of the sources, characteristics, and management of flow turbulence. This paper will review turbulence measurement techniques and data obtained in subsonic, transonic, and supersonic test facilities as they relate to the determination and assessment of wind tunnel flow quality. The principles and practical application of instrumentation used in the measurement and characterization of wind tunnel turbulence will be described. Techniques used for the identification of the sources of wind tunnel disturbances, and the performance of turbulence suppression devices will be outlined. These test techniques will be illustrated with extensive measurements obtained in a number of test facilities. The measurements will provide comprehensive turbulence data that are vital to the assessment and management of flow quality. Procedures designed to assess the potential influence of adverse flow quality on wind tunnel model test performance will also be discussed.     

一种新型ZOC智能化测压系统

介绍一种国内最新的智能测压系统,这是一个模块化、小型化的电子压力自动扫描系统。它包括电子扫描阀、工作传感器组合、标准传感器、自动校准单元、放大电路、A/D转换、采样接口及单片微机系统。用它可以实现多点压力的实时数据采集与处理、实时对传感器的零点(Z)、工作点(O)、及标准点(C)等状态进行自动转换,并实时地对传感器的零点、灵敏度、线性度、温漂、时漂等误差进行自动补偿与修正。 对该系统的原理、结构特点及实验结果分析进行了简要叙述。这种系统测量精度高、自动化程度高,特别适用于航空发动机试车台及风洞试验中的压力测量与处理。     

Performance evaluation of multi-sensor classification systems

A common problem in classification is to use one/more sensors to observe repeated measurements of a target's features/attributes, and in turn update the targets' posterior classification probabilities to aid in target identification. This paper addresses the following questions: 1. How do we quantify the classification performance of a sensor? 2. What happens to the posterior probabilities as the number of measurements increase? 3. Will the targets be classified correctly? While the Kalman filter allows for off-line estimation of kinematic performance (covariance matrix), a comparable approach for studying classification accuracy has not been done previously. We develop a new analytical approach for computing the long-run classification performance of a sensor and also present recursive formulas for efficient calculation of the same. We show that, under a minimal condition, a sensor will eventually classify all targets perfectly. We also develop a methodology for evaluating the classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems involving sensors of varying quality. The contributions of this paper are 1. A simple metric to quantify a sensor's ability to discriminate between the targets being identified, and its use in comparing multiple sensors, 2. An approximate formula based on this metric to compute off-line estimates of the rate of convergence toward perfect classification, and the number of measurements required to achieve a desired level of classification accuracy, and 3. The use of this metric to evaluate classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems.     

机载燃油密度传感器高低温静态试验技术

为了验证航空机载燃油密度传感器在高温燃油和低温燃油中的燃油密度测量精度，运用阿基米德原理对高低温静态验证试验技术进行了研究。设计和提出了一种新的高精度航空机载燃油密度传感器高低温静态试验装置和方法。研究结果表明：试验装置密度测量系统的测量最大误差为-0.077%，符合试验装置测量精度为受试品测量精度4倍及以上的规定（受试品测量精度为0.4%）。结果通过了C919总体设计单位和美国Parker公司的评审，能可靠地验证航空机载燃油密度传感器在高温燃油和低温燃油中的燃油密度测量精度，为航空机载燃油密度传感器工程应用和装机试飞提供了试验数据支撑。     

Using built-in-test to reduce TPS run times and improve TPSreliability

This paper addresses using information derived from Built-in-Test (BIT) to fault diagnose Units Under Test (UUTs), wherever possible. This philosophic approach to diagnostic testing is not new. It has been studied over the past 20 years under the visor of “Integrated Diagnostics”, but it has yet to be truly implemented in a “real life” military diagnostic test environment. The mindset of Test Program Set design engineering, along with customer and contractor management alike, remains “complete diagnostic testing based upon single catastrophic component failure modes”. If we are to generate cost efficient Test Program Sets (TPSs) under reduced military budget constraints, this will have to change! The test engineer must be encouraged to use methodologies to speed up development time and decrease TPS run times. Using present technology, this is possible now, and as the technology matures, will become a truly viable approach in the future. For the purpose of this paper, the author relies heavily on his extensive US Navy Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Test Program Set (TPS) experience, as well as on previous studies performed on using BIT to fault diagnose Unit Under Test failures on US Naval Air weapon systems     

The Mercury Laser Altimeter Instrument for the MESSENGER Mission

The Mercury Laser Altimeter (MLA) is one of the payload science instruments on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission, which launched on August 3, 2004. The altimeter will measure the round-trip time of flight of transmitted laser pulses reflected from the surface of the planet that, in combination with the spacecraft orbit position and pointing data, gives a high-precision measurement of surface topography referenced to Mercury’s center of mass. MLA will sample the planet’s surface to within a 1-m range error when the line-of-sight range to Mercury is less than 1,200 km under spacecraft nadir pointing or the slant range is less than 800 km. The altimeter measurements will be used to determine the planet’s forced physical librations by tracking the motion of large-scale topographic features as a function of time. MLA’s laser pulse energy monitor and the echo pulse energy estimate will provide an active measurement of the surface reflectivity at 1,064 nm. This paper describes the instrument design, prelaunch testing, calibration, and results of postlaunch testing.     

An automated test approach for US Air Force fighter engines

In an effort to support the Air Force's new F-22 Fighter aircraft with its dual F119-PW-100 jet engines, a new approach has been taken to realize the benefits of automated jet engine testing. This paper describes an automated test approach that is currently under development and will be used by the Air Force to test the F119 jet engine; It also identifies; the equipment, methods and techniques that are being employed to accomplish this task     

基于FPGA的捷联惯组数据采集系统设计与实现

惯性器件性能的好坏直接决定了武器系统的性能,惯性器件的测试工作需要专门的脉冲采集系统来实现,本文介绍了一种基于FPGA的新型惯组脉冲采集系统,通过选用XC3S1000-4FGG676I芯片轻松实现了多路脉冲信号、交直流电压量以及温度传感器信号采集,抗干扰措施的采用有效地保证了该系统的稳定性和可靠性,经过大量的试验考核目前已经正式运用于捷联惯组的单元测试过程中。     

Flyable fiber-optic radar target generator

Airborne radar relies on Built-in-Test (BIT) for fault detection, fault isolation and system calibration. The capability of BIT is often limited by space, weight, size and cost considerations. Furthermore, the radar does not have a test target that will allow BIT to perform in flight, closed-loop functional test of the complete radar system. This paper describes a fiber-optic based radar test target unit that provides a delayed replica of the transmitted radar signal. The unit will intercept a small amount of radar-transmitted energy, delay it in the fiber, then feed it back into the radar producing a calibrated “echo” at a predetermined radar range. The unit can be installed as part of the airborne radar. The details on the design and testing of a proof-of-concept unit are also given     

基于时间测量的加速度敏感方法

国际单位制共有7个基本单位，时间就是7个基本单位之一，是目前能够实现的测量精度最高的一个物理量。因此，将加速度的测量转化为时间的测量，是实现加速度高精度检测的有效途径。首先，介绍了基于时间测量的加速度敏感原理。然后，介绍了基于该敏感原理的加速度传感器研究进展。最后，进行了基于时间测量的加速度计精度的定性和定量分析。理论分析和实验证实表明，加速度精度极限与时间分辨率之间成正比关系。     

基于行为逻辑的平流层飞艇试验自动测试方法

平流层飞艇飞行试验之前需在地面开展测试以保证飞艇测控、安全控制等关键分系统功能正常和全系统长时工作可靠。通过研究平流层飞艇的系统结构组成、功能以及控制逻辑,给出了平流层飞艇测试行为逻辑和测试行为;在此基础上,构建了试验测试模式和测试流程,给出了试验测试系统实现方法,确定了测试系统中测试程序功能的实现方式。最后,通过平流层飞艇试验测试实施验证了自动测试方法的有效性。     

基于某机载视频部件智能检测系统的设计与实现

检测系统是检测产品功能、性能以及产品是否能满足用户需求的重要测试工具,机载计算机技术指标的测试从准确度、覆盖率以及稳定性、可靠性方面对其检测系统提出了更高要求。原始的视频信号检测需使用视频图像和测量工具相结合的方法进行,不易于故障定位及维修。主要阐述了基于某机载视频部件的智能检测系统的设计和实现,突破了原始的视频信号检测方法,检测系统通过对5种不同格式的视频信号进行自动检测,显示出详细全面的测试信息,实现了检测系统对被测件的智能检测,使得检测系统的故障覆盖率、准确度得到保证。该检测系统已成功运用于某机载视频部件,且性能稳定可靠,同样适用于其它机载设备中同类产品的检测。     

基于变分分割模型的结冰冰形测量方法

结冰冰形是结冰风洞试验中关注的要素之一,针对其冰形测量问题,提出了一种基于变分图像分割技术的非接触测量方法。基本思路是对翼型结冰俯视图像进行图像分割,将获得的曲线标定后与翼型数模结合,得到最终结冰冰形。为了排除结冰图像中不相干物体和因素的干扰,更精确获取结冰冰形,提出了选择分割的思想,构造了区域特征函数,建立了新的能量函数。采用所提基于变分分割模型的测量方法,对结冰风洞试验冰形进行了测量,并定量分析了方法的误差,测试了方法的抗噪声能力。结果表明该方法对结冰冰形的测量是准确可行的,且具有较高的精度,另外,其对噪声具有鲁棒性。所提方法可推广至其他与物体形状相关的测量中。     

旋转轮盘热态弹塑性应力测试技术

文中着重介绍了旋转轮盘中高温弹塑应变—应力测量的基本原理、测试方案、主要技术环节的处理以及测试数据处理与误差分析等内容。提出了轮盘进入塑性状态的鉴别方法、在塑性状态下求出割线模量和横向变形系数的方法等。测量精度较为满意。为工程应用、理论分析提供了具有实用价值的测试技术和参考依据。      

MESSENGER Mission Overview

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, launched on August 3, 2004, is nearing the halfway point on its voyage to become the first probe to orbit the planet Mercury. The mission, spacecraft, and payload are designed to answer six fundamental questions regarding the innermost planet: (1) What planetary formational processes led to Mercury’s high ratio of metal to silicate? (2) What is the geological history of Mercury? (3) What are the nature and origin of Mercury’s magnetic field? (4) What are the structure and state of Mercury’s core? (5) What are the radar-reflective materials at Mercury’s poles? (6) What are the important volatile species and their sources and sinks near Mercury? The mission has focused to date on commissioning the spacecraft and science payload as well as planning for flyby and orbital operations. The second Venus flyby (June 2007) will complete final rehearsals for the Mercury flyby operations in January and October 2008 and September 2009. Those flybys will provide opportunities to image the hemisphere of the planet not seen by Mariner 10, obtain high-resolution spectral observations with which to map surface mineralogy and assay the exosphere, and carry out an exploration of the magnetic field and energetic particle distribution in the near-Mercury environment. The orbital phase, beginning on March 18, 2011, is a one-year-long, near-polar-orbital observational campaign that will address all mission goals. The orbital phase will complete global imaging, yield detailed surface compositional and topographic data over the northern hemisphere, determine the geometry of Mercury’s internal magnetic field and magnetosphere, ascertain the radius and physical state of Mercury’s outer core, assess the nature of Mercury’s polar deposits, and inventory exospheric neutrals and magnetospheric charged particle species over a range of dynamic conditions. Answering the questions that have guided the MESSENGER mission will expand our understanding of the formation and evolution of the terrestrial planets as a family.     

Multi-Target Tracking in Clutter without Measurement Assignment

When tracking targets using radars and sonars, the number of targets and the origin of data is uncertain. Data may be false measurements or clutter, or they may be detections from an unknown number of targets whose possible trajectories and detection processes can only be described in a statistical manner. Optimal all-neighbor multi-target tracking (MTT) in clutter enumerates all possible joint measurement-to-track assignments and calculates the a posteriori probabilities of each of these joint assignments. The numerical complexity of this process is combinatorial in the number of tracks and the number of measurements. One of the key differences between most MTT algorithms is the manner in which they reduce the computational complexity of the joint measurement-to-track assignment process. We propose an alternative approach, using a form of soft assignment, that enables us to bypass this step entirely. Specifically, our approach treats possible detections of targets followed by other tracks as additional clutter measurements. It starts by approximating the a~priori probabilities of measurement origin. These probabilities are then used to modify the clutter spatial density at the location of the measurements. A suitable single target tracking (STT) filter then uses the modified clutter intensity for updating the track state. In effect, the STT filter is transformed into an MTT filter with a numerical complexity that is linear in the number of tracks and the number of measurements. Simulations show the effectiveness of this approach in a number of different multi-target scenarios.     

多喷口喷流对侧向喷流流场影响的风洞试验研究

侧向喷流控制研究一个很重要的目的在于了解、掌握喷流与来流的干扰,寻找提高喷流控制效率的方法,不同截面多喷流同时工作便是其中一种。多喷流同时作用时,下游喷流会受到上游喷流的影响,与直接来流干扰现象不同,控制效率不同。针对这种情况,φ1m高超声速风洞从测压租测力两方面进行了多喷口喷流对侧向喷流控制影响的风洞试验研究。试验采用锥柱模型,喷管均位于同一母线上,喷管数目为单喷和三喷。结果表明：上游喷流的低压区会影响下游喷流,当喷流数目增加时,喷流与来流的干扰与多个单喷的叠加完全不同。