中国载人航天推进技术发展设想

回顾了航天大国运载火箭及推进技术发展历程,重点分析了美国、俄罗斯等国航天运载器推进技术的发展现状和后续发展思路。通过对当前世界主流运载火箭的构型特点和推进技术水平的对比和发展趋势总结,对中国未来发展载人航天运载器和先进推进技术的主要方向提出了建议。     

基于自适应控制的近空间高超声速飞行器研究进展

综述了高超声速飞行器数学建模与自适应控制技术。在概述典型数学模型基础上，着重概述了模型参考自适应控制、浸入-不变集非线性自适应控制、自适应动态面反步控制、自适应滑模控制、自适应模糊滑模控制和神经网络自适应控制等多种自适应控制技术在高超声速飞行器中的应用与研究。对高超声速飞行器自适应容错控制技术现状，自适应控制在高超声速飞行器飞行测试中的应用情况进行概述。总结了高超声速飞行器的当前研制项目和技术现状，重点展望了若干种鲁棒非线性自适应控制技术。与已有综述相区别，重点概述自适应控制在解决高超声速飞行器鲁棒、稳定、切换、协调等关键控制问题的研究进展。     

国外固体运载火箭主动力系统发展研究

统计了近10年来欧洲、日本、美国的固体运载火箭发射情况,系统分析了这些火箭使用的固体发动机性能参数,梳理了其发展脉络。这些国家和地区固体运载火箭主动力系统低成本的技术思路、模块化的发展方向、自动化的生产条件、完备的寿命评估体系,能够为我国运载火箭固体动力系统现阶段的使用、改进,以及未来的发展、规划提供参考和借鉴。     

未来大规模低成本进入空间路径研究（英文）

The objective of this study is to identify the requirements of access to space for the future, the required methodology, key technologies and international cooperation mode. Firstly, the mission requirements and the challenges of current technologies to access to space are analyzed and summarized. The solutions and related key technologies to realize large-scale and low-cost access to space(L2 AS) are presented here, including the low-cost design of expendable launch vehicles and a reusable space transportation system, interface standardization, and new conceptual launchers. The mission modes based on launch vehicles to realize L2 AS and three future international collaboration modes are presented. Lastly, the relevant conclusions and suggestions are given.     

两级运载火箭回收方案设想

文章通过对K—1运载火箭的回收方案进行分析研究,提出回收质量分别为10t和20t的两级运载火箭的回收方案设想。文章指出,根据现有的回收技术水平,对运载火箭的回收是完全可行的。     

高超声速飞行器起飞质量的解析估算

基于火箭助推的发射方式,推导出弹道式飞行器、高超声速助推-滑翔飞行器及高超声速助推-巡航飞行器的起飞质量与航程、燃料比冲和载荷之间的解析关系,为总体设计初期快速估算飞行器起飞质量提供了方法。基于此,比较了3种飞行器的起飞质量载荷比。结果表明,助推-巡航飞行器性能最优,助推-滑翔飞行器性能居中,弹道式飞行器的性能最差。     

A Delphi-Based Framework for systems architecting of in-orbit exploration infrastructure for human exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit

The current debate in the U.S. Human Spaceflight Program focuses on the development of the next generation of man-rated heavy lift launch vehicles. While launch vehicle systems are of critical importance for future exploration, a comprehensive analysis of the entire exploration infrastructure is required to avoid costly pitfalls at early stages of the design process. This paper addresses this need by presenting a Delphi-Based Systems Architecting Framework for integrated architectural analysis of future in-orbit infrastructure for human space exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. The paper is structured in two parts.     

The economics of large orbital communications systems

This paper examines the economics of a very large satellite in geostationary orbit. Present day charges for satellite transponders are used to show that the seemingly high cost of this type of platform is rapidly repaid. Several orbit locations are selected on the basis of current usages and a satellite is configured with the power and mass requirements identified. Costs for the total space segment of a large platform are extrapolated using established cost histories of both satellites and launch vehicles. It is shown that the original investment is repaid in less than three years. After this time, the platform continues to earn revenue.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器助推-巡航轨迹优化

针对吸气式高超声速巡航飞行器建立了纵向平面内的二维轨迹优化模型(包括火箭助推段和吸气式飞行段),其中大气模型、气动力模型和发动机模型均建立了比较详细的模型,能够比较全面、准确地描述吸气式高超声速巡航飞行器的特征;基于配点法建立了适用于高超声速巡航飞行器助推-巡航轨迹优化的方法,在求解非线性规划时引入了规范化处理、稀疏分析和偏导数计算方法等,以提高优化效率;对吸气式高超声速飞行器助推-巡航轨迹进行了优化研究,分析了典型设计参数变化对最优轨迹的影响。仿真结果表明:所建立的方法能够快速、高精度求解吸气式高超声速巡航飞行器轨迹优化问题,并且能够方便地分析设计参数变化对最优轨迹的影响,可用于吸气式高超声速飞行器飞行剖面设计与优化。     

Technical Feature Analysis of the LM-5 Overall Plan

The Long March 5(LM-5) launch vehicle is China's new generation heavy-lift rocket with the largest payload capacity,representing the highest standard of China's current launchers.It took 10 years to develop the LM-5 launch vehicle.On November 3,2016,the LM-5 carrier rocket blasted off from the Wenchang satellite launch center on Hainan Island,achieving a successful maiden flight.During the development of the LM-5 rocket,the engineering team accumulated abundant experience on developing heavy-lift cryogenic rockets and established a thorough research and development system for new generation launch vehicles,which significantly raised the ability for launcher RD.     

智能优化算法及其在飞行器优化设计领域的应用综述

在对国内外相关文献进行系统研究的 基础上,阐述了飞行器优化设计领域应用较为广泛的几种智能优化算法的基本原理,分析了 算法的优缺点和改进方法,总结了算法在飞行器轨迹、气动和控制等学科优化设计中的应用 情况。同时,文章对在飞行器优化设计领域应用刚刚起步,但较有发展前景的智能优化算法的 特点和应用情况进行了概述。最后,对智能优化算法在飞行器优化设计领域应用的未来研究 方向进行了分析。
     

面向控制的高超声速飞行器动力学特性分析

对于弹性机体/发动机一体化设计的高超声速飞行器,其高度复杂的动力学特性使得飞行控制研究具有挑战性。本文分析了高超声速飞行器独特的动力学特性,研究其对飞行控制系统设计的影响。基于模态分析结果,推导了关键动力学特性的解析描述,揭示出其潜在的物理机理,评估了其对控制系统稳定性和性能的影响。具体而言,研究了静不稳定性和非最小相位行为对控制带宽的约束,以及弹道/姿态大滞后特性。分析了控制/结构耦合对控制系统稳定性的影响,并给出传感器配置准则。     

Ares V launch vehicle: An enabling capability for future space science missions

NASA's planned Ares V cargo launch vehicle offers the potential to completely change the paradigm of future space science mission architectures. Future space science telescopes desire increasingly larger telescope collecting aperture. But, current launch vehicle mass and volume constraints are a severe limit. The Ares V greatly relaxes these constraints. For example, while current launch vehicles have the ability to place a 4.5 m diameter payload with a mass of 9400 kg on to a Sun-Earth L2 transfer trajectory, the Ares V is projected to have the ability to place an 8.8 m diameter payload with a mass of approximately 60,000 kg on to the same trajectory, or 180,000 kg into Low Earth Orbit. Also the Ares V could place approximately 3000 kg (13,000 kg with a Centaur upper stage) on to a trajectory with a C3 of 106 km²/s², arriving at Saturn in 6.1 years without the use of gravity assists. This paper summarizes the current planned Ares V payload launch capability.     

基于变质心控制的再入飞行器机动能力分析

变质心控制作为一种新颖的控制方式,可克服传统再入飞行器气动舵等控制方案存在的舵面烧灼等弊端,它通过主动移动飞行器内部若干个质量块,可以有效调整飞行器的姿态并实现飞行器的姿态和机动控制.本文在推导变质心再入飞行器动力学方程的基础上,对该动力学方程进行了必要的简化,从而得到了变质心再入飞行器纵平面内的动力学和运动学方程,并计算得到质量块不同行程下飞行器可产生的法向过载大小.本文的研究对于变质心再入飞行器控制系统的设计提供了必要的理论参考依据.     

基于PXI总线技术的运载火箭测试发射控制系统研究

简要介绍了PXI总线技术的发展情况,阐明了PXI技术的优越性及其在军事航天领域应用的重要意义。参考现有产品资料,设计了基于PXI总线技术的运载火箭测试发射控制系统的硬件组成和软件框架。该技术的应用将进一步推动运载火箭测试发射系统的智能化、通用化和小型化,从而提高运载火箭的整体性能。     

固体运载火箭的技术特点与研制规律分析（英文）

Solid-propellant and liquid-propellant launch vehicles have their own characteristics, both playing an important role in space transportation systems of space powers. This paper reviews and summarizes the development history of solid-propellant launch vehicles, and analyzes their technical characteristics including multiple stages, large payloads, complex separation, diverse operation modes, fast response, and mission adaptability as well as unique advantages in launch activities. This paper analyzes and proposes four development laws for solid-propellant launch vehicles, including improving comprehensive performance, infusing heritage with innovation, unitization and seriation, and optimizing power systems. Finally, this paper proposes the opportunities and challenges faced by solid-propellant launch vehicles based on market demands.     

基于序列近似优化算法的固体运载火箭弹道设计

采用打靶法研究固体运载火箭弹道优化设计问题。针对打靶法中智能优化算法效率、优化问题中约束条件提法等方面的不足,引入序列近似优化算法,提出算法中径向基函数高斯核宽度的高效确定方法。数值仿真实验表明,提出的方法可在基本不带来计算量增加的前提下,显著提高代理模型精度,使序列近似优化算法得到改进,提高优化效率。设计固体运载火箭飞行程序。建立弹道优化设计问题数学模型,并将模型中相关等式约束合理转化为不等式约束,降低优化问题求解难度;基于改进后的序列近似优化算法完成某固体运载火箭弹道优化,原始计算模型调用308次之后便搜索到最优解,较传统智能优化算法显著提高了优化效率,优化方案末助推级液体推进剂消耗比原方案减少25.7%。     

一种通用型箭载数据采集传输设备的设计与实现

本文结合国内外运载型号的发展趋势，梳理现役火箭遥测系统的应用需求，实现了一种基于VPX（新一代高速串行总线标准）总线架构的通用型箭载数据采集传输设备设计方案，对其关键技术如结构标准化技术、总线通用化技术、模块化技术等进行了重点分析。该方案对箭上设备的系统架构状态进行统一，大幅度提升设备的性能、集成度和通用性，满足型号未来应用需求，在航天领域具有广阔的发展前景。本文最后给出了该通用型箭载数据采集传输设备相比现役产品的优势。     

The Development Characteristics and Trends of Heavy Launch Vehicles

Heavy launch vehicles represent the ability of a country to enter space and utilize space resources. In re-cent years, with the growth in human space exploration, the major aerospace powers and companies in the world areplanning to develop heavy launch vehicles. This study analyzes the development of heavy launch vehicles in the world,reviews the characteristics of China's heavy launch vehicle serial configuration, and then proposes common points anddevelopment trends of future heavy launch vehicles in the world.     

Launch vehicles and the commercial uses of outer space : The underlying economic issues

This article discusses the economics of the demand for and supply of launch vehicles. Demand is derived from both commercial and governmental uses of space, while the supply of launch vehicles is determined by governmental needs which are rarely based on economic criteria alone. Multipurpose launches such as the Space Shuttle should be viewed as a national resource instead of a profit-seeking venture. Because of the mixing of government and private uses for space vehicles, traditional economic analysis provides only a starting point for policy decisions.