磁尾等离子片中偶极化锋面的数值模拟研究

利用守恒型TVD格式对8波模型磁流体方程组进行数值模拟, 对磁尾中偶极化锋面的物理和演化特性进行研究. 构建了由BBF类型通量管机制产生的偶极化锋面数值模拟模型, 该模型由磁尾平衡模型、亚暴增长相模型和亚暴触发及BBF形成模型三部分组成. 数值模拟结果很好地再现了磁尾中BBF类型通量管机制产生的偶极化锋面特性. 伴随着高速 流的出现, 磁场B_z分量呈非对称双极变化结构, 即锋面前减小为负值, 在锋面上急剧增大. 当B_z增大到极大值后回落并趋于稳定. 随着偶极化锋面伴随地向高速流向地球运动, 偶极化锋面上B_z的变化越来越小.      

熔模精铸件凝固过程温度场的数值模拟

根据熔模精密铸造过程的传热特点,通过对铸型/环境边界及冒口/环境边界进行自然对流和辐射传热处理,改进了原有数值模拟系统,实现了对熔模铸造凝固过程温度场的数值模拟.对采用4种不同铸造工艺方案的阀体铸件凝固过程进行了数值模拟及缺陷预测,获得了与试验相一致的模拟结果.根据数值模拟结果,确定了进行批生产的铸造工艺方案.     

相变材料熔化过程中自然对流振荡现象数值计算研究

为了解自然对流对相变材料熔化过程的影响,对相变材料液相区自然对流振荡现象进行了研究,建立了固/液相统一的控制方程,采用焓-孔隙度法和Boussinesq假设,模拟了重力条件下熔化过程,结果表明:当瑞利数(Ra)较小时,液相自然对流具有稳定解,随着Ra数增大,自然对流从稳定流动向周期振荡过渡。     

Mathematical simulation of impurity distribution in space processing experiments with semiconductors

The effect of natural convection in the melt on impurity distribution is investigated by numerical simulation in the case of uniaxial growth of semiconductor crystals at low gravity conditions.     

贮箱内低温推进剂汽化过程的CFD数值仿真

为研究贮箱内低温推进剂相变对推进剂温度和贮箱压力的影响,对贮箱内的传热传质过程进行了仿真.仿真涉及的物理过程包括贮箱与外界环境的换热、推进剂的自然对流、推进剂与贮箱内壁面的换热以及低温推进剂的相变过程等.根据热力学平衡原理建立了低温推进剂相变模型,使用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic)方法对处于地面常压停放状态的液氢贮箱进行了450 s的仿真.研究表明随着贮箱壁面传热过程的稳定,推进剂的温度分布、流动状态以及相变情况会趋于稳定;通过仿真获得了推进剂单位时间的汽化量;影响相变的主要因素是贮箱壁面漏热以及推进剂自身的对流运动.     

Bifurcation analysis of ion-acoustic waves for Schrödinger equation in nonextensive Solar wind plasma

Bifurcation analysis of ion-acoustic wave (IAWs) solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) is explored for the first time in an electron-ion (e-i) magnetized solar wind plasma. The existence of ion-acoustic (IA) periodic, superperiodic, kink, antikink, compressive and rarefactive solitary wave solutions are revealed. Special values of Solar wind plasma parameters at a normalized distance from the Sun are considered for numerical simulation. The IA wave solutions are derived analytically. These solutions are analyzed numerically considering the influence of parameters, namely, wave number (k), velocity (V) of traveling wave and nonextensive parameter (q). Computational simulation reveals that only IA periodic wave grows in amplitude as waves moves from the Sun.     

感应式脉冲等离子体推力器技术综述

摘要： 综合文献及作者研究实践,介绍了感应式脉冲等离子体推力器的原理和特点.从国外研究机构与项目、推力器组件和系统集成实验、工作机理数值仿真等方面,总结和评述了达到的技术状态与认识.最后梳理了面临的技术挑战,提出了可能的解决途径.     

Low-altitude field-aligned currents used to diagnose plasma distribution and magnetic topology in the outer magnetosphere

Field-aligned currents (FAC) can be used to determine changes in the total plasma content (TPC) of convecting flux tubes. The observed steady-state FAC system is combined with the observed equipotential pattern to determine contours of TPC as mapped to the ionosphere. Criteria for a qualitative mapping of the FAC, equipotentials and TCP contours along magnetic field lines to the equatorial plane are set up and the result is shown in figure 3. Some interesting features are: (1) There is a considerable distortion, which is most obvious near midnight, due to the existence of FAC; (2) There is a dusk to dawn component of convection across the tail; (3) The reversal of this component in the pre-midnight quadrant produces the Harang discontinuity. A discussion of time-dependent flows suggests that both plasma depletion associated with FAC and neutral lines may be necessary in a substorm expansion. Between substorm expansions, convection is faster than FAC-produced collapse of flux tubes. Finally it is pointed out that the current and electric field are probably not parallel in the tail, requiring a rethinking of tail models.     

磁场重联的二维粒子模拟研究

利用二维全粒子模拟方法研究了无碰撞等离子体中的磁场重联过程，得到了不同区域的离子和电子速度分布．计算结果表明，电子和离子在扩散区中的不同动力学特性产生的Hall电流使磁场的y分量By呈现四极形分布．离子和电子的速度分布偏离了初态时的Maxwell分布，呈现非局域的多重分布．同时由于磁场重联而产生的电场使电子在X点附近得到加速和加热，因而在电子的能谱分布中形成-高能尾。     

Theoretical aspects of ionosphere-magnetosphere-solar wind coupling

We initially review magnetospheric plasma distributions emphasising the explanative power of the open model of the magnetosphere. Next we turn attention to the role of MHD wave phenomena both as transients and as standing structures in the coupled flow system. Finally the physics of the magnetopause flux transfer events is discussed. The logic of the existing interpretation suggests a miniature twin vortex convection system should be created in part of the polar cap ionosphere magnetically connecting to the magnetopause flux tube.     

Two-dimensional convection in liquid layer related to crystal growth techniques in space

In this paper, the Marangoni convection including buoyancy convection in two-dimensional fluid model was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The transparent liquid in the test cell was heated and cooled under various conditions. The fluid flow driven by surface tension and by buoyancy force was visualized and measured. The flow patterns, velocity distributions and temperature field were obtained and they were compared with the results of the numerical solutions. The effect of the configuration and the convection in microgravity on crystal growth was discussed. The temperature field of the crystallizing surface was predicted.     

SST-DES在小分离流动数值模拟中的改进

在基于剪切应力运输（SST,Shear Stress Transport）分离涡模拟（DES,Detached Eddy Simulation）应对小分离流动的数值模拟中,上游雷诺平均方法（RANS,Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes）区域内较大的涡黏性通过对流扩散方程传递到下游大涡模拟方法（LES,Large Eddy Simulation）区域,导致自由剪切层解析湍流解迟迟得不到发展,剪切层失稳延后,出现强烈的灰区效应。为此将SST-DES中体现LES求解的类亚格子模式重新构造成标准k方程亚格子模式,防止多变量在RANS和LES交界面处对湍流黏性系数的混合影响,最终得到了一种改进的SST-DES方法。采用该方法对AS239翼型小分离数值模拟并与DES和延迟分离涡模拟（DDES,Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation）结果进行对比,可以看出该方法在壁面边界层保留了SST-DDES特性的同时,在尾迹区大大提高了LES的可解能力,显著降低了灰区的影响。     

相变储热/辐射器式热沉的传热特性研究

对一种用于舱外活动的相变储热/辐射器式热沉进行了实验研究和数值模拟.设计了相变储热器的实验件和实验方案,进行了储热器的冷却实验.建立了具有导热与对流换热耦合边界的相变储热器数学模型,模型中考虑了自然对流及空穴的影响.编制了相变储热器的性能分析计算程序.通过实验值与计算值的比较分析,验证了程序的可靠性.该模型及计算程序为相变储热器的设计和优化提供了有利的分析工具.     

实践十号卫星蒸发对流箱地面科学实验结果分析

实践十号卫星蒸发对流实验旨在研究置于加热底板的蒸发液滴在相变过程中,表面蒸发与表面张力驱动对流的耦合机理及其不稳定性.为与空间实验结果进行对比,利用蒸发对流箱完成在轨工况的科学匹配实验,获得相应工况的地面科学数据、工程参数及实验图像.通过对地面科学匹配实验结果进行分析,得到不同工况下液滴形貌（体积、表面积、接触角、液滴高度、液滴直径）变化规律,以及液滴蒸发过程中温度、热流量、蒸发速率和蒸发流量的变化规律.依据实验结果分析研究了具有质量交换的复杂流体相变界面的热质传输规律.      

基于改进多模型的火星大气进入自适应估计方法

针对火星进入过程中大气密度等不确定参数对导航系统状态估计精度的影响,提出了一种基于改进混合专家框架的多模型自适应估计方法。该方法对进入过程中不同的测量信息进行规范化处理,以克服传统多模型自适应估计方法稳定性差、数值下溢等固有缺陷,进一步提高状态估计精度。将其应用于火星不同进入探测方式下的导航场景进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:该方法在动力学系统模型参数存在不确定扰动时能获得精确的状态估计,可以满足未来定点着陆探测对导航系统的精度需求。     

Neutral atmosphere and crustal magnetization as factors determining differences in plasma convection and magnetic fields distribution in the ionospheres of Mars and Venus

The pattern of the magnetic field/plasma convection can be, to some extent, recovered from the magnetic field measurements by employing either theoretical or numerical models. We use the MAG/ER day-time measurements of the magnetic field at the altitudes from 90 to 180 km during the elliptical orbits of MGS. Analysis of the altitude variation of the characteristics of the large-scale magnetic fields, which were measured some distance away from strong crustal magnetic anomalies, is summarized. The low density of the Martian atmosphere together with the crustal magnetization result in critical differences in plasma convection which are followed by remarkable differences of the magnetic field features within the ionosphere of Venus and Mars (even in its northern hemisphere where the crustal magnetization is, on the average, low) and distribution of currents.     

Numerical modeling of the pulsar wind interaction with ISM

Time dependent numerical simulation of relativistic wind interaction with interstellar medium was performed. The winds are ejected from magnetosphere of rotation powered pulsars. The particle flux in the winds is assumed to be isotropic. The energy flux is taken as strongly anisotropic in accordance with prediction of the MHD theory of the relativistic winds. The modeling has been performed for the wind magnetization in the range 3 × 10⁻³–10⁻¹. The numerical solutions reproduce the most spectacular features observed in the central part of plerions: toroidal structure and jet-like features. Increase of the wind’s magnetization results in decrease of the size of the synchrotron nebula.     

等离子推进无人机的电空气动力学研究

针对一种新兴的等离子推进无人机概念开展其电空气动力学研究，并通过数值仿真论证等离子推进系统作为无人机主推力系统的可行性。等离子推进无人机的飞行原理是利用一种非对称高压电极组电晕放电实现空气电离，并通过高压电场实现离子加速，从而产生推力推动无人机飞行。相比于传统无人机，等离子推进无人机具有较低机械疲劳、飞行噪音小和能量利用效率高的优点。本文完成了等离子推进无人机组成设计，并对单等离子推进器和等离子推进无人机整体电空气动力学进行了理论研究和数值仿真。单等离子推进器数值仿真结果表明，随着工作电压的升高，单位长度推进器所能产生的推力单调递增。且在相同施加电压情况下，等离子推进器电极间隙越小，所能产生的推力越大。等离子推进无人机飞行仿真结果表明，通过优化等离子推进器结构，施加足够高的电极组电压，等离子推进无人机能够实现稳定飞行。     

Modelling and observations of photospheric magnetic helicity

Mounting observational evidence of the emergence of twisted magnetic flux tubes through the photosphere have now been published. Such flux tubes, formed by the solar dynamo and transported through the convection zone, eventually reach the solar atmosphere. Their accumulation in the solar corona leads to flares and coronal mass ejections. Since reconnections occur during the evolution of the flux tubes, the concepts of twist and magnetic stress become inappropriate. Magnetic helicity, as a well preserved quantity, in particular in plasma with high magnetic Reynolds number, is a more suitable physical quantity to use, even if reconnection is involved.     

微重力下相变储能单元融化过程数值模拟

为探究微重力环境中,通过肋片强化了传热的相变储能单元中相变材料融化过程,通过数值模拟方法探究了微重力作用时相变材料融化过程中传热特性。通过地面实验与重力作用下数值模拟结果对比验证数值模拟方法的准确性,对比重力和微重力作用2种情况下数值模拟结果以揭示微重力环境中相变材料融化过程的特性。结果表明,当相变储能单元受微重力作用时,相变材料融化速率明显下降,热量主要通过热传导传递,融化的相变材料从顶端膨胀溢出向空间扩散,局部低温区域在相变储能单元中上部。