ADS-B数据链应用技术的综合评述（二）

(续上期)五、ADS-B技术的应用现状(一)欧洲ADS-B的应用发展2004年5月,欧洲空管局EUROCONTROL发布了欧洲实施新航行技术的政策,制定了一个CASCADE实施计划,该计划有两大     

中南地区ADS-B技术应用的实践与思考

引言广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是一种空管监视技术,国际民航组织(ICAO)将ADS-B确定为未来空管监视技术发展的主要方向,我国民航局空管局也大力推动ADS-B技术在国内的应用,并制     

新型钝头体返回舱空投试验总体技术研究

<正>“阿尔忒弥斯”1任务于2022年8月29日实施,正式拉开了美国重返月球的序幕,这次飞行试验也是美国登月飞船“猎户座”(Orion)和“航天发射系统”(SLS)组合体的首秀。美国近年来大力发展多种新型载人航天器,按照其发展规划,除美国航空航天局(NASA)的“猎户座”载人飞船外,还有商业乘员发展计划(CCDev)中的多个载人飞船项目,包括太空探索技术(SpaceX)公司的“龙”(Dragon)飞船、波音公司的“星际航线”(Starliner)和蓝源公司的“新谢泼德”(New Shepard)等。     

ADS-B在洛阳机场的应用

ADS-B(自动相关监视广播)系统,是基于卫星定位和地/空数据链通信的航空器运行监控技术。ADS-B系统应用于无雷达地区的远程运行监视,与传统的雷达监视技术相比,ADS-B技术具有使用成本低,精度误差小,监视能力强等明     

美国洲际弹道导弹的现代化计划

1981年10月,美国总统里根宣布了美国战略力量现代化的全面规划。该规划的核心是总统提出的克服美国陆基洲际弹道导弹越来越明显的缺点的建议”。规划要求“和平维持者”导弹(即 MX 导弹)在1986年具备初     

三种ADS-B技术比较及基于1090ES的ADS-B在成都-九寨的应用

ADS-B（广播式自动相关监视）技术经过多年的发展，已经相对比较成熟，可以提供多种服务，如在无雷达覆盖地区提供ATC监视，机场场面监视及未来空一空监视等应用服务。中国西部地区地势情况复杂，不可能用传统的一二次雷达对整个区域进行覆盖。随着空中交通流量的迅猛增长，对空管监视能力及服务水平的要求不断提高，ADS-B技术在中国民航未来空管监视系统中的地位将越发重要。下面将首先介绍三种ADS-B技术，随后介绍基于1090ES的ADS-B在成都九寨的应用。     

转型下的美军空间力量发展

美国从1997年明确“军事转型”以来，相继制定了一系列重要的军事空间力量发展规划，如美国空军航天司令部(AFSPC)于1998年公布的《长期规划——2020年设想》(43称《2020设想》)以及分别于2001年和2003年公布的《2004财年及以后战略主导规划》和《2006财年及以后战略主导规划》(简称《2004规划》和《2006规划》)。这些规划从作战概念、作战任务领域的思路提出了美军的空间力量结构，《2006规划》还进一步明确提出美军必须实现军事能力向空间转型，要分阶段、有重点地发展“空间力量增强、空间对抗、空间力量运用和空间支持”等武器装备，确保美军空间作战能力的优势地位，以获得“全谱”优势。     

高密度数字记录——简介ISO/TC97/SC12 N291文件

一、前言七十年代,高密度数字记录(HDDR)在工业发达的西方国家得到了迅速发展,并在航空、航天、遥感等领域获得广泛应用。1972年美国无线电公司(RCA)发表了“多道磁带记录器系统的设计研究报告”;1975年美国安     

美国航宇局未来的航天发射系统

许多年来,美国航宇局(NASA)、其它政府部门和宇航工业界一直在制定具有成本低、使用方便和安全可靠等优点的未来航天运输工具的研制计划和射前处理方案。1990年12月,“美国航天计划之未来咨询委员会”(奥古斯廷委员会)建议“国家必须转向发展新的革命性技术,以建立更为强有力的、能够大大降低费用的载人与不载人航天器发射手段。”它建议“NASA立即制定一项坚实的计划,以研制一种可渐进发展、虽不载人但改进后     

弹道导弹突防NMD系统的战略思考

2002年12月11日,美国总统布什在白宫发表声明,正式宣布了美国部署国家导弹防御系统的计划,以防大规模杀伤性武器造成“灾难性破坏”。这是几十年来,美国弹道导弹防御计划的转折点,标志着这一计划进入实施阶段。2003年5月20日,美国政府公布了“弹道导弹防御国家政策”。该政策强调美国有必要发展导弹防御系统,以防止敌对国家和恐怖主义分子对美国可能发动的生化武器和核武器袭击。明年开始部署的导弹防御系统只是美国加强国家防御政策的“一个开始”,“美国将不会有一个最后的固定导弹防御体系”。发展NMD系统是美国跨世纪的一项战略决策,…     

Summary of medical investigations in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions.

The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions are discussed. Their basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration. The investigations have demonstrated no direct correlation between inflight or postflight physiological reactions of crewmembers and flight duration. In all likelihood, this can be attributed to the fact that special exercises done inflight efficiently prevented adverse effects of weightlessness. However, human reactions to weightlessness need further study. They include negative calcium balance and anemia as well as vestibulo-autonomic disorders shown by crewmembers at early stages of weightlessness. Attention should be given to psychological, social-psychological and ethical problems that may also limit further increase in flight duration.     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

U.S. prebreathe protocol

This paper identifies and describes the prebreathe protocol currently used by the U.S. Space Shuttle Program to provide astronauts the capability to safely perform extravehicular activity. A comparison of planned vs actual prebreathe experience through the STS-37 Mission is also provided.     

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems based on the C.E.B.A.S. biotechnology

Most concepts for bioregenerative life support systems are based on edible higher land plants which create some problems with growth and seed generation under space conditions. Animal protein production is mostly neglected because of the tremendous waste management problems with tetrapods under reduced weightlessness. Therefore, the “Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System” (C.E.B.A.S.) was developed which represents an artificial aquatic ecosystem containing aquatic organisms which are adpated at all to “near weightlessness conditions” (fishes Xiphophorus helleri, water snails Biomphalaria glabrata, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the rootless non-gravitropic edible water plant Ceratophyllum demersum). Basically the C.E.B.A.S. consists of 4 subsystems: a ZOOLOGICASL COMPONENT (animal aquarium), a BOTANICAL COMPONENT (aquatic plant bioreactor), a MICROBIAL COMPONENT (bacteria filter) and an ELECTRONICAL COMPONENT (data acquisition and control unit). Superficially, the function principle appears simple: the plants convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis thus producing biomass and oxygen. The animals and microorganisms use the oxygen for respiration and produce the carbon dioxide which is essential for plant photosynthesis. The ammonia ions excreted by the animals are converted by the bacteria to nitrite and then to nitrate ions which serve as a nitrogen source for the plants. Other essential ions derive from biological degradation of animal waste products and dead organic matter. The C.E.B.A.S. exists in 2 basic versions: the original C.E.B.A.S. with a volume of 150 liters and a self-sustaining standing time of more than 13 month and the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE with a volume of about 8.5 liters. In the latter there is no closed food loop by reasons of available space so that animal food has to be provided via an automated feeder. This device was flown already successfully on the STS-89 and STS-90 spaceshuttle missions and the working hypothesis was verified that aquatic organisms are nearly not affected at all by space conditions, i . e. that the plants exhibited biomass production rates identical to the ground controls and that as well the reproductive, and the immune system as the the embryonic and ontogenic development of the animals remained undisturbed. Currently the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODLULE is prepared for a third spaceshuttle fligt (STS-107) in spring 2001. Based on the results of the space experiments a series of prototypes of aquatic food production modules for the implementation into BLSS were developed. This paper describes the scientific disposition of the STS-107 experiments and of open and closed aquaculture systems based on another aquatic plant species, the Lemnacean Wolffia arrhiza which is cultured as a vegetable in Southeastern Asia. This plant can be grown in suspension culture and several special bioreactors were developed for this purpose. W. arrhiza reproduces mainly vegetatively by buds but also sexually from time to time and is therefore especially suitable for genetic engineering, too. Therefore it was used, in addition, to optimize the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE to allow experiments with a duration of 4 month in the International Space Station the basic principle of which will be explained. In the context of aquaculture systems for BLSS the continuous replacement of removed fish biomass is an essential demand. Although fish reproduction seems not to be affected in the short-term space experiments with the C.E.B.A.S. MIMI MODULE a functional and reliable hatchery for the production of siblings under reduced weightlessness is connected with some serious problems. Therefore an automated “reproduction module” for the herbivorous fish Tilapia rendalli was developed as a laboratory prototype. It is concluded that aquatic modules of different degrees of complexity can optimize the productivity of BLSS based on higher land plants and that they offer an unique opportunity for the production of animal protein in lunar or planetary bases.     

DR.Q.SCIENCE QUEST

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A 6 D.O.F. opto-inertial tracker for virtual reality experiments in microgravity.

Gravity plays a role in many different levels of human motor behavior. It dictates the laws of motion of our body and limbs, as well as of the objects in the external world with which we wish to interact. The dynamic interaction of our body with the world is molded within gravity's constraints. The role played by gravity in the perception of visual stimuli and the elaboration of human movement is an active research theme in the field of Neurophysiology. Conditions of microgravity, coupled with techniques from the world of virtual reality, provide a unique opportunity to address these questions concerning the function of the human sensorimotor system. The ability to measure movements of the head and to update in real time the visual scene presented to the subject based on these measurements is a key element in producing a realistic virtual environment. A variety of head-tracking hardware exists on the market today, but none seem particularly well suited to the constraints of working with a space station environment. Nor can any of the existing commercial systems meet the more stringent requirements for physiological experimentation (high accuracy, high resolution, low jitter, low lag) in a wireless configuration. To this end, we have developed and tested a hybrid opto-inertial 6 degree-of-freedom tracker based on existing inertial technology. To confirm that the inertial components and algorithms will function properly, this system was tested in the microgravity conditions of parabolic flight. Here we present the design goals of this tracker, the system configuration and the results of 0g and 1g testing.     

美国高超声速技术飞行器

介绍了美国正在开展的猎鹰计划及该计划的目标、组成和各组成部分的任务目标。重点介绍了该计划下研制的高超声速技术飞行器(HTV)。此外,还对HTV所涉及的关键技术进行了总结。