导弹飞向目标的一种仿真方法

本文在可控质点系弹道计算分析的基础上,应用最大似然法确定导弹总体、气动和控制装置的随机偏值的统计量,建立了一种仿真导弹射击目标飞行器的数学模拟打靶的随机方法。为了达到较好的仿真效果,除了在弹道计算中考虑目标机动飞行外,并在参数向量中引入了目标机动的随机偏差。利用本文提出的状态误差修正协方差矩阵,在推广卡尔曼滤波中估计导弹与目标之间的最佳极坐标,可以减小导弹的脱靶量.     

基于脱靶量数据的发射系航迹参数求解方法

针对当前海态巡航飞行试验末段外测无法跟踪测量的实际问题,基于现有脱靶量测量系统,建立了利用某脱靶量测量数据到发射系的转换模型。此模型将脱靶量测量数据统一到发射系航迹中,有利于航迹分析工作。并建立了转换结果的误差估计模型,误差模型充分考虑了脱靶量测量误差、靶船定位误差以及靶船航向角误差。利用仿真数据对转换模型及误差模型进行了计算验证。结果表明,位置误差满足精度要求。该方法对延拓外测处理时段具有积极意义。     

网络攻击下无人机信息物理系统的自适应状态估计

针对网络攻击下无人机信息物理系统(CPS)的安全状态估计问题,提出了一种基于自适应方差极小化的递推状态估计器(AVMRE)。通过将针对控制输入和传感器数据的恶意攻击分别建模为状态和量测方程中的未知干扰项,建立了未知干扰解耦状态递推估计器,实现滤波误差中的量测未知干扰解耦,利用滤波残差设计自适应调整因子对估计误差上界进行极小化,应用最小方差估计准则求解出算法中的量测增益反馈矩阵。同时引入事件触发机制,使得系统在保持一定估计精度的情况下节省通信资源。此外,给出了滤波误差指数有界性的充分条件。无人机飞行模型仿真验证了本文算法相比传统算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于零控脱靶量的大气层外拦截中制导研究

针对大气层外拦截中段采用耗尽关机固体燃料发动机的情况,设计了基于零控脱靶量的鲁棒中制导律。推导了系统状态转移矩阵,通过数值方法求解得到考虑地球扁率J2摄动项的拦截器零控脱靶状态,在此基础上将推力分解到视线方向和垂直视线方向,并根据垂直视线方向需要速度增量大小设计了推力分配比例系数,使得推力方向平稳变化且能快速减小系统的零控脱靶量。仿真表明,所设计的中制导律简单、可靠,便于工程实现,能有效提高拦截精度,并对发动机工作参数具有较强的鲁棒性。     

单向单信道脱靶量指示器的测量误差模型

本文给出了基于电波多卜勒效应测量脱靶距离的误差模型。在实际执行任务中,可根据该模型以及各种误差源的精度设计指标或实际测试结果,估计测量误差,以便从总脱靶量中分离出脱靶量指示器的误差。     

状态噪声与测量噪声方差的自适应序贯估计

本文将Jazwinski的状态噪声方差的估计推广到测量系统是多维的、状态噪声协方差矩阵不再是纯量,而是对角矩阵情况下的状态噪声方差的估计,同时可得到测量噪声协方差阵和状态向量估计,从而形成自适应滤波。     

一种估计舰空导弹脱靶量的方法

文章研究了利用舰空导弹引信多普勒频率估计脱靶量的方法。首先,将脱靶量估计表示为多普勒频率第一层低频小波系数的非线性最小二乘拟合问题,并统计验证了拟合方法的有效性;然后,通过小波多尺度分解分析了多普勒频率野值的识别准则,并给出了野值去除的具体步骤,经仿真验证该方法满足导弹试验要求。     

火炮首发命中率试验脱靶弹数据处理方法

通过对出现脱靶弹情况下的散布特征参数估计方法进行研究,建立正态双边截尾样本均值和方差估计数学模型,并给出了数值计算方法,为火炮武器系统首发命中概率试验脱靶提供了理论依据。     

鲁棒EKF在脉冲星导航系统中的应用

针对脉冲星导航系统的滤波问题,传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法存在不能克服系统模型存在不确定性参数以及乘性噪声等缺陷,提出一种鲁棒EKF算法。首先,分析了状态预测误差方程和估计误差方程,利用统计学原理,得到了状态预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵计算等式。由于系统模型存在不确定性参数,状态预测协方差矩阵和状态估计协方差矩阵无法计算;因此,利用4个重要矩阵不等式,分析并找到预测方差矩阵和状态估计方差矩阵的上界。最后,利用状态估计误差协方差矩阵上界设计状态增益矩阵,使得状态估计协方差矩阵的迹最小。将该算法对脉冲星导航系统进行仿真,仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

利用雷达数据事后确定机动式再入目标的弹道

本文研究出一种利用雷达跟踪数据事后分析确定机动式再入目标的气动参数的技术。本技术使用了加权最小二乘序贯估计器,该估计器在各批处理数据中依次步进移动。观测值为来自分布在落点附近精密跟踪雷达的角度和距离数据。用六维估计器(三维位置和三维速度)来估计再入目标自由飞行段的状态。本文还导出了两种再入估计器:第一个是七维估计器,包括六维自由飞行参数加上一个弹道系数,用来估计弹道再入段的状态,第二个是九维机动再入目标估计器,一旦有机动发生就用这种估计器。研究出一种基于测量残差监视的算法,可以自适应地从六态估计器转换成七态估计器,再到九态估计器。进行了一系列数值仿真,检验了这种技术及其编程。利用蒙特卡罗仿真验证了估计器的协方差矩阵的精度。     

A joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law for multi-missile salvo attack

Salvo attacking a surface target by multiple missiles is an effective tactic to enhance the lethality and penetrate the defense system. However, existing cooperative guidance laws in the mid-course or terminal course are not suitable for long- and medium-range missiles or stand-off attacking. Because the initial conditions of cooperative terminal guidance that are generally generated from the mid-course flight may not lead to a successful cooperative terminal guidance without proper mid-course flight adjustment. Meanwhile, cooperative guidance in the mid-course cannot solely guarantee the accuracy of a simultaneous arrival of multiple missiles. Therefore, a joint mid-course and terminal course cooperative guidance law is developed. By building a distinct leader-follower framework, this paper proposes an efficient coordinated Dubins path planning method to synchronize the arrival time of all engaged missiles in the mid-course flight. The planned flight can generate proper initial conditions for cooperative terminal guidance, and also benefit an earliest simultaneous arrival. In the terminal course, an existing cooperative proportional navigation guidance law guides all the engaged missiles to arrive at a target accurately and simultaneously. The integrated guidance law for an intuitive application is summarized. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can generate fast and accurate salvo attack.     

空地导弹滑模制导方法研究

针对空地导弹的制导规律设计问题,给出了滑模制导方法,建立了纵向平面内的弹-目相对运动方程。基于滑模控制理论,设计了空地导弹的制导规律,以同时保证脱靶量和弹道倾角要求,并针对固定目标,给出了相对距离和相对速度的解算方法,介绍了针对移动目标的相对距离和相对速度估算方法。仿真结果表明,该制导方法具有较高的制导精度,并且满足弹道倾角约束。     

Differential-game-based guidance law using target orientation observations

Modern 4th generation air-to-air missiles are quite capable of dealing with today's battlefield needs. Advanced aerodynamics, highly efficient warheads and smart target acquisition systems combine to yield higher missile lethality than ever. However, in order to intercept highly maneuverable targets, such as future unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAV), or to achieve higher tracking precision for missiles equipped with smaller warheads, further improvement in the missile guidance system is still needed. A new concept is presented here for deriving improved differential-game-based guidance laws that make use of information about the target orientation, which is acquired via an imaging seeker. The underlying idea is that of using measurements of the target attitude as a leading indicator of target acceleration. Knowledge of target attitude reduces the reachable set of target acceleration, facilitating the computation of an improved estimate of the zero-effort miss (ZEM) distance. In consequence, missile guidance accuracy is significantly improved. The new concept is applied in a horizontal interception scenario, where it is assumed that the target maneuver direction, constituting a partial attitude information, can be extracted via processing target images, acquired by an imaging sensor. The derivation results in a new guidance law that explicitly exploits the direction of the target acceleration. The performance of the new guidance law is studied via a computer simulation, which demonstrates its superiority over existing state-of-the-art differential-game-based guidance laws. It is demonstrated that a significant decrease in the miss distance can be expected via the use of partial target orientation information.     

基于变结构控制理论的航向平面导引规律设计

基于变结构控制理论．针对小型水面机动目标，设计了一种新的导弹航向平面导引律．并对导引律中所需要的目标运动信息给出了估算方法。由于导弹的动态特性对脱靶量有较大影响，为此．本文还研究了导弹动态特性补偿的方法。仿真结果表明．在导弹的动态响应特性较好的情况下，该导引律能提供很高的命中精度；在导弹的动态响应特性很差的情况下，对动态特性补偿后，仍可得到很高的命中精度。     

Robust guidance for electro-optical missiles

A robust guidance law is presented which renders zero miss distance (ZMD) against deterministically or randomly maneuvering targets for all missile parametric uncertainties. Since the resulting guidance controller is a phase-lead network, it is mainly suitable for systems characterized by moderate glint levels such as electro-optical missiles. The structured uncertainties in missile dynamics are modeled by interval transfer functions. It is first shown that for the nominal case, when the total missile transfer function is positive real, ZMD can be obtained. When uncertainties are considered, the problem becomes design of a guidance controller which renders a family of transfer functions positive real. A new algorithm for the design of such controllers is proposed. An example illustrating a typical design procedure for a nonlinear real-life missile model is given, showing the simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed robust guidance. The main conclusion of this work is that the newly developed guidance law performs well against highly maneuvering targets and may be a suitable alternative to optimal guidance laws in low-glint systems.     

自适应严格收敛非奇异终端滑模制导律

针对机动目标的末制导拦截问题，设计了一种带终端角度约束的有限时间收敛终端滑模制导律。首先，分析了现有非奇异终端滑模制导律存在的滑模面不能严格有限时间收敛的问题，进而构造了一种新型的非奇异终端滑模面。其次，设计了一种对目标机动上界的自适应估计，提出了一种自适应严格收敛非奇异终端滑模制导律的设计方法。最后，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论，证明了设计的制导律能够使得制导系统在有限时间内收敛到零，并且保证了滑模面在收敛过程中不存在非收敛因子，是严格有限时间收敛的。仿真实验验证了该制导律能够有效地拦截机动目标，同时和与现有的非奇异终端滑模制导律以及基于转换滑模面的非奇异制导律相比，拦截时间更短，终端攻击角度精度更高，导弹机动消耗的能量更少。     

基于ANSYS概率分析的导弹结构可靠度计算

针对导弹结构的材料性能、载荷环境、几何尺寸等参数不确定性的影响,基于ANSYS概率设计系统,提出了利用ANSYS概率分析功能对导弹进行结构可靠性分析的方法。通过建立某型导弹同体发动机推进剂药柱的极限状态方程,采用蒙特卡洛模拟随机载荷和固体推进剂药柱初始强度来获取推进剂药柱的可靠度。该方法能有效地计算贮存、飞行等环境条件下的导弹结构可靠性。     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance laws against stationary and maneuvering targets

This paper presents the cooperative strategies for salvo attack of multiple missiles based on the classical proportional navigation(PN) algorithm.The three-dimensional(3-D) guidance laws are developed in a quite simple formulation that consists of a PN component for target capture and a coordination component for simultaneous arrival.The centralized algorithms come into effect when the global information of time-to-go estimation is obtained, whereas the decentralized algorithms have better performance when each missile can only collect information from neighbors.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed coordination algorithms are feasible to perform the cooperative engagement of multiple missiles against both stationary and maneuvering targets.The effectiveness of the 3-D guidance laws is also discussed.     

舰艇摇荡对舰载导弹飞行参数影响的分析

提出了分析导弹飞行参数受舰艇摇荡影响问题的思路,给出了导弹飞行参数在舰艇摇荡条件下的变化模型,反映了影响作用的本质,并给出了实际的仿真结果及分析结论。     

二阶弹体特性下带终端角度约束的制导律

针对导弹要求限制终端攻击角度以发挥战斗部的最大效能,提出了一种适用于攻击地面固定目标的具有终端角度约束的最优制导律,并和已有的具有终端角度约束的最优制导律进行了比较。该制导律针对二阶弹体特性,采用最优控制方法,使导弹在命中目标的同时,满足终端角度约束。数字仿真结果表明,所提出的制导律能够实现终端角度约束条件,具有较高的制导精度。