一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计方法

针对现有频率估计算法存在的复杂度高、频率估计能力弱、估计结果均方差大等缺点,在固定迭代AM（Aboutanios—Mulgrew）无偏频率估计算法基础上,提出一种频域插值变化迭代频率估计算法,推导了不同迭代参数实现无偏估计的充分条件,证明了有偏估计时本算法的收敛性和偏离度,通过设置不同迭代参数,可以实现无偏或有偏估计。仿真分析表明：当具有较高信噪比时,在整个频率估计范围内,该方法均方误差接近CRLB（Cramer-RaoLowerBound,克拉美一罗下限）;当FFT（FastFourierTransform,快速傅里叶变换）粗估计残余频率接近0．5时,该方法的均方误差优于CRLB,为CRLB的96％。     

Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

自相关回归法在地震地面运动功率谱分析中的应用

本文通过数值分析，对几个著名的地震记录的功率谱ARM解的特性作了讨论，并与高速富里衰变换（FFT）法的解进行了比较，讨论了ARM应用于各类地震记录的谱分析的适用性。比较结果表明：对于不同的地震记录，其功率谱的ARM解等价于按一定谱窗宽度平滑化的FFT法解。本研究还对赤池氏推荐的自相关回归次数的经验公式提出了修正意见。本研究的成果对于高层建筑抗震设计有一定的参考价值。     

线性插值方法在某型航空发动机模型控制器设计中的应用

采用线性插值算法,根据已知点的精确模型求取包线内任1点的发动机模型；应用Z-N整定经验公式,对插值点进行了PID控制器设计；使用simulink进行了建模仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器控制效果良好。     

一种改善GNSS弱信号动态跟踪性能的FFT鉴频方法

基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）鉴频器的GNSS弱信号跟踪技术可以有效改善城市峡谷环境的行人导航,然而现有的复数平方FFT （SFFT）鉴频器在车载等较高动态应用中弱信号跟踪性能大幅度下降。本文提出了一种在保证弱信号跟踪灵敏度的前提下,能显著提高动态性能的FFT鉴频方法——非相干FFT鉴频器（NonCoh-FFT）。首先,介绍了SFFT鉴频器和NonCoh-FFT鉴频器的结构原理;然后,从理论上分析了两者的灵敏度和动态性能;最后,基于GNSS信号模拟器产生的静态和动态场景,对比测试验证了SFFT和NonCoh-FFT性能。结果表明,NonCoh-FFT可以明显提高GNSS弱信号动态性能,与理论分析吻合。     

Microprocessor Matched Filtering of Emergency Chirp Signals

A microcomputer matched filter solution is suggested for identifying emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signals from aircraft in distress. A sliding fast Fourier transform (FFT) with adjustable delay covers all permissible ELT sweep rates. The sweep rate for optimum response is retained for signal classification purposes. An additional nonsliding FFT is used to test for the possible presence of monotone modulation in the frequency range of the ELT, and an additional uncorrelated test helps establish a background reference level for positive ELT identiflcation.     

A Quantitative Study of Pitfalls in the FFT

The effects of aliasing (including pseudoaliasing), picket-fence effect, and leakage in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) are presented. A computer program was written to perform the FFT analysis of known inputs. The program has the capability of detecting aliasing by calculating an "aliasing coefficient" (Q), and will increase the sampling frequency and the number of points in the input sequence if aliasing occurs. The term "pseudoaliasing" is a phenomenon which is similar to aliasing (or fold-over) but related to the effects of picket fence and leakage. The "leakage coefficient" (ri) is a quantitative measure of the deviation from the fundamental frequency component with respect to the sampling frequency, when the input sequence has only one frequency component.     

基于自适应陷波滤波器的伺服系统谐振频率估计及抑制

在使用陷波滤波器抑制伺服系统机械谐振时,需要获取准确的机械谐振频率。为了快速检测出谐振频率,提出了一种基于自适应陷波滤波器(ANF)的机械谐振频率估计算法,通过速度误差信号分析,实现谐振频率在线快速辨识。首先,建立柔性连接伺服系统模型；然后,对ANF频率估计算法进行分析,并且与常用的快速傅里叶变换(FFT)频率检测算法的分析精度和计算速度进行对比。数值比较和仿真验证表明,ANF频率估计算法可以更快地实现谐振频率的精确检测。最后搭建试验平台,以ANF频率估计的结果作为陷波器的中心频率,成功实现了电机转速振荡的抑制,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Low-Level Signal Detection Using a New Transform Class

A system is developed to detect tracks crossing two-dimensional noise fields. This is accomplished by filtering and integration of signal power in the frequency domain of a new class of generalized transforms which include the FFT and FBT as limiting forms. If the track is essentially parallel to a transform axis and if filters are derived from hard-limited linear approximations to tracks, the FBT offers considerable hardware economy over the FFT in the mechanization algorithm.     

406 MHz ELT signal spectra for SARSAT

The signal format and spectral properties of the 406-MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) used in the search and rescue satellite aided tracking (SARSAT) system are examined. The ELT improves location estimate accuracies and can relay information about the particular aircraft and its problem, by means of the digitally modulated message fields. It is shown that due to the RF signal frequency characteristics and the Doppler shift, processing must be performed over a frequency band of approximately 25 kHz. Through the use of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), the frequency spectrum of the ELT is analyzed, taking account of effects due to noise, multiple simultaneously received signals, and Doppler shift. It is demonstrated that the FFT provides an effective means for detecting and recognizing the presence of one or more ELT signals over this 25-kHz frequency band. Some recommendations are made to improve the spectral characteristics and the performance of the ELT     

利用实乘子实现快速FFT算法研究

引入实乘子的算法代替传统复乘子来实现快速傅立叶变换。给出了该实乘子算法的详细推导过程,结合同址计算的原理给出了算法流程。并列出了此算法与传统的DFT算法的运算量的比较,看出此算法的高效性。指出了该算法在调频引信变频处理中的重要应用。     

Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application toCOSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results     

基于相位差分的雷达信号参数估计方法

由于接收信号长度有限而存在频率离散化采样的限制,FFT(Fast Fourier Transform,快速傅里叶变换)对雷达信号频率的估计精度会降低。基于相位差分的频率估计方法可以对这一偏差进行估计,从而减小FFT的估计误差。尝试将该方法应用于LFM(Linear Frequency Modulated,线性调频)信号带宽的估计问题,并对此进行了仿真验证,结果证明该方法对雷达信号频率和带宽估计有一定的应用价值。     

GPS软件接收机的捕获与跟踪算法

研究了GPS软件接收机的捕获与跟踪算法。分析了时域串行滑动相关捕获算法和频域基于FFT的并行相关捕获算法,设计了适合GPS软件接收机的并行算法,实现了对空中可见卫星的捕获。针对GPS信号的特点,设计了基于DLL与PLL相结合方法的GPS跟踪算法。利用实测中频信号对上述捕获与跟踪算法进行了验证分析,测试结果表明,基于FFT的并行相关捕获算法能够有效增强软件接收机的捕获能力,采用DLL与PLL相结合的方法能够实现对GPS信号的有效跟踪。     

利用FFT方法分析自旋目标RCS变化周期

提出了分析自旋稳定目标RCS（雷达反射截面积）变化周期的FFT（快速傅里叶变换）模型,并分段对特定的多个同类型目标做了算例分析,显示出相对其他目标,自旋稳定目标在起旋前频谱能量主要集中在极低频（0.5Hz以下）;在起旋后,除了在极低频部分有集中的能量,在某些频点附近可能会出现相对比较集中的能量。最后给出了该自旋稳定目标RCS变化周期的量化结果和适用性结论。     

固体发动机压强-时间曲线中燃烧时间的确定

以固体推进剂燃烧公式为基础，采用计算力学中的数值积分及插值法，并利用计算机技术，研究了用燃烧室药柱的实际肉厚，确定固体火箭发动机试验曲线中燃烧时间的新方法，在点火发动机中应用的结果表明，此方法解决了试验曲线数据处理结果散布范围较大的问题，提高了燃速预估的准确性。     

Multichannel Recovery of Quadrature Components of Bandpass Signals

The problem of sampling signals maintaining the theoretically minimum (average) sampling rate and allowing a separate interpolation is considered from a general point of view. The formulation will follow a recently published method for multichannel sampling; this way there is the advantage of working with functions depending only on the frequency and not on time and frequency as in other approaches. This simplifies the general expressions and the determination of separation conditions. Under the assumption of nonsingularity of certain matrices, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a separate interpolation and discuss them. Finally, an especially important case is considered as an example.     

基于小波包分析的转子振动信号故障特征提取研究

针对处理转子振动故障时,FFT等传统方法不能很好地分析同一频率下不同类型故障并发的复杂信号的情况,提出采用小波包分析的方法并分离故障特征向量。通过对比FFT与小波包分析方法,可以明显看出小波包分析的先进性和有效性。     

提高CCD分辨力算法研究

对现有的一种提高CCD分辨力的算法进行了改进,并结合CCD的结构给出了高分辨力重建的计算公式。仿真试验说明:改进后的权重插值算法优于原先的算法,最后用平均梯度进行了性能评价。     

三维曲面插值在发动机涡轮叶片有限元温度场计算中的应用

利用拉格朗日插值法建立了工程实际应用中的三维曲面插值模型,解决了利用有限元的方法进行发动机涡轮叶片温度场计算的边界条件问题。