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空天飞行器盖板式热防护系统(TPS)中存在支架热短路、缝隙辐射热短路问题。用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对这两种情形进行了热分析,结果表明,在再入段典型热载荷下,机体蒙皮各局部的最高温度值相差最大超过100K,机体蒙皮存在局部烧坏的危险。在热防护系统中加入了具有控制热流走向功能的散热片后,结果显示,支架热短路中蒙皮最高温度降低了90.18K,降幅达17.32%,板间缝隙底部最高温度降低了67.97K。在蒙皮局部烧坏危险点上方,散热片很好地控制了热流走向,使热量得到面内方向的分散,机体蒙皮温度分布更加均匀,局部烧坏问题得到了改善。 相似文献
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Al_2O_3纤维在空间充气式气动阻尼结构中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章分析了空间充气式气动阻尼结构(IADS)柔性热防护系统(TPS)的性能、特点和结构,及Al2O3纤维的性能,通过介绍美国充气式气球伞、充气式回收飞行器、充气阻尼式再入飞行器的TPS,对Al2O3纤维在IADS中的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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目前,高超声速飞行器结构热防护设计中,一般采用CFD软件计算得到流体域气动网格节点上的热流,而采用固体结构网格进行隔热瓦厚度设计。这两组网格界面上的节点数和节点位置相差很大,因此设计中需要进行不同网格之间的热流(载荷)数据传递。另外,在不同的飞行轨道工况下,飞行器各个部位的热流–时间曲线也不相同。为了设计出能满足所有轨道工况要求的隔热瓦,就需要对每个结构网格点拟合出一条能代表最严酷工况的热流–时间包络曲线。文章基于常体积转换法(CVT)进行改进,提高热流插值转换计算效率,提出拟合包络载荷曲线的新方法,大大减少了计算工作量;最后通过算例对提出的方法进行了验证。 相似文献
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为了解高超声速再入时气动热载荷对充气式减速器柔性结构的影响,文章基于松散耦合方法开展了极端热载荷工况下的耦合数值研究。文章首先建立了流固耦合和热固耦合两种模型,分别对比研究了气动力和气动热两种气动载荷对蒙皮结构的影响。结果表明,气动热对结构的影响远大于气动力,在高超声速再入时应重点考虑。之后研究了气动热载荷下充气式减速器防热层各功能层温度分布,结果表明,绝热层隔热效果最为显著,绝热层导热系数增大一倍,内部最高温度升高21.7%,热变形最大值升高10.7%。上述成果为充气式减速器的设计提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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复合材料结构航天器静电防护特性相对于金属材料结构航天器而言呈现出较大差异。文章针对新型天地往返无人航天器,研制了高温条件下材料电阻率测试专用探头和测试系统,并从材料静电特性、静电防护设计等方面开展了复材结构航天器静电特性研究。结果表明:作为冷结构的碳纤维复合材料属于导静电型材料,可以满足防静电需要;在航天器地面着陆后,可通过导静电轮胎将飞行器冷结构上的静电释放至大地,实现对航天器着陆后的静电防护;采用局部静电消除的方法,可消除热防护绝缘材料上的静电,将航天器热防护材料表面静电降低至安全范围内,保证再入返回着陆后人员的操作安全。 相似文献
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讨论了研制中国载人飞船舷窗防热和密封结构的几个技术难题:1)保证舷窗在返回的高温环境中防热与密封可靠;2)保证窗玻璃材料与周围防热材料烧蚀同步,避免出现局部干扰热流;3)进行多种异质材料,包括透明材料组成的复杂结构温度场的分析计算;4)通过地面模拟试验准确地预测实际飞行条件下舷窗的防热与密封性能。文章阐述了解决这些难点的主要方法和结果。神舟一号至神舟六号的飞行成功表明,舷窗结构的防热和密封性能良好,同时,也给舷窗防热与密封设计技术做了多次飞行验证。 相似文献
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Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes. 相似文献
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B Capdepuy F Leleu F Boursereau P Parrot B Bailly J.B Riti J.L Cornu 《Acta Astronautica》1997,41(12):825-831
High temperature composites have been extensively developed in order to produce thermal protection systems of reusable re-entry vehicles and launchers. This development effort covers all aspects including sizing, design, manufacturing processes characterization, non destructive inspection, and all industrial facilities which have also been installed. Strong interest recently appeared for these materials to meet requirements for different space applications. In particularly, for more stringent optical payloads, new materials with high performance requirements have appeared. In the field of high dimensionally stable structures for telescopes, materials have to meet severe requirements, such as low coefficients of thermal expansion, good specific modulus, long-term stability (moisture and chemical insensitivity), etc. Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites can meet these specifications. To demonstrate this capability a structure has been designed, manufactured and will be submitted for complete testing (work supported by ESA/ESTEC). The main available results (part feasibility, characterizations, analysis and stability performance budgets) are presented. For future telescope mirrors, silicon carbide is already known as a good candidate. However, an innovative concept based on silicon carbide sandwich honeycomb technology, which allows optimized design, has been developed. The first characterization results and manufacturing capabilities are presented. 相似文献
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再入返回式航天器飞行过程中,在轨温度交变环境下防热结构胶接热应力一直是航天器可靠性设计的关注內容恼乱浴爸忻芏确廊炔牧?硅橡胶-金属“”的胶接结构作为对象,针对典型的低地球轨道温度交变环境,选取±100℃/5个循环环境作为分析条件,用ANSYSWorkbench建立了结构有限元分析模型,考察了不同胶层厚度对于结构热应力及热变形的影响。基于有限元计算结果、热应力理论及胶接工艺分析,给出了温度交变环境下防热结构的胶层厚度设计结果.该有限元模型分析方法可为防热结构热匹配特性研究和设计提供基础依据。 相似文献
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热防护系统分区协调耦合推进方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出一种适用于热防护系统(TPS)热控性能研究的分区协调耦合推进方法,其中采用有限体积法(FVM)进行气动热分析,FVM空间离散采用NND格式,而结构传热采用有限元法(FEM)进行分析,且在耦合面采用基于控制面的双向映射插值方法进行数据传递。进行了圆管算例分析,2 s时刻驻点处温度计算值与试验值相对误差为4.95%。研究了空天飞行器头锥TPS的热控性能,非耦合方法获得的防热瓦和应变隔离垫(SIP)最高温度分别比耦合结果高114.4 K和32.6 K,这是由于非耦合方法未考虑壁面温度升高对气动热的反馈作用,而耦合方法充分考虑了此影响。采用高热辐射率的涂层、低导热系数和较厚的防热瓦能有效提高热防护系统的隔热性能和降低主动冷却系统的功率和重量,而防热瓦最高温度对其导热系数和厚度不敏感。 相似文献
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Silica-based aerogel is an ideal thermal insulator with a makeup of up to 99% air associated with the highly porous nature of this material. Polyurea cross-linked silica aerogel (PCSA) has superior mechanical properties compared to the native aerogels yet retains the highly porous open pore network and functions as an ideal thermal insulator with added load-bearing capability necessary for some applications. Room temperature vulcanizing rubber-RTV 655—is a space qualified elastomeric thermal insulator and encapsulant with high radiation and temperature tolerance as well as chemical resistance. Storage and transport of cryogenic propellant liquids is an integral part of the success of future space exploratory missions and is an area under constant development. Limitations and shortcomings of current cryogenic tank materials and insulation techniques such as non-uniform insulation layers, self-pressurization, weight and durability issues of the materials used, has motivated the quest for alternative materials. Both RTV 655 and PCSA are promising space qualified materials with unique and tunable microscopic and macroscopic properties making them attractive candidates for this study. In this work, the effect of PCSA geometry and volume concentration on the thermal behavior of RTV 655—PCSA compound material has been investigated at room temperature and at a cryogenic temperature. Macroscopic and microscopic PCSA material was encapsulated at increasing concentrations in an RTV 655 elastomeric matrix. The effect of pulverization on the nanopores of PCSA as a method for creating large quantities of homogeneous PCSA microparticles has also been investigated and is reported. The PCSA volume concentrations ranged between 22% and 75% for both geometries. Thermal conductivity measurements were performed based on the steady state transient plane source method. 相似文献
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空间温度场对平面反射镜面形影响研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于传热学基本理论,给出了潜望式激光通信终端二维转台在轨运行过程中的传 热控制方程,分析了二维转台的温度场分布,得出了不同材料反射镜在轨运行过程中温度场 随时间变化规律和升交点时刻的热形变分布。分析过程中二维转台外表面采取氧化处理,没 有采用其他温控措施,分析结果表明,对于四种不同材料反射镜,激光通信终端在轨运行一 个轨道周期的时间内,SiC材料温度波动范围最小,并且温度不均匀性也最小,因此SiC材料 是潜望式激光通信终端反射镜的可选材料。对于SiC反射镜,升交点时刻俯仰轴反射镜的温 度不均匀性最大,达到0.93℃。反射镜采用椭圆周上六点螺钉固定的方式时, 俯仰轴反射镜面形RMS值达到2.25μm,这将对光束指向产生影响,进而影响系统性能。 本文的研究内容对潜望式激光通信终端反射镜材料选择和温控措施的采取有一定参考价值。
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基于多学科设计优化算法的再入轨迹优化设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的再入轨迹优化问题通常是在气动外形和质量等总体参数给定的情况下建立起来的。所设计的最优轨迹从飞行力学的角度来看是最优的,但从系统角度来看未必是最优的。在总体初步设计阶段,考虑气动外形和质量等其他学科影响的再入轨迹优化对于提高RLV的系统性能无疑具有重要意义。此时再入轨迹优化将是一个静态,动态多学科混合优化问题。以球头双锥的升力体构型RLV为例,以最小化热防护系统质量和最大横向机动距离为指标,采用两种典型的多学科优化算法来研究考虑气动外形、轨迹和热防护系统三个学科的再入轨迹优化设计问题。仿真结果表明多学科优化算法能够用来求解静态,动态多学科混合优化的再入轨迹优化设计问题,是RLV初步外形设计和任务轨迹规划的重要工具。 相似文献
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气凝胶是一种由胶粒或者聚合物单体相互聚合构成的具有三维网络骨架的固体纳米材料,具有超低密度、低热导、高比表面积和高孔隙率等优异性能。气凝胶材料的孔隙率在90%以上,且气凝胶材料内部的介孔结构使得气凝胶具有极佳的隔热性能。同时,气凝胶材料的低热导率和高耐温性可以让其在高温下仍能保持良好的三维纳米网络结构,不会发生高温烧结现象。因此,气凝胶材料在轻质耐高温防隔热材料领域得到了广泛关注。本文重点介绍了耐高温气凝胶隔热防护材料耐温性能研究及发展现状,且对耐高温气凝胶隔热防护材料的发展进行了展望。 相似文献