电子束焊接TC4整体叶盘结构的变形控制

基于电子束焊接方法,探讨了TC4钛合金整体叶盘结构电子束焊接过程中的变形控制方法,提出了综合应用焊接工艺优化、刚性固定、真空热处理和电子束局部加热相结合的变形控制方法,有效地控制了焊接变形,实现了电子束焊接整体叶盘结构的制造.     

随行辅助预热电子束薄板焊接的数值模拟

电子束焊接薄板过程中,由于局部加热过快,易产生焊接变形。因此,在电子束焊接的主热源两侧引入基于高频扫描技术的电子束辅助热源,进行焊前预热,以达到减小焊接变形的目的。建立了矩形均匀加热辅助热源模型,采用热弹塑性有限元分析方法对1.5mm厚不锈钢薄板随行辅助预热电子束焊接进行数值模拟,并且进行了试验验证。结果表明,焊后残余应力和变形的模拟结果与试验所得结论一致。电子束焊接随行辅助预热方法不仅可以改变熔池前方材料的应力状态,而且当熔池形成瞬间熔池时,还可以减小前方材料的压应力峰值,有利于减小薄板结构的焊接变形。     

国外几种焊接方法的应用动态

近年来焊接技术发展很快,电子束焊、激光焊、等离子束焊等新的加工技木日趋完善,随着计算机的应用,焊接的自动化水平日益提高,这些都有力地促进了航空工业的发展.一、电子束焊电子束焊工艺,是使用被聚焦的电子束作为热源的焊接方法,是50年代由德国蔡斯公司及法国原子能委员会发展起来的.它可以进行活性金属、难熔材料、轻金属、高级合金等多种材料的焊接,特别是开发了局部真空电子束焊及非真空电子束焊接以后,应用范围更加广泛.电子束焊接工艺的优点是焊接变形小,焊透深宽比高,焊速高,还可进行预加工和热处理后元件的焊接,以及极薄和极厚元件的焊接.     

TC4钛合金薄板多束流电子束焊接变形控制研究

采用电子束高频偏转扫描技术实现了多束流电子束焊接,在焊接的同时增加两个辅助电子束热源进行TC4钛合金薄板的焊后缓冷,利用辅助热源在焊缝两侧产生的热应力来改变焊件的应力分布,达到减小焊后应力、控制焊接变形的目的。重点研究了辅助热源位置和能量分配等工艺参数对焊接变形的影响。实验结果表明,采用辅助热源进行焊后缓冷可以有效减小焊接变形,当D=5mm,H=10mm,电子束束流为9.3m A,能量分配为16.25%时,1mm厚的TC4钛合金薄板焊接变形最小。     

TC4钛合金薄板多束流电子束焊接变形控制研究

采用电子束高频偏转扫描技术实现了多束流电子束焊接,在焊接的同时增加两个辅助电子束热源进行TC4钛合金薄板的焊后缓冷,利用辅助热源在焊缝两侧产生的热应力来改变焊件的应力分布,达到减小焊后应力、控制焊接变形的目的。重点研究了辅助热源位置和能量分配等工艺参数对焊接变形的影响。试验结果表明,采用辅助热源进行焊后缓冷可以有效减小焊接变形,当D=5mm,H=10mm,电子束束流为9.3m A,能量分配为16.25%时,1mm厚的TC4钛合金薄板焊接变形最小。     

电子束深熔焊过程的研究现状

简述了电子束焊接,尤其是深熔焊领域的研究成果;在归纳前人对焊接热源模型和匙孔动力学等方面研究的基础上分析了不同热源模型和研究方法的特点;提出了对电子束焊接过程进一步研究工作的展望.     

TC4钛合金焊后电子束局部热处理残余应力测试

用激光全息干涉法对电子束局部热处理后的TC4钛合金接头残余应力进行了测试,结果表明,经电子束局部热处理后,TC4钛合金焊接残余应力的分布趋势发生了变化,上表面焊缝区较高的残余拉应力得到了降低,且应力峰外移.     

焊后真空热处理对TA15钛合金电子束焊接接头力学性能的影响

针对飞机承力结构用钛合金材料TA15,通过调整其焊后热处理温度,对不同热处理状态的该合金电子束焊接接头进行室温力学性能的综合对比分析,确定了适合于电子束焊接接头的焊后热处理工艺.     

钛合金平板电子束焊接残余应力数值分析

本文建立了钛合金平板移动电子束热源的焊接温度场和应力场的数值分析模型,针对6mm厚的TC11钛合金平板试件,计算分析3种不同工艺参数的电子束焊接温度场及残余应力分布规律,结果表明对于平板电子束焊接接头,在焊缝及近缝区的很窄的区域内,存在数值接近材料屈服极限的纵向残余应力,焊接工艺不同将会影响残余应力的数值,采用正面焊透加背面修饰的焊接工艺可在一定程度上降低纵向残余应力的数值。      

高温合金GH4169／GH907异种材料的电子束焊接

对高温合金ＧＨ４１６９／ＧＨ９０７异种材料的电子束焊接进行了研究，探讨了一定厚度范围内的ＧＨ４１６９和ＧＨ９０７电子束焊接的差异和焊接工艺参数，并对焊接缺陷及热处理对焊缝某些性能的影响进行了研究。     

先进旋涡燃烧室速度场与温度场协同数值研究

为了探讨先进旋涡燃烧室流动传热特性,基于场协同原理,对不同来流速度、来流温度、壁面温度及燃气当量比下燃烧室的速度场、温度场及其场协同角分布进行了数值模拟。结果表明,协同角较小的区域主要分布在后钝体后侧、凹腔内部以及进气通道横向中心截面上。旋涡区可以强化换热。随着来流速度及来流温度的增大,场平均协同角呈递减趋势;随着壁温的提高,场平均协同角增大;当量比小于1.0时,场平均协同角随着当量比的增大而增大,而达到1.0之后变化不明显。对于速度场与温度场,燃烧室中心截面的场协同性能最好,且体平均协同角大于面平均协同角。     

Cross Field Diffusion of Cosmic Rays in a Two-Dimensional Magnetic Field Turbulence

Cross field diffusion of energetic particles (cosmic rays) in a two-dimensional static magnetic field turbulence is studied performing test particle simulations. Qualitatively different diffusion processes are observed depending on the ratio of Larmor radius (ρ) to the correlation length (λ) of the magnetic field fluctuations. The diffusion is found to be composed of several regimes with distinct statistical properties, which can be characterized using Levy statistics. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

液滴喷射过程流场和温度场的数值模拟

 建立了液滴喷射过程流场和温度场的计算模型，研究了在外加周期性正弦扰动作用下，石蜡液滴形成过程的流场和温度场及其变化情况，给出了不同扰动频率下所形成液滴的形态及其变化规律，得出了比较均匀的液滴流，指出扰动频率对液滴的形成及其均匀性具有重要影响。模拟结果与文献中的实验结果吻合较好。     

提高旋转式电场仪测量电场特性的方法研究

在介绍旋转式电场仪测量电场强度的机理及测量系统构成的基础上,针对在特高压直流输电线路下地面合成电场测量中,各电场仪的输出电压与被测电场强度的特性曲线不一致,外场较恶劣测量环境对测量结果造成干扰影响测量准确度等问题,提出了相应的解决方法（特性曲线归一化处理和双路消噪差动测量法）。所述方法便于用户现场使用,提高了旋转式电场仪抗干扰能力和测量准确度。     

The Magnetic Field of Mercury

The magnetic field strength of Mercury at the planet’s surface is approximately 1% that of Earth’s surface field. This comparatively low field strength presents a number of challenges, both theoretically to understand how it is generated and observationally to distinguish the internal field from that due to the solar wind interaction. Conversely, the small field also means that Mercury offers an important opportunity to advance our understanding both of planetary magnetic field generation and magnetosphere-solar wind interactions. The observations from the Mariner 10 magnetometer in 1974 and 1975, and the MESSENGER Magnetometer and plasma instruments during the probe’s first two flybys of Mercury on 14 January and 6 October 2008, provide the basis for our current knowledge of the internal field. The external field arising from the interaction of the magnetosphere with the solar wind is more prominent near Mercury than for any other magnetized planet in the Solar System, and particular attention is therefore paid to indications in the observations of deficiencies in our understanding of the external field. The second MESSENGER flyby occurred over the opposite hemisphere from the other flybys, and these newest data constrain the tilt of the planetary moment from the planet’s spin axis to be less than 5°. Considered as a dipole field, the moment is in the range 240 to 270 nT-R _M ³ , where R _M is Mercury’s radius. Multipole solutions for the planetary field yield a smaller dipole term, 180 to 220 nT-R _M ³ , and higher-order terms that together yield an equatorial surface field from 250 to 290 nT. From the spatial distribution of the fit residuals, the equatorial data are seen to reflect a weaker northward field and a strongly radial field, neither of which can be explained by a centered-dipole matched to the field measured near the pole by Mariner 10. This disparity is a major factor controlling the higher-order terms in the multipole solutions. The residuals are not largest close to the planet, and when considered in magnetospheric coordinates the residuals indicate the presence of a cross-tail current extending to within 0.5R _M altitude on the nightside. A near-tail current with a density of 0.1 μA/m² could account for the low field intensities recorded near the equator. In addition, the MESSENGER flybys include the first plasma observations from Mercury and demonstrate that solar wind plasma is present at low altitudes, below 500 km. Although we can be confident in the dipole-only moment estimates, the data in hand remain subject to ambiguities for distinguishing internal from external contributions. The anticipated observations from orbit at Mercury, first from MESSENGER beginning in March 2011 and later from the dual-spacecraft BepiColombo mission, will be essential to elucidate the higher-order structure in the magnetic field of Mercury that will reveal the telltale signatures of the physics responsible for its generation.     

Millennial Variations of the Geomagnetic Field: from Data Recovery to Field Reconstruction

Variations of the geomagnetic field over past millennia can be determined from archeomagnetic data and paleomagnetic sediment records. The resolution and validity of any field reconstruction depends on the reliability of such indirect measurements of past field values. Considerable effort is invested to ensure that the magnetic minerals carrying the ancient magnetization are good, if not ideal, recorders of the magnetic field. This is achieved by performing a wide array of rock magnetic and microscopy investigations, many of which are outlined here. In addition to data quality, the spatial and temporal distributions of archeomagnetic and sediment records play a significant role in the accuracy of past field reconstruction. Global field reconstructions enable studies of dynamic processes in Earth’s core. They rely on data compilations which ideally include information about the quality of a measurement and provide a useful archive for selecting data with the best characteristics. There is, however, a trade off between the total number of reliable data and the geographic or temporal coverage. In this review we describe the various types of paleomagnetic recorders, and the kind of measurements that are performed to gather reliable geomagnetic field information. We show which modeling strategies are most suitable, and the main features of the field that can be derived from the resulting models. Finally, we discuss prospects for progress in this kind of research.     

直升机附件舱流场和温度场的数值仿真研究

建立了某型直升机发动机附件舱内流动和传热的数学模型,利用 k-ε二方程紊流模型模拟舱内流动,应用非结构化网格与网格自适应技术进行区域离散化,采用有限容积法对附件舱内的空气流场和温度场进行了三维数值仿真和分析,为附件舱冷却系统的改进和优化设计提供了依据。结果表明,附件舱冷却系统可以满足舱内冷却要求。     

真空炉温场测试方法

针对真空炉温场测试的特点进行了分析．推荐了合理的测试方法，并探讨了有关温场测试引用标准中的一些问题。     

双层雾化器流场的模拟研究

采用数值模拟的方法对一种低压双层雾化器(Double Layer Atomizer)气流场和雾化过程进行了研究,分析了上层雾化器对气流循环区域以及金属液流雾化的影响。结果表明:上层雾化器的引入能有效抑制气流循环区域的不良影响,有利于金属液流的稳定流动;考虑到上层雾化器压力的增大会引起气流循环区域压力的增大以及流量的增加,选择0.15MPa/0.68MPa~0.2MPa/0.68MPa的压力条件较为有利;该双层雾化器液流破碎过程存在一定的类似于紧密耦合式雾化器(Close-Coupled Atomizer)的膜状破碎方式,破碎液滴在空间飞行发散范围和其粒径大小有关。