An adaptive turbo-shaft engine modeling method based on PS and MRR-LSSVR algorithms

In order to establish an adaptive turbo-shaft engine model with high accuracy, a new modeling method based on parameter selection (PS) algorithm and multi-input multi-output recursive reduced least square support vector regression (MRR-LSSVR) machine is proposed. Firstly, the PS algorithm is designed to choose the most reasonable inputs of the adaptive module. During this process, a wrapper criterion based on least square support vector regression (LSSVR) machine is adopted, which can not only reduce computational complexity but also enhance generalization performance. Secondly, with the input variables determined by the PS algorithm, a mapping model of engine parameter estimation is trained off-line using MRR-LSSVR, which has a satisfying accuracy within 5&. Finally, based on a numerical simulation platform of an integrated helicopter/ turbo-shaft engine system, an adaptive turbo-shaft engine model is developed and tested in a certain flight envelope. Under the condition of single or multiple engine components being degraded, many simulation experiments are carried out, and the simulation results show the effectiveness and validity of the proposed adaptive modeling method.     

Approximate Nonlinear Modeling of Aircraft Engine Surge Margin Based on Equilibrium Manifold Expansion

Stable operation of aircraft engine compressions is constrained by rotating surge. In this paper, an approximate nonlinear surge margin model of aircraft engine compression system by using equilibrium manifold is presented. Firstly, this paper gives an overview of the current state of modeling aerodynamic flow instabilities in engine compressors. Secondly, the expansion form of equilibrium manifold is introduced, and the choosing scheduling variable method is discussed. Then, this paper also gives the identification procedure of modeling the approximate nonlinear model. Finally, the modeling and simulations with high pressure (HP) compressor surge margin of the aircraft engine show that this real-time model has the same accuracy with the thermodynamic model, but has simpler structure and shorter computation time.     

Wide-range model predictive control for aero-engine transient state

To perform transient state control of an aero-engine, a structure that combines linear controller and min–max selector is widely adopted, which is inherently conservative and therefore limits the fulfillment of the engine potential. Model predictive control is a new control method that has vast application prospects in the field of aero-engine control. Therefore, this paper proposes a wide-range model predictive controller that can control the engine over a wide range within the flight envelope....     

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DIGITAL SIMULATION OF TURBOJET ACCELERATION

The acceleration performance of a turbojet is one of its important characteristics. In terms of control system, the engine is a controlled object. The acceleration performance not only depends on the engine, but also on the controller; therefore both the engine and the controller must be combined in a control system to make research for this performance. This paper presents a mathematical model of the turbojet acceleration control system and digital simulation method. Because the engine acceleration is a large variation transient process, the models of the engine and the controller are described by nonlinear equations. The methods of solving nonlinear equations and iterative techniques of calculating acceleration control system are discussed in this paper. The calculated results, as compared with test results, show that the simulation for this system is satisfactory.     

A trajectory planning method on error compensation of residual height for aero-engine blades of robotic belt grinding

While the traditional trajectory planning methods are used in robotic belt grinding of blades with an uneven machining allowance distribution, it is hard to obtain the preferable profile accuracy and surface quality to meet the high-performance requirements of aero-engine. To solve this problem, a novel trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper by considering the developed interpolation algorithm and the machining allowance threshold. The residual height error obtained from grinding e...     

Research on windmill starting characteristics of MTE-D micro turbine engine

Micro turbine engine (MTE) is an important kind of propulsion system for miniature unmanned aircraft or missiles, because of its better high-speed performance (than propeller propulsion) and higher propulsion efficiency (obviously than rockets). Windmill start is a common air-starting mode used in micro turbine engine. The windmill starting characteristics are important to the practical use of micro turbine engine. In this paper, the windmill starting characteristics research for a 12 cm diameter (MTE-D) micro turbine engine is carried out by experiment and numerical simulation. The characteristic of rotor mechanical losses at low-speed condition is stud- ied, and the engine common working line of windmill starting process is obtained. Based on the engine windmill characteristics, the propane ignition characteristics under different inflow conditions are researched, and the envelope of propane ignition and propane flameout is determined. The experimental research of fuel supply and ignition characteristics is completed, and the envelope of fuel supply and ignition is obtained. The windmill stage, propane ignition stage, fuel ignition stage and acceleration process from idling-speed to 80% full speed of MTE-D micro turbine engine is optimized, and the optimization windmill starting parameters are collected. The successful wind-mill starting experiment under this condition with engine speed up to 80% full speed indicates that these starting parameters are reasonable. All the starting parameters of MTE-D micro turbine engine obtained in this work are dimensionless parameters, and the conclusions obtained in this study have some reference to other micro turbine engines with the similar structural form and starting process.     

A New Hybrid Control Scheme for an Integrated Helicopter and Engine System

A new hybrid control scheme is presented with a robust multiple model fusion control(RMMFC) law for a UH-60 helicopter and an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) controller for its engines.This scheme is a control design method with every subsystem designed separately but fully considering the couplings between them.With three subspaces with respect to forward flight velocity,a RMMFC is proposed to devise a four-loop reference signal tracing control for the helicopter,which escapes the closed-loop system from unstable state due to the extreme complexity of this integrated nonlinear system.The engines are controlled by the proposed ADRC decoupling controller,which fully takes advantage of a good compensation ability for unmodeled dynamics and extra disturbances,so as to compensate torque disturbance in power turbine speed loop.By simulating a forward acceleration flight task,the RMMFC for the helicopter is validated.It is apparent that the integrated helicopter and engine system(IHES) has much better dynamic performance under the new control scheme.Especially in the switching process,the large transient is significantly weakened,and smooth transition among candidate controllers is achieved.Over the entire simulation task,the droop of power turbine speed with the proposed ADRC controller is significantly slighter than with the conventional PID controller,and the response time of the former is much faster than the latter.By simulating a rapid climb and descent flight task,the results also show the feasibility for the application of the proposed multiple model fusion control.Although there is aggressive power demand in this maneuver,the droop of power turbine speed with an ADRC controller is smaller than using a PID controller.The control performance for helicopter and engine is enhanced by adopting this hybrid control scheme,and simulation results in other envelope state give proofs of robustness for this new scheme.     

Analytic estimation and numerical modeling of actively cooled thermal protection systems with nickel alloys

Actively cooled thermal protection system has great influence on the engine of a hypersonic vehicle, and it is significant to obtain the thermal and stress distribution in the system. So an analytic estimation and numerical modeling are performed in this paper to investigate the behavior of an actively cooled thermal protection system. The analytic estimation is based on the electric analogy method and finite element analysis（FEA） is applied to the numerical simulation. Temperature and stress distributions are obtained for the actively cooled channel walls with three kinds of nickel alloys with or with no thermal barrier coating（TBC）. The temperature of the channel wall with coating has no obvious difference from the one with no coating, but the stress with coating on the channel wall is much smaller than that with no coating. Inconel X-750 has the best characteristics among the three Ni-based materials due to its higher thermal conductivity, lower elasticity module and greater allowable stress. Analytic estimation and numerical modeling results are compared with each other and a reasonable agreement is obtained.     

Electrochemical machining of a convex strips structure on a revolving part by using site directed power interruption

Revolving parts with complex surface structures are widely used in machinery and mechanical equipment. The ECM process provides its adequacy to cut hard materials with different shapes, and its applications are widely increased, due to its outstanding advantages. In this paper, a new method for machining a convex strips structure on a cylinder by using site directed power interruption(SDPI) in the ECM process is presented. A variable correction value of the power-off time was defined and optimized to obtain the ideal interval for better machining accuracy and stability.The electric field distribution and the simulated convex profiles show that the stray current density can be reduced effectively by using the proposed method. The correction value has an important influence on the machining accuracy. A suitable correction value in the range of 0.6–1.2 s can effectively improve the machining accuracy of the convex strips structure. Experiments were also conducted to verify the proposed method. Results have confirmed that the stray corrosion on the convex strips surface is significantly reduced and the machining accuracy of convex strips structure is remarkably improved by using the proposed method with a suitable correction value in the ECM process. Finally, a convex strip with a height of 2 mm on a thin-wall revolving part was also produced successfully using a correction value of 0.9.     

基于容积法的某涡扇发动机动态建模方法

考虑了容腔的质量和能量的储能效应,提出了基于容积法的涡扇发动机实时数学模型建模方法,建立了容腔压力和温度的微分方程,容腔的压力和温度可以用不迭代的数值法求解.同时,利用C++面向对象编程语言,建立了某涡扇发动机动态模型.用建立的发动机动态模型和商用软件Gasturb 10分别计算了发动机性能,并进行了对比,结果表明:该模型与Gasturb 10的运算结果具有良好的一致性,高压压气机转速、涡轮进口温度及压气机喘振裕度的响应结果最大相对误差小于1%.容积法避免了数值迭代,可以保证模型计算的实时性.      

用卡尔曼估值对航空发动机喘振状态预报研究

针对压缩系统的Greiter非线性模型,采用卡尔曼估值理论的方法对压缩系统进行状态估值,提出某一喘振判定准则下超前预报压气机将来某一时刻是否发生喘振,即喘振预报。     

离心压气机与脉冲爆震燃烧室共同工作分析

为了掌握压气机与爆震室相互作用机理,实现压气机与爆震室稳定匹配工作,针对离心压气机与爆震室共同工作过程建立了数值计算模型,并采用脉冲爆震涡轮发动机原理性试验系统进行验证,在此基础上结合传统航空发动机中压气机特性分析方法,对反传作用下的压气机工作特性进行了计算分析。结果表明:反传压力波使压气机内出现了瞬间的气体倒流现象,并且会在进气转接段内形成压力波动,使压气机出口长时间处于非稳态工况;压气机与爆震室匹配工作时,压气机工作特性线朝喘振边界靠近,效率低于0.39,而同转速下,压气机单独工作时,其效率均在0.81以上。     

风扇/增压级内外涵联算的特性数值模拟

提出了一种风扇/增压级内外涵联算的多转速全工况快速特性预测的计算方法.该方法将模化的叶片法向力和摩擦力引入周向平均形式的Euler方程组源项,结合NASA SP-36提供的攻角和落后角确定方法以及Koch稳定边界模型,对高负荷跨声风扇级以及某双涵道大涵道比的风扇/增压级进行了特性数值模拟,并与实验和三维数值模拟结果进行了比较.结果显示周向平均方法基本满足风扇/增压级初期气动设计快速特性预估的工程精度要求.      

SQP方法在航空发动机加速过程控制中的应用研究

本文研究了采用非线性规划方法中的序列二次规划最优化方法解决涡轮风扇发动机加速过程的最优控制问题。在研究中,考虑了发动机加速过程中的压气机喘振边界、涡轮最高温度限制、转子最高转速限制、燃烧富油熄火限制等各种约束条件,以及执行机构的惯性、延迟等机械特性。仿真结果表明:应用序列二次规划法进行加速最优控制是可行的,发动机在加速过程中能准确地沿着各约束边界进行加速,从而充分发挥了发动机的潜力,大大地改善了发动机的加速性。      

基于平行压气机模型的发动机整机性能计算方法

为了满足航空发动机型号设计、适航审定等阶段所采用的仿真模型能够快速有效计算进气畸变对发动机性能影响的需要,开展了基于平行压气机模型的发动机整机性能计算方法研究。在发动机整机性能通用仿真系统基础上,通过继承、关联等方法,构建平行压气机部件类;以发动机整机性能仿真模型迭代计算参数作为子压气机出口边界约束,进行子压气机工作点迭代计算,从而获得压气机、发动机工作点及发动机整机性能;以某型混合排气加力式双转子涡扇发动机为仿真对象,分别计算了设计点性能和进气畸变条件下的非设计点性能,验证了计算方法的有效性,并分析了进气畸变对压气机及发动机整机性能的影响。     

航空发动机温度传感器动态特性改善方法

在某次某型航空发动机的地面台架试车中,该航空发动机发生了喘振.为查证导致发动机喘振的原因,构建了该型航空发动机高压压气机可调静子叶片转角控制系统的数学模型,完成了联合仿真.理论分析及仿真研究证明了:温度传感器动态响应特性滞后是导致发动机喘振的主要原因.为解决喘振问题,设计了该传感器的动态性能校正系统.验证仿真表明:所采用的校正方案可在不影响系统正常工作的前提下,明显改善该高压压气机可调静子叶片角度的动态响应特性,并有效地防止发动机喘振.该温度传感器校正算法具有适应性良好,抗干扰能力强等突出优点,可为解决试车过程中暴露的发动机喘振问题提供重要参考.      

间冷回热循环航空发动机参数匹配研究

在常规大涵道比涡扇发动机热力循环基础上增加间冷过程和回热过程,发展了间冷回热循环航空发动机(IRA)的计算模型和相应的性能仿真程序.分析了采用间冷回热技术的分排大涵道比涡扇发动机的热力循环参数选择与匹配.结果表明:间冷度、回热度、外涵道间冷用气量、增压级和高压压气机压比分配、总增压比、涵道比等热力循环参数对IRA的性能有很大影响;合理应用间冷回热技术,并优化发动机热力循环参数匹配可以显著改善发动机的性能.      

某涡扇发动机考虑级间引气的二维数值模拟

针对采用S₂流面流场模拟软件(AES-S2),对某涡扇发动机风扇、压气机(考虑级间引气)和整机进行地面0km及高空21km低雷诺数工况下转速特性的评估和流场分析.AES-S2数值仿真模型由带有黏性项的二维欧拉方程、燃烧模型和损失模型构成;采用任意曲线坐标系,可保证复杂几何边界的计算精度;采用隐式高阶精度Godunov求解格式,数值稳定性高,可自动捕捉激波.仿真结果表明:AES-S2计算稳定性好,收敛速度快;风扇和压气机的计算精度高于整机;整机二维计算满足工程精度需求,可为部件研制和整机部件匹配提供性能参数依据.      

深冷组合发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律研究

为了研究深冷组合循环发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律,基于部件法建立了发动机热力学计算模型,依据整机共同工作条件确定了发动机非设计点计算的变量与平衡方程。根据工质间的相互影响关系,提出了以氦压气机转速和氦涡轮前温度为控制变量的双变量控制规律。在考虑发动机机械负荷、气动负荷、热负荷及压气机稳定裕度等限制的条件下,根据制定的最大状态控制规律,完成了高度特性和速度特性的计算。根据限制条件计算得到了发动机的工作包线,并指出了最大状态控制规律的区域划分。最后,将控制规律应用于工作包线内,获得了压气机转速、换算转速及工质流量等参数的分布规律。结果表明：工作包线上下边界分别取决于氦压气机喘振裕度限制和空气压气机换算转速下限,右边界限制取决于换热器1氦气出口温度上限。深冷组合循环发动机最大状态控制规律应划分为2个区域,分界线满足以下条件：空气压气机和氦压气机换算转速同时达到最大值。分界线以上空气压气机达到最大工作状态,分界线以下氦压气机达到最大工作状态。空气压气机进口参数是决定控制规律分界线的主要因素。