扫描模式航管监视雷达风电场杂波检测与抑制

近年来,全球风力发电装机容量呈指数增长。研究表明,风轮机对其附近的航管(ATC)监视雷达会产生严重影响。风轮机杂波的有效检测及抑制,对于保证空中交通安全具有重要意义。首先提出了基于回波谱宽特征的航管监视雷达的风轮机杂波检测方法。针对扫描模式下航管监视雷达频谱分辨率较低的问题,将基于自回归(AR)模型的超分辨率方法和质量中心的概念应用于雷达回波的快速谱宽和谱中心估计算法中,提高谱宽估计的精度。其次针对扫描模式下的风轮机回波数据不是一个完整周期数据的问题,基于缺省数据幅度和相位估计(GAPES)算法实现了扫描模式下风轮机雷达回波缺省数据的估计,而后利用风轮机杂波的周期性抑制风轮机杂波。该算法实现了风轮机杂波的有效检测和抑制,并且其不受限于风轮机与飞机目标在同一个距离单元的情况。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的字典失配杂波空时谱估计方法

杂波谱稀疏恢复空时自适应处理（STAP）是一种有效减少杂波样本数需求的机载雷达杂波抑制方法。然而,空时平面被离散地划分为若干个网格点来构建空时导向矢量字典,当字典在失配时,杂波脊不能准确落在预先离散化的网格点上,稀疏恢复STAP性能严重下降。提出了一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的字典失配杂波空时谱估计方法,首先利用二维泰勒级数建立空时动态字典模型,然后将字典失配误差作为待估超参数构建贝叶斯稀疏恢复模型,并利用失配误差估计值对空时导向矢量字典进行修正,最后利用修正后的空时导向矢量字典重构杂波协方差矩阵,进而计算杂波空时谱。实验证明,该方法能够有效提高字典失配情况下的杂波谱稀疏恢复精度,杂波抑制性能优于已有字典预先离散化的稀疏贝叶斯学习STAP方法。     

基于空域稀疏性的宽带DOA估计

利用宽带阵列接收信号的空域稀疏性,将宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计转化为一个稀疏信号重构的问题,提出了一种新的宽带信号DOA估计算法。该算法将宽带信号分解为多个子带信号,联合利用多个子带信号的空域稀疏性进行重构。它是对用于稀疏重构的标准的稀疏贝叶斯学习算法的推广,可适用于多冗余字典的信号模型。另外,通过对多快拍的阵列接收信号进行奇异值分解(SVD),提取信号子空间作为算法的输入数据,可以在有效减少运算复杂度的同时,提高对噪声的稳健性。与传统的宽带阵列DOA估计方法相比,该算法能够用于低信噪比、快拍有限和信源相关性较高的场合,同时算法的性能对信源个数的估计值不太敏感。仿真实验表明,该算法相对现有的基于子空间类的方法,具有更好的DOA估计性能。     

LFM宽带雷达信号的盲压缩感知模型

在欠采样测量基础上,提出了一种基于盲压缩感知(BCS)的线性调频(LFM)宽带雷达信号欠采样与重构新框架。这一机制利用LFM雷达信号在分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)域上良好的能量聚集特性,将LFM及其延迟信号看做是未知p阶次FRFT域上的稀疏线性组合。首先通过时延相关解线调欠采样得到最佳稀疏FRFT域,再以此构造出原信号对应的p阶次离散FRFT(DFRFT)稀疏基字典,最后结合离散FRFT系数的块稀疏性利用块重构算法从测量值中估计出稀疏系数,同时论证了LFM信号单通道BCS问题解的唯一性,从而实现了稀疏基未知情况下针对LFM宽带雷达信号的盲压缩感知,为非合作条件下LFM信号欠采样采集与无源探测提供了一种新思路。     

利用信号特征的风电场对二次雷达影响评估

研究表明风力发电场可能会影响航管雷达系统,导致其工作性能下降,因此准确评估风电场对航管雷达的影响具有重要意义。利用二次雷达信号特征给出了一种风电场对二次雷达影响的评估方法。首先根据二次雷达信号特征从风电场反射信号干扰方面分析了风电场对航管二次雷达可能产生的影响．然后阐述了以反射信号的时延来划分风电场影响区域的评估方法。最后通过在DEM（digital elevation model数字高程模型）数据上的仿真实验来验证本文评估方法。     

非圆信号的贝叶斯稀疏重构阵列测向方法

对信号非圆特性的有效利用能显著改善子空间类阵列测向方法的性能,但难以弥补此类方法在低信噪比（SNR）、小样本等信号环境适应能力方面的局限。本文引入贝叶斯稀疏学习（SBL）技术以解决非圆信号的波达方向（DOA）估计问题,在结合信号非圆特性的同时对入射信号的空域稀疏性加以利用,通过将非圆信号阵列输出协方差矩阵和共轭协方差矩阵在预先定义的空域字典集上进行稀疏重构,得到入射信号的空间谱重构结果,并依据其谱峰位置估计各信号的方向。该方法对独立和相关信号都具有较好的适应能力,仿真结果验证了该方法在信号环境适应能力和相关信号测向精度等方面的优势。     

基于压缩感知的信源个数与信号参数估计算法

信源个数与信号参数估计是盲信号处理的关键环节，对后续信号的侦察处理意义重大。针对当前盲信号信源个数与信源参数估计研究割裂的问题，提出了一种联合估计算法。通过分析信号的稀疏系数在不同测量矩阵相同稀疏字典下位置相同的特点，提高了信源个数和信号参数的估计精度，实现算法的自适应控制；通过数理分析确定了多级搜索策略的最优级次，大大降低了稀疏字典的原子数目。仿真结果表明：算法在一定信噪比下能够实现信源个数和信号参数的有效估计；信源个数和信号参数的估计精度随着压缩比的降低而逐渐提高，随着信噪比的提高而逐步增强；噪声对信源个数和信号参数估计精度的影响很大，尤其是低信噪比下；第2个信源载波频率和调频斜率的估计误差明显高于第1个信源参数的估计误差。     

基于稀疏重建的MIMO-OTH雷达多模杂波抑制算法

针对由多模传播引起的多普勒扩展杂波(SDC)严重影响天波超视距雷达(OTHR)对慢速船舰目标的检测这一问题,在基于多输入多输出体制的新一代天波超视距(MIMO-OTH)雷达系统下,利用空域信息抑制多模SDC。传统处理方法需要目标角度先验信息,而在实际中,该信息往往很难获得。为此,提出一种新的基于稀疏重建的多模杂波抑制算法。该算法将二维的稀疏角度搜索转变为一维的角度搜索,使运算量大大降低,且估计出的收发角(DOA-DOD)自动配对,同时可获得各个传播路径下信号的时间多普勒信息,达到了理想的MIMO-OTH雷达多模杂波抑制效果。仿真结果证明了所提算法的有效性。     

基于协方差矩阵高阶幂的二维DOA估计新算法

 针对稀疏分解方法进行均匀圆阵(UCA)的二维波达方向(DOA)估计运算复杂度大的问题,提出了一种基于协方差矩阵高阶幂稀疏分解的二维DOA估计新算法。该算法首先利用协方差矩阵高阶幂无需进行特征值分解和信源数估计的特性,构建了协方差矩阵高阶幂的稀疏分解向量;然后运用粒度分层思想,构造了粗区域估计和细方位估计的分层多粒度的快速分解模型,分层字典的长度大大减少,在保持估计精度的前提下,算法运算时间远小于现有的恒定冗余字典的稀疏分解方法,从而解决了基于稀疏分解的圆阵二维DOA估计问题。论文提出的算法与二维MUSIC算法相比,估计精度高,且能满足对相干信号的估计。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于孪生波形设计的频谱弥散干扰抑制方法

频谱弥散(SMSP)干扰是针对线性调频(LFM)脉冲压缩雷达的一种有效干扰手段.基于干扰信号的时频特征,提出了一种基于孪生波形设计的频谱弥散干扰抑制方法.首先,利用初始脉冲发射LFM信号,对受干扰回波进行Gabor变换得到时频分析结果,并估计干扰子脉冲数;其次,基于干扰子脉冲数设计第2个脉冲发射的孪生波形;然后,设计调...     

Nonuniform Three-dimensional Configuration Distributed SAR Signal Reconstruction Clutter Suppression

This paper deals with the problem of clutter suppression in spaceborne distributed synthetic aperture radar (D-SAR) with nonuniform three-dimensional (3D) configuration geometry. In order to make a breakthrough of the configuration limitation of the traditional space time adaptive processing (STAP) based on uniform array and improve the inhomogeneous clutter suppression performance, this paper considers signal reconstruction technique using array interpolation to process the D-SAR signal. An array interpolation signal reconstruction method based on pitching-partition is derived then a signal reconstruction 3D-STAP clutter suppression method applied to nonuniform 3D configuration is proposed. In particular, the proposed method is compared with conventional methods and the performance analysis is carried out based on simulations. The improvement factor (IF) for clutter suppression is imported and reported as a benchmark on the clutter suppression effect.     

Impulse feature extraction method for machinery fault detection using fusion sparse coding and online dictionary learning

Impulse components in vibration signals are important fault features of complex machines. Sparse coding(SC) algorithm has been introduced as an impulse feature extraction method, but it could not guarantee a satisfactory performance in processing vibration signals with heavy background noises. In this paper, a method based on fusion sparse coding(FSC) and online dictionary learning is proposed to extract impulses efficiently. Firstly, fusion scheme of different sparse coding algorithms is presented to ensure higher reconstruction accuracy. Then, an improved online dictionary learning method using FSC scheme is established to obtain redundant dictionary and it can capture specific features of training samples and reconstruct the sparse approximation of vibration signals. Simulation shows that this method has a good performance in solving sparse coefficients and training redundant dictionary compared with other methods. Lastly, the proposed method is further applied to processing aircraft engine rotor vibration signals. Compared with other feature extraction approaches, our method can extract impulse features accurately and efficiently from heavy noisy vibration signal, which has significant supports for machinery fault detection and diagnosis.     

A novel sparse feature extraction method based on sparse signal via dual-channel self-adaptive TQWT

Sparse signal is a kind of sparse matrices which can carry fault information and simplify the signal at the same time. This can effectively reduce the cost of signal storage, improve the efficiency of data transmission, and ultimately save the cost of equipment fault diagnosis in the aviation field. At present, the existing sparse decomposition methods generally extract sparse fault characteristics signals based on orthogonal basis atoms, which limits the adaptability of sparse decomposition. In this paper, a self-adaptive atom is extracted by the improved dual-channel tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) method to construct a self-adaptive complete dictionary. Finally, the sparse signal is obtained by the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. The atoms obtained by this method are more flexible, and are no longer constrained to an orthogonal basis to reflect the oscillation characteristics of signals. Therefore, the sparse signal can better extract the fault characteristics. The simulation and experimental results show that the self-adaptive dictionary with the atom extracted from the dual-channel TQWT has a stronger decomposition freedom and signal matching ability than orthogonal basis dictionaries, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete Hartley transform (DHT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). In addition, the sparse signal extracted by the self-adaptive complete dictionary can reflect the time-domain characteristics of the vibration signals, and can more accurately extract the bearing fault feature frequency.     

基于迁移学习的SAR目标超分辨重建

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)目标超分辨重建问题,提出了一种基于迁移学习的超分辨方法。在光学图像梯度域中联合训练超完备字典与稀疏编码映射,利用半耦合字典联系SAR图像与光学图像,寻找SAR图像在半耦合字典下的稀疏编码,并在高分辨率字典下完成重建。结合SAR图像的先验信息,使用正则化方法对SAR目标进行特征增强。所提方法在TerraSAR-X数据和MSTAR数据上进行了仿真实验,重建结果表明,相比目前的插值方法和稀疏表示方法,所提方法空间分辨率可提高0.5~1.5个像素。正则化增强结果表明,引入稀疏先验的正则化增强能够进一步提高空间分辨率并抑制杂波比,最后分析了正则化参数的选取对图像质量的影响。     

Coherent detection of radar targets in a non-gaussian background

The problem of detecting radar targets against a background of coherent, correlated, non-Gaussian clutter is studied with a two-step procedure. In the first step, the structure of the amplitude and the multivariate probability density functions (pdfs) describing the statistical properties of the clutter is derived. The starting point for this derivation is the basic scattering problem, and the statistics are obtained from an extension of the central limit theorem (CLT). This extension leads to modeling the clutter amplitude statistics by a mixture of Rayleigh distributions. The end product of the first step is a multidimensional pdf in the form of a Gaussian mixture, which is then used in step 2. The aim of step 2 is to derive both the optimal and a suboptimal detection structure for detecting radar targets in this type of clutter. Some performance results for the new detection processor are also given     

Clutter Suppression by Complex Weighting of Coherent Pulse Trains

Uniform coherent pulse trains offer a practical solution to the problem of designing a radar signal possessing both high range and range-rate resolution. The Doppler sensitivity provides some rejection of off-Doppler (clutter) returns in the matched filter receiver. This paper considers the use of a processor in which members of the received pulse train are selectively weighted in amplitude and phase to improve clutter suppression. The techniques described are particularly suitable for rejecting interference entering the processor through ambiguous responses (range sidelobes) of the signal. The complex weights which are derived are optimum in the sense that they produce the maximum clutter suppression for a given detection efficiency. In determining these weights, it is assumed that the distribution of clutter in range and range rate relative to targets of interest is known. Thus, clutter suppression is achieved by reducing the sidelobe levels in specified regions of the receiver response. These techniques are directly applicable to array antennas; the analogous antenna problem would be to reduce sidelobe levels in a particular sector while preserving gain. Complex weighting is most successful when the clutter is limited in both range and velocity.     

基于杂波子空间估计的MIMO雷达降维STAP研究

 多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达是近年来出现的一种新体制雷达,针对MIMO体制的机载雷达开展空时自适应处理（STAP）技术研究是值得进一步努力的方向。本文研究了机载MIMO雷达STAP技术的降维算法,通过对STAP技术杂波抑制原理进行分析,推导并得到一种基于杂波子空间的降维算法。结合扁长椭球波函数（PSWF）的特点,提出了一种基于杂波子空间估计的降维算法,并与若干降维算法的杂波抑制性能进行比较。结果表明,当存在阵元幅相误差时,该算法在保持杂波抑制性能的同时能够有效地降低STAP算法的运算量。