Kevlar BF—2及GD414材料充电性能研究

Kevlar作为最新型的航天结构材料,BF-2作为太阳电池盖片玻璃,GD414作为航天器材料粘接剂,都是空间技术必不可少的重要而基本的材料。因而它们在空间电环境条件中的表面电荷积累性质受到极大注意。该文就此三种材料在综合模拟空间环境条件下,进行了材料表面电导和环境诱发电导的实验研究,并给出了实验结果的分析。     

从哥伦比亚号谈航天材料

哥伦比亚航天飞机的爆炸，震惊了世人，同时也引起了人们对航天材料的关注。为此，本刊特邀航天科工集团第二研究院研究员刘松茂给大家讲讲航天材料的特殊性。     

航天器抗内带电介质改性方法

为了削弱航天器有机介质内带电水平从而提高航天器运行的可靠性,分析了空间介质接地方式与电导特性对材料带电水平的影响,认为可采用非线性电导改性的方法来削弱聚合物材料的带电程度,并对几种典型的航天器聚合物介质进行了改性试验研究,获得了预想的非线性电导特性,认为对介质进行非线性改性可能成为未来对介质材料进行全防护的有效手段之一。     

航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展现状

根据航天材料热物理性能测试技术的特点 ,系统介绍了国内航天材料热物理性能测试技术的发展状况和发展趋势 ,并详细介绍了目前我国航天材料热物理性能测试领域中所具备的测试技术和测试装置、航天热物理性能所涉及的研究领域和内容以及目前正在开展的研究工作。     

航天器表面材料充电性能研究—关于RTV-Ⅱ和13-17涂层的评价

本文报道了RTV-Ⅱ黑漆和13-17白色涂层二种航天器温控材料的电导在综合空间环境条件下的实验结果。实验表明RTV-Ⅱ涂层材料的电导从1984年到1986年,几乎每年下降一个量级,因而充电状态明显改变。13-17涂层材料的电导对空间真空环境响应不明显,但对电子辐照和光辐照响应显著,尤其对光辐照存在强烈的记忆效应。预测该涂层在轨道上由光照区进入星蚀区也不会出现明显充电现象。     

航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端论坛成功召开

2010年10月16—17日，由中国空间技术研究院、中国材料研究学会和航天材料及工艺研究所共同主办的“2010航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端论坛”在北京航天城成功召开。     

颠覆性航天技术的内涵、分类和显示方法浅析

航天是多学科综合集成的高科技领域，航天活动推动了诸如材料、导航、通信、医学等众多领域的科技进步。提高航天技术水平、增强航天活动效能，占领国家安全、经济和科技竞争战略制高点是世界航天大国孜孜以求的目标，其核心就是航天技术创新。     

2010航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端论坛成功召开

<正>□□2010年10月16-17日,由中国空间技术研究院、中国材料研究学会和航天材料及工艺研究所共同主办的"2010航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端     

2010航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端论坛成功举办

<正>金秋十月,重阳之际。2010年10月16~17日,由中国空间技术研究院、中国材料研究学会和航天材料及工艺研究所共同主办的"2010航天工程高性能材料需求与应用高端论坛"在北京航天城成功举办。     

碳纤维环框检测技术研究

增韧环氧树脂碳纤维材料性能的优异性使其在航空、航天领域主承力结构中占比不断提高。目前，在航空、航天领域，复合材料加工能力已成为航空、航天制造企业先进性的重要指标之一。为满足航空、航天发展形势，针对航空、航天承力增韧环氧树脂碳纤维环框为研制对象，总结与分析了零件宏观和微观领域检测技术方法及结果。研究结果可为中国航空、航天碳纤维承力零件的制造提供技术数据和参考。     

基于目标特性的航天器太阳光压面积计算方法

太阳光压是影响深空探测航天器轨道确定与预报精度最主要的摄动力.针对实际任务需求，采用了一种基于目标特性的光压面积建模与计算方法，根据航天器形状、尺寸、表面材料以及材料光学特性等信息，实现了分析型光压模型的建立与求解，提高了计算效率和精度，可快速计算目标在光照方向上的光压面积、投影面积以及光压比例因子等参数.通过长方体光压面积理论值与仿真值的对比，验证了该方法的准确性和有效性.针对复杂结构探测器开展了光压面积计算，可为深空探测航天器精密定轨中的光压模型解算、定轨及预报提供参考.      

卫星表面材料物性与电荷积累

卫星表面在地磁亚暴环境下积累电荷的现象是必然的。由于表面间物性的差别,这种积累将是不均衡的,然而一旦建立了电势差,那末表面与表面,表面与构架间就会存在电荷交换,使电势差逐渐趋于减小。文章试图通过物理模型的建立,由此推导出面间电势差变化与表面电势值及表面的电导、电容的关系,从而建立一种明确的数学模型,以利卫星表面充电状态的分析。     

电子经纬仪测量系统中立方镜坐标系建立技术探讨

在航天器总装过程中,通常利用立方镜来转移航天器分系统的位置关系基准,通过对基准立方镜之间位置关系的测量与调整,实现航天器的空间位置关系观测与调整。电子经纬仪测量系统在进行立方镜测量时,经常需要建立立方镜坐标系,本文介绍了电子经纬仪测量系统中构建立方镜法线的两种方法,对其优缺点进行了比较,并在此基础上,阐述了立方镜坐标系的构建方法。     

Implementing planetary protection requirements for sample return missions.

NASA is committed to exploring space while avoiding the biological contamination of other solar system bodies and protecting the Earth against potential harm from materials returned from space. NASA's planetary protection program evaluates missions (with external advice from the US National Research Council and others) and imposes particular constraints on individual missions to achieve these objectives. In 1997 the National Research Council's Space Studies Board published the report, Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations, which reported advice to NASA on Mars sample return missions, complementing their 1992 report, The Biological Contamination of Mars Issues and Recommendations. Meanwhile, NASA has requested a new Space Studies Board study to address sample returns from bodies other than Mars. This study recognizes the variety of worlds that have been opened up to NASA and its partners by small, relatively inexpensive, missions of the Discovery class, as well as the reshaping of our ideas about life in the solar system that have been occasioned by the Galileo spacecraft's discovery that an ocean under the ice on Jupiter's moon Europa might, indeed, exist. This paper will report on NASA's planned implementation of planetary protection provisions based on these recent National Research Council recommendations, and will suggest measures for incorporation in the planetary protection policy of COSPAR.     

地面实验室模拟空间等离子体环境的初步测试

空间等离子体和航天器的相互作用对航天器的安全有重要影响，利用空间实验来研究这些作用的代价很大，可以通过在地面实验室中模拟空间等离子体环境来低成本地研究这些相互作用。本研究通过使用ECR等离子体源期望在地面实验室来近似模拟空间等离子体环境。通过初步测量，我们得到了一个比较均匀的等离子体环境。     

Results of time-resolved radiation exposure measurements made during U.S. Shuttle missions with a tissue equivalent proportional counter.

Time-resolved radiation exposure measurements inside the crew compartment have been made during recent Shuttle missions with the USAF Radiation Monitoring Equipment-III (RME-III), a portable four-channel tissue equivalent proportional counter. Results from the first six missions are presented and discussed. The missions had orbital inclinations ranging from 28.5 degrees to 57 degrees, and altitudes from 200-600 km. Dose equivalent rates ranged from 40-5300 micro Sv/dy. The RME-III measurements are in good agreement with other dosimetry measurements made aboard the vehicle. Measurements indicate that medium- and high-LET particles contribute less than 2% of the particle fluence for all missions, but up to 50% of the dose equivalent, depending on the spacecraft's altitude and orbital inclination. Iso-dose rate contours have been developed from measurements made during the STS-28 mission. The drift rate of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) is estimated to be 0.49 degrees W/yr and 0.12 degrees N/yr. The calculated trapped proton and Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) dose for the STS-28 mission were significantly lower than the measured values.     

以聚酰亚胺为基底的柔性导电型第二表面的性能与应用

简略讨论了以Ｋａｐｔｏｎ为基底的柔性导电型第二表面镜的制备，描述了卫星使用的多层隔热结构及接地方法。测试数据表明加有透明导电膜的ＳＳＭ的发射率和太阳吸收率几乎没有改变，因此表明导电膜对热控或隔热效果无丝毫影响。仿照卫星实用的多层隔热结构，最外层采用导电型ＳＳＭ与无导电膜的ＳＳＭ两种材料，在接地与不接地方式下经过模拟亚暴环境的电子辐照试验，７个试样的试验结果显示出加有导电膜的ＳＳＭ防静电性能比不加导电膜的试样极大地提高了。在接地条件下，可把表面电势有效控制在百伏以下，并有力地抑制了表面放电。即使不接地也可降低表面电势值。实验证实表面改性技术和接地技术相结合可以实现最佳的防止卫星表面充放电效果。     

航天器材料KAPTON和F4.6薄膜充电性能研究

Kapton和F4.6是两种航天器上最常用的重要热控材料,但它们都是高绝缘的有机高分子聚合物,故在充分利用它们的优良物化性质时,不能不关心它们在空间亚暴环境下表面充电的性能。为此本文在简述了新增环境温度变化的条件后,详细讨论了这两种材料在模拟空间真空、空间亚暴时电子辐照、太阳辐照及其所处环境温度变化时,它们表面电阻率随环境变化响应规律,并由此预测其充电的状态。     

Improvement of the GRACE star camera data based on the revision of the combination method

The new release of the sensor and instrument data (Level-1B release 02) of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) had a substantial impact on the improvement of the overall accuracy of the gravity field models. This has implied that improvements on the sensor data level can still significantly contribute to arriving closer to the GRACE baseline accuracy. The recent analysis of the GRACE star camera data (SCA1B RL02) revealed their unexpectedly higher noise. As the star camera (SCA) data are essential for the processing of the K-band ranging data and the accelerometer data, thorough investigation of the data set was needed. We fully reexamined the SCA data processing from Level-1A to Level-1B with focus on the combination method of the data delivered by the two SCA heads. In the first step, we produced and compared our own combined attitude solution by applying two different combination methods on the SCA Level-1A data. The first method introduces the information about the anisotropic accuracy of the star camera measurement in terms of a weighing matrix. This method was applied in the official processing as well. The alternative method merges only the well determined SCA boresight directions. This method was implemented on the GRACE SCA data for the first time. Both methods were expected to provide optimal solution characteristic by the full accuracy about all three axes, which was confirmed. In the second step, we analyzed the differences between the official SCA1B RL02 data generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and our solution. SCA1B RL02 contains systematically higher noise of about a factor 3–4. The data analysis revealed that the reason is the incorrect implementation of algorithms in the JPL processing routines. After correct implementation of the combination method, significant improvement within the whole spectrum was achieved. Based on these results, the official reprocessing of the SCA data is suggested, as the SCA attitude data are one of the key observations needed for the gravity field recovery.