基于GIS的雷达网抗干扰效能评估系统设计

针对以往雷达网抗干扰效能评估不具有直观性、脱离战场地形环境的缺点,设计了一种基于GIS的雷达网抗干扰效能评估系统,实现了可视化的雷达网抗干扰效能评估。仿真应用表明,此系统具有较高的推广和实际应用价值。     

基于多级模糊综合评判的雷达网目标识别技术

由于目前的战场环境非常复杂,目标识别具有重要意义。有关雷达的基于模糊综合评判的目标识别技术目前研究比较多,通过类似的方法可以进一步进行雷达网的目标识别,即采取两个单级模糊综合评判方法进行雷达网的目标识别,但这种方法具有一定的弱点,文中根据雷达网探测目标的特点,提出了一种基于多级模糊综合评判的雷达网目标识别方法。对这种方法与雷达网基于两个单级模糊综合评判进行目标识别的方法进行了仿真比较,结果表明前者较之后者具有计算量小、识别精确、便于工程应用的特点。     

防空雷达网体系结构与关键技术

提出了区域防空雷达网应具有的功能体系结构、类型配置体系结构及数据处理体系结构,并对雷达网数据接入、数据融合以及网内雷达实时控制与管理技术进行了分析.     

雷达网对压制式干扰的识别和对目标定位

针对威胁雷达的各种干扰进行分析,得出压制式干扰是雷达网的主要威胁干扰。根据压制式干扰的特征以及雷达网中雷达工作方式,对支援干扰(SOJ)、随队干扰(ESJ)、自卫干扰(SSJ)进行识别。文中给出对目标、干扰机进行定位跟踪的方法,为雷达网跟踪目标提供一定的依据。     

2D雷达组网中目标高度估计误差的Cramér-Rao限

 在由2坐标雷达组成的雷达网中,推导了目标高度估计误差的CRLB(Cram&;#225;r-Rao限),并通过不同条件下的数值计算得到了一些结论。结果表明,目标高度估计误差的CRLB既与雷达的测角误差有关,也与目标和2个雷达站形成的夹角有关系,雷达配置在不同的高度上有利于目标高度估计的收敛性。这些结论对于2坐标雷达组网以及雷达网中的传感器管理具有指导意义。     

雷达站站址误差对多机协同航迹欺骗干扰的影响分析

多机协同航迹欺骗干扰是专门针对雷达网的一种新的电子干扰手段。文章在介绍了多机协同航迹欺骗干扰基本原理的基础上,重点对雷达网内雷达站址误差对航迹欺骗干扰的影响进行了分析,推导了有关理论模型,并以融合中心采用K近似域(K-NN)航迹关联准则为背景,仿真分析了雷达站址误差对航迹欺骗干扰的影响,得出了雷达站址误差对航迹欺骗干扰性能有重要影响、但此影响随电子战飞机与雷达站间的距离增大而降低的结论。     

基于傅里叶变换的航迹对准关联算法

研究了在组网雷达存在系统误差情况下的目标航迹关联问题,理论分析了雷达系统误差对目标航迹的影响,并将该影响表示为目标航迹的旋转和平移量。在此基础上,提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的系统误差配准前航迹对准关联算法,该算法将组网雷达的航迹数据看做为一种整体信息,采用傅里叶变换理论来估计和补偿组网雷达目标航迹数据到融合中心航迹数据的相对旋转量和平移量,将雷达网中雷达上报的目标航迹数据对准到融合中心,从而不依赖于估计雷达网系统误差,实现了误差配准前的航迹准确关联,能够为后端的系统误差配准提供可靠的关联目标航迹数据。     

智能化雷达对抗情报处理技术研究

随着雷达技术的迅猛发展,雷达信号的密度、复杂程度都大幅度提高,这就增加了雷达信号的不确定性因素。本文讨论了粗糙集理论、模糊集理论、证据理论和可能性理论等人工智能技术在雷达对抗情报处理中的应用。对雷达辐射源的型号和工作模式识别、雷达网信息以及所属平台信息的推理技术进行了探索研究,给出了研究建议。     

空管雷达组网的分布式数据融合技术研究

现代空中管制多采用多雷达组网技术对飞机进行监视，以扩大监视空域的覆盖面积并提高对飞机的监视精度。本文就空管雷达网分布式数据融合系统的体系结构进行研究，给出四种分布式体系结构的模型，总结了能够用于分布式组网雷达体系结构的数据融合的基本方法。并展望这一技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

基于马氏距离的雷达网有源假目标干扰鉴别技术

针对雷达网有源假目标干扰问题,为了消除长基线雷达组网时地球曲率对数据处理的影响,通过坐标转换,将各雷达站的目标的量测数据转化到了地心直角(ECEF)坐标系内,得到统一坐标系下的目标量测信息,完成空间上的对准;在此基础上,基于虚假目标的量测与雷达站位置有关,真实目标量测与雷达站无关,因而依据卡方分布的性质,在ECEF坐标系内对各个量测进行卡方检验,鉴别出虚假目标;最后,通过仿真验证了分析的正确性,该算法与工程实际接轨,实用性较强。     

Reduction of Radar Tracking Errors with Frequency Agility

Frequency agility with random frequency in each pulse gives an improvement in radar angle tracking with a monopulse radar. With a conical-scan tracking radar, the glint error is reduced but fading error can be increased, and the net result must be studied in each case. A theory, usable for calculating angle tracking errors with a frequency agile radar, is given, and two examples showing the error reduction are presented. According to the theory, one part of the glint or fading spectra is ``smeared out' to half the pulse repetition frequency. Another part, the size of which depends on the degree of correlation between pulses, keeps the form of the original spectrum.     

防空辅助决策系统中部署方案的评估计算模型

在防空辅助决策系统中,对战斗部署方案进行评估是防空作战中非常关键的一环,评估计算模型的优劣对结论起着重要的影响。防空战斗部署主要包括防空兵器战斗部署和情报预警雷达组网部署两部分。首先分析了防空兵器战斗部署的评估指标体系,用数学规划的方法对其作战能力进行评估。然后运用开马尔可夫排队网络对情报预警能力进行评估。     

一种基于HPC和COTS技术的软件雷达硬件体系结构设计

利用HPC系统强大的运算能力和高速数据传输带宽，通过网络互连所构成的网络拓扑结构，再结合基于具有可靠的工作性能和较低的成本，并且具有标准化、同类器件可替换的COTS技术的产品作为计算节点，构建了一种标准化、模块化的软件雷达硬件体系结构。     

Detection of small objects in clutter using a GA-RBF neural network

Detection of small objects in a radar or satellite image is an important problem with many applications. Due to a recent discovery that sea clutter, the electromagnetic wave backscatter from a sea surface, is chaotic rather than purely random, computational intelligence techniques such as neural networks have been applied to reconstruct the chaotic dynamic of sea clutter. The reconstructed sea clutter dynamical system which usually takes the form of a nonlinear predictor does not only provide a model of the sea scattering phenomenon, but it can also be used to detect the existence of small targets such as fishing boats and small fragments of icebergs by observing abrupt changes in the prediction error. We applied a genetic algorithm (GA) to obtain an optimal reconstruction of sea clutter dynamic based on a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. This GA-RBF uses a hybrid approach that employes a GA to search for the optimum values of the following RBF parameters: centers, variance, and number of hidden nodes, and uses the least square method to determine the weights. It is shown here that if the functional form of an unknown nonlinear dynamical system can be represented exactly using an RBF net (i.e., no approximation error), this GA-RBF approach can reconstruct the exact dynamic from its time series measurements. In addition to the improved accuracy in modeling sea clutter dynamic, the GA-RBF is also shown to enhance the detectability of small objects embedded in the sea. Using real-life radar data that are collected in the east coast of Canada by two different radar systems: a ground-based radar and a satellite equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we show that the GA-RBF network is a reliable detector for small surface targets in various sea conditions and is practical for real-life search and rescue, navigation, and surveillance applications     

Reacting to new air defence threats: a netcentric approach to the Hungarian air defence system augmented by VHF radars

Different types of distributed radar systems and data fusion centers are increasingly used by surface-based air defense systems. Besides the well-established airborne threats, new platforms for air surveillance and attacking devices have appeared and recognized air picture (RAP) production needs to be revised and modified following the events of September 11, 2001. From a military operational and logistic support point of view, it is well-known that not only the long range radars currently in operation, but also the recently procured radars, degrade in performance rapidly and their maintenance costs are high. Using the possibilities offered by emerging technical developments, the problem is to upgrade sensors and existing infrastructure in a way that exploits the information gathered optimally. It is the opinion of this author that one of the most promising approaches to emphasis net-centricity is the use of radar-triangle netcentric structures augmented by netted VHF radars to solve these tasks in a cost-effective manner. This work introduces an analysis of a solution that fully integrates newly required capabilities into the current long range radar net and infrastructure, keeping research and development (R&D) and maintenance at a low cost.     

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology of wide-band radar targets based on scattering center model

Hardware-in-the-loop(HWIL) simulation technology can verify and evaluate the radar by simulating the radio frequency environment in an anechoic chamber. The HWIL simulation technology of wide-band radar targets can accurately generate wide-band radar target echo which stands for the radar target scattering characteristics and pulse modulation of radar transmitting signal. This paper analyzes the wide-band radar target scattering properties first. Since the responses of target are composed of many separate scattering centers, the target scattering characteristic is restructured by scattering centers model. Based on the scattering centers model of wide-band radar target, the wide-band radar target echo modeling and the simulation method are discussed. The wide-band radar target echo is reconstructed in real-time by convoluting the transmitting signal to the target scattering parameters. Using the digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) system,the HWIL simulation of wide-band radar target echo with high accuracy can be actualized. A typical wide-band radar target simulation is taken to demonstrate the preferable simulation effect of the reconstruction method of wide-band radar target echo. Finally, the radar target time-domain echo and high-resolution range profile(HRRP) are given. The results show that the HWIL simulation gives a high-resolution range distribution of wide-band radar target scattering centers.     

An approach to radiated testing of installed airborne Doppler radarwith weather/windshear detection capability

Numerous documents were reviewed to verify radar parameters needed to analyze and present the tester concept described herein. The weather and windshear models defined use the identical criteria established for the Doppler radar in terms of F-factor. The basic concept of the tester is to transmit coherent simulated radar returns in response to the airborne radar's transmission while mounted on a tripod in the far field of the radar when parked on the ramp. The varying amplitude of the received radar pulses are analyzed and put into memory as the tester antenna is illuminated by the scanning main beam and side lobes of the radar's antenna patterns. The tester controls the power of its outputted simulated radar returns in inverse relation to the power of the received radar pulses. These simulated radar returns, outputted into the main beam and/or side lobes of the scanning radar antenna, are interpreted by the radar system as received in the main lobe. The tester transmissions, incorporating microburst, storm and gust front models, previously defined, can thereby test the aircraft radar system performance in various hazard environments. The tester is designed to: verify operational performance of the radar; demonstrate installed radar performance; verify crew reports and minimize radar or LRU's removal for maintenance; test before and after a repair; and verify radome effects on radar performance     

机载预警雷达技术发展探析

分析了世界各国预警雷达发展概况,分别对一至四代预警雷达的功能等进行了研究;论述了新一代预警雷达的工作原理、雷达组成、功能、工作过程和技术特点;指出了机载预警雷达未来发展的关键技术,包括有源相控阵雷达技术、数字阵列雷达技术、共形相控阵技术,双/多频段雷达技术及先进的信号处理技术等。     

基于神经网络的雷达抗干扰效能评估方法

雷达抗干扰效能是衡量雷达设备性能的重要指标,如何准确、客观、快捷地评估雷达抗干扰效能,对雷达、干扰双方均具有重要的现实意义。文章通过对雷达传统的抗干扰效能加权评估方法的分析,提出了基于神经网络的雷达抗干扰效能综合评估方法,并将该评估方法应用于雷达接收机抗干扰的技术等级评判实例中。实例结果表明,该评估方法能客观、定量地评估雷达抗干扰效能,具有一定的实用性。     

Radar Handbook, 3rd Edition (M.I. Skolnik, Ed; 2008) [Book Review]

Thirty eight radar experts contribute to this edition, which includes six completely new chapters on the following topics: ground penetrating radar; remote sensing with radar on satellites; multifunctional radar systems for fighter aircraft (MFAR); digital signal processing for radar; civil marine radar; and propagation. Each chapter contains references, ranging from 10 to 197, with a median of 71. The index runs 18 pages printed in double columns, but is not necessarily complete. Some topics, such as MIMO radar and long range radars to track satellites and ballistic missiles, will have to wait for a 4th edition. This text is the most authoritative, broadest, and deepest single volume on radar. The emphasis is on real world performance and real hardware that has been tested and works successfully in the real world, and the physics relevant to radar systems, as well as radar system engineering cost tradeoffs.