前起落架突伸对舰载飞机弹射起飞航迹的影响

本文研究了舰载飞机的前起落架突伸对弹射起飞航迹的影响．在动力学模型中，把起落架看作是由油气减震器和充气轮胎组成的减震装置．在弹身器末端，前起落架在压缩空气的推动下开始突伸，以增加飞机的离舰迎角。本文计算了两种突伸方式，并比较了它们的结果，这两种方式均能减小离地后的航迹下沉量，并能很好改善弹射起飞性能．     

舰载机变长度减振牵制装置动力学分析

舰载机弹射起飞过程中,由于牵制载荷突卸而产生的前起落架沿航向的快速振动对机体结构和设备都会带来严重的疲劳问题。本文建立了舰载机弹射起飞动力学模型,设计了具有减振功能的舰载机弹射起飞变长度牵制装置,分析了该装置的动力学特性,并对该装置的减振效果进行了参数分析。研究结果表明:牵制载荷沿下扭力臂轴向的载荷分量所造成的缓冲器活塞杆的向后弯曲是导致牵制载荷突卸后前起落架振动的主要原因;变长度减振牵制装置通过实时改变牵制杆长度和牵制角,可大幅降低牵制载荷突卸后前起落架振动以及各铰接点振荡载荷,该装置在解决牵制载荷突卸振动问题中效果明显。     

舰载机前轮滑跃起飞技术

在航母甲板上引入斜坡跑道,使舰载机弹射冲程结束后,前轮单独进入斜坡跑道,从而使飞机抬头。建立了舰载机起飞时的简化分析模型,给出了基于该分析模型的运动微分方程及相关参数的表达式,并采用龙格库塔算法对舰载机在斜坡跑道上滑跑起飞这一过程的动态响应进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,斜坡跑道的引入可以明显降低舰载机离舰后航迹的下沉量,降低舰载机的离舰速度,增加起飞质量,增大前起落架载荷。     

舰载机-拦阻器耦合系统动力学建模与仿真分析

拦阻过程是舰载机着舰过程中的核心环节。舰载机的着舰滑跑响应除受舰载机自身特性、起落架缓冲特性影响外，拦阻器的拦阻特性对舰载机着舰滑跑动响应也具有至关重要的影响。本文提出了舰载机-拦阻器联合仿真分析模型的建模方 法，建立了包含完整的MK7-3拦阻器刚柔耦合动力学模型和某型舰载机动力学模型为一体的舰载机-拦阻器刚柔耦合动力学系统。数值仿真分析结果表明，本文建立的舰载机-拦阻器耦合系统模型能够很好地描述舰载机着舰过程中与拦阻器之间的交互作用特征，舰载机着舰滑跑 数据的计算结果与实验结果吻合。     

考虑俯仰时鸭式布局飞机突风载荷系数计算

采用离散突风模型，通过解飞机运动微分方程，分析计算了飞机在考虑纵向转动时的突风过载系数，与ＮＡＣＡＲ１２０６的计算模型相比，本文的模型考虑了因俯仰而产生的升为增量和因俯仰使飞机迎角变化而产生的升力增量，并以ＡＤ２００双座鸭式布局轻型飞机为例，分析和计算了飞机俯仰对突风过载系数的影响。尽管轻型飞机穿过一个突风的时间相对较长，但对具有静稳定性的飞机，特别是对于通常具有前翼先失速特点的鸭式布局飞机．飞机的俯仰对飞机的最大过载影响不大。ＡＤ２００飞机突风过载计算结果表明：飞机的纵向转动对鸭式布局飞机的突风过载系数的影响很小，可忽略不计，即ＮＡＣＡＲ１２０６给出的突风载荷系数计算公式对鸭式布局轻型飞机是足够精确的。     

西门诺尔飞机前起落架故障模式、影响及致命性分析

根据使用信息统计了西门诺尔机型前起落架的故障类型,分析了故障原因,并使用FMECA分析方法得出了西门诺尔飞机前起落架的故障模式、影响及致命性,为设计改进,特别是使用维护提供了有价值的依据。     

舰载机弹射起飞结构动态响应分析方法与应用

舰载机在弹射起飞过程中，载荷大、加速度大、距离短、时间短，且受大气扰动、航母运动的影响，存在复杂的强非线性多学科动力学耦合问题。文中建立了舰载飞机-弹射系统简耦多体动力学模型，考虑在舰面摇晃载荷、侧风载荷作用下，利用ADAMS 动力学仿真软件对舰载机弹射起飞进行刚柔耦合多体动力学仿真分析，获得弹射起飞过程中飞机机体过载传递路径和应变分布。通过仿真分析与相关文献中试验数据进行对比表明，这种仿真方法能够高效模拟强非线性复杂载荷耦合下的舰载机弹射起飞过程，为舰载机弹射起飞全过程研究及机身结构设计提供参考。     

飞行员改装应注意细节

从一架双发康曼什（Comanche）飞机起落架故障出发，对飞行员的故障处理过程进行了介绍和分析，并结合另外两起类似事件，阐明了这样一个主题：飞行员改善应注意细节。     

起落架着陆动态仿真分析模型及参数优化设计

以支柱式起落架飞机为原型，建立了一个适用于ADAMS软件的起落架着陆动态性能分析模型，并进行了仿真分析和参数优化设计。仿真分析结果与试验结果比较有着较好的一致性．参数优化设计有着很好的参考价值。研究结果表明，基于ADAMS软件进行飞机起落架仿真分析是切实可行的，从而为在ADAMS软件基础上进一步开发飞机起落架数值样机作出了有意义的尝试。此外，与编写FORTRAN源程序比较，利用ADAMS软件可节省大量的人力与时间，精度可靠，便于优化分析与改进设计，通用性好。     

柔性飞机起落架改进设计

综合运用着陆响应模拟和优化设计方法以改进大柔性飞机起落架的设计.以弹性飞机的三质量块等效模型、油气缓冲器多方指数气体弹力模型、油气缓冲器速率平方油孔阻力模型和幂函数轮胎力模型模拟弹性飞机着陆动力学.考虑了大柔性飞机着陆撞击中的缓冲器最大行程、最大缓冲器力及机翼最大位移,对起落架参数进行优化设计.结果表明,大柔性飞机机体结构弹性对起落架参数设计有较大的影响,采用优化设计的油针式缓冲器可以改进起落架的着陆性能.     

Automatic Carrier Landing Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Preview Control

For carrier-based unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),one of the important problems is the design of an automatic carrier landing system(ACLS)that would enable the UAVs to accomplish autolanding on the aircraft carrier.However,due to the movements of the flight deck with six degree-of-freedom,the autolanding becomes sophisticated.To solve this problem,an accurate and effective ACLS is developed,which is composed of an optimal preview control based flight control system and a Kalman filter based deck motion predictor.The preview control fuses the future information of the reference glide slope to improve landing precision.The reference glide slope is normally a straight line.However,the deck motion will change the position of the ideal landing point,and tracking the ideal straight glide slope may cause landing failure.Therefore,the predictive deck motion information from the deck motion predictor is used to correct the reference glide slope,which decreases the dispersion around the desired landing point.Finally,simulations are carried out to verify the performance of the designed ACLS based on a nonlinear UAV model.     

Dynamics Analysis of Carrier-Based Aircraft with Off-Center Catapult Launch

In order to enhance the safety of the catapult launch of the carrier-based aircraft,the catapult launch multibody dynamic model is established aiming at the problem of off-center catapult launch. The whole catapult process including four stages which are buffering,tensioning,releasing and taxiing is taken into consideration and the body dynamics of the off-center catapult during each stage is analyzed. The catapult launch dynamic differences between the conditions only considering taxiing and that considering four stages are compared,and the effects of the different initial off-center distances considering four stages on the attitude,landing gear load and acceleration of the carrier-based aircraft during catapult launch are discussed. The results show that only considering taxiing may underestimate the dynamics of the carrier-based aircraft substantially. When taking four stages into consideration,the initial off-center distance has small influence on the aircraft dynamic characteristics during buffering and tensioning but has larger influence on that during releasing and taxiing. The increase of the off-center distance will cause the enhancement of the aircraft rolling and yawing,which may lead to the load difference between the left and right landing gears and the increase of the aircraft lateral acceleration. The establishment and simulation of the catapult launch multi-body dynamic model founded on buffering,tensioning,releasing and taxiing provide reference for the carrier-based aircraft design and analysis of the catapult launch dynamics.     

All-Electric Aircraft Nose Wheel Steering System with Two Worm Gears

As all-electric aircraft has many advantages,an aircraft nose wheel steering system would be developed to the all-electric direction.Concerning the control demand of the nose wheel steering system,based on the basic principles of nose wheel steering system and the design technique of mechanotronics,an all-electric aircraft nose wheel steering system,composed of a nose wheel steering mechanism of two worm gear and a control servo system of fly-by-wire with both steering and anti-shimmy functions is designed to meet the demand for operation control in the nose wheel steering system.Then,based on the LMS-AMESim software,the simulation model of the system is established to simulate the dynamics for the verification of its steering function.The simulation results indicate that the nose wheel steering system is reasonable,and can meet the requirements of the general project.Furthermore,the prototypes of the steering mechanism and control system are studied to validate the design,and the steering test bench is prepared to test the designed system.The test results,such as steer angle,rotate speed of motor are analyzed in details and compared with the theoretical results.The analysis and comparison results show that the design is reasonable and the property of the prototype can achieve the design objectives.     

Optimal Preview Control for Automatic Carrier Landing System of Carrier-Based Aircraft with Air Wake

Carrier-based aircraft carrier landing is a special kind of tracking control problem and not suitable for classical control methods,which may miss the desired performance or result in overdesign.Therefore,we present an optimal preview control for automatic carrier landing system(ACLS)by using state information of system,as well as future reference information,which can avoid the shortcomings of classical control methods.Since the flight performance of carrier-based aircraft is disturbed by air wake when the aircraft flies near the area of carrier stern,we design a disturbance rejection strategy to ensure that aircraft track the glide path with high precision and robustness.Further,carrier-based aircraft is a complex nonlinear system.However,the nonlinear model of carrier-based aircraft can be linearized at equilibrium landing state and decoupled into the longitudinal model and the lateral model.Therefore,an optimal preview control system is designed.The simulation results of a carrier-based aircraft show that the optimal preview control system can effectively suppress air wake.Tracking accuracy of optimal preview controller is higher than that of the proportional integral differential(PID)control system.     

大型民机双作动筒式前轮转弯操纵系统设计与仿真分析

为了提高飞机起降性能,当前飞机起落架逐步发展为采用电传操纵技术。而为了满足对低速大转角机动和大转弯力矩的要求,现代大部分大型民机都装配了双作动筒式前轮转弯系统。本文以大型民机的双作动筒式电传前轮转弯操纵系统为研究对象,针对双作动筒式前轮转弯机构设计一种随动转阀式换向阀,以满足其在死点位置时液压源换向的要求;随后基于双作动筒式前轮转弯系统对操纵控制的要求,设计了集手轮低速大角度转弯、脚蹬快速小角度转弯以及减摆功能于一体的飞机前轮操纵电液伺服系统,并建立仿真模型,进行动态仿真分析,以检验系统的各项功能。仿真结果表明,系统能够满足工程使用的要求。     

SIMULATION OF LARGE CIVIL AIRCRAFT LANDING RESPONSE UNDER CONSIDERATIONS OF FLEXIBLE AIRFRAME

To evaluate the landing response of the large civil aircraft in the conceptual design phase , a method for simulating aircraft landing is given.The model for the shock absorber is investigated.The flexible airframe model is established using finite element model ( FEM ) to analyze its modes.Then , the whole aircraft model with flexible airframe is made for the multibody simulation.Tail-down , two-point , three-point and sideslip landing scenarios are studied.The influence on the landing performance considering mode superposition of the flexible airframe is analyzed.Both longitudinal and spanwise positions of the main landing gear are changed to research the influence on the landing performance.Results show that the method is feasible.The shock absorber axial force of the main landing gear with the flexible airframe is smaller than that of rigid airframe.The number of mode superposition and the position of main landing gear can influence the landing response.     

基于边条优化外形的全机纵向响应与增升效果研究

用遗传基因算法优化设计了翼-身-尾全机模型机翼边条.通过求解全机纵向运动状态方程,分析了全机模型带与不带机翼边条时纵向动态响应问题.涉及的气动力、力距和纵向稳定导数等则由三维低阶板块法计算获得.通过优化设计,新的带有机翼边条的模型飞机,其升力线斜率可明显提高.当Ma=0.4-0.9时,斜率约提高13%-17%;当Ma=1.5时,约提高12%.数值计算结果表明:在装有机翼边条时,由于短周期频率和阻尼比的提高,飞机对在交战飞行时特别的偏转控制输入响应敏捷.最后,给出了部分基于板块法的气动力结果与Cy-20飞机飞行试验数据的比较.