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针对升力式飞行器升阻比较大、横向再入机动能力较强的特点,提出了一种综合考虑着陆场位置、返回时间和离轨燃耗约束的最短时间离轨点设计方法。首先,在飞行器运行轨道和着陆场位置给定的条件下,求解了着陆点与星下点轨迹的最小横向距离,并考虑位置及时间约束,根据再入可达域参数确定了再入航程角和再入时间范围。其次,考虑离轨燃耗约束,推导了再入角给定时离轨航程角和离轨时间的解析计算方法,采用牛顿迭代法求解二者取值范围。最后,依据离轨段及再入段航程角范围确定了离轨窗口,用非线性优化方法求解了返回时间最短的离轨点位置。数值仿真表明,所提方法能实现多约束下的飞行器最短返回时间离轨轨道计算,具有较好的适应性,可为航天器离轨方案设计提供参考。 相似文献
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沈祖炜 《运载火箭与返回技术》2001,22(2):1-6
长期以来返回式飞行器为承受再入气动载荷和着陆冲击,采用具有防热层的刚性飞行器壳体,导致返回舱的质量和外形大于有效载荷的数倍。柔性可膨胀再入防热锥可解决上述不足之处,这种锥形返回舱在返回前进行充气改变其气动特性,使在返回过程中达到所需的气动参数和最终着陆速度,可膨胀再入防热锥技术能使有效载荷舱获得广泛用途,不但能使航天员,货物和昂贵的硬件安全返回地面,还能在载人飞行遇险时作为应急救生的有效措施,以及在未来火星探测中发挥积极作用。 相似文献
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提出一种升力式再入航天器进入稠密大气后的轨迹规划方法。在预先设定攻角剖面的前提下,利用路径约束(驻点热流、动压和过载)在高度-速度(H-V)剖面内直接获得轨迹下边界;利用终端约束确定以轨迹下边界为基准的高度增量,进而通过下边界与高度增量的加和形成满足要求的再入轨迹。其中,增量的形式选取为分段二次型函数,其大小可通过割线法快速获得。倾斜角大小可根据纵向动力学方程反解得到,其方向依据航向误差角走廊确定。通过对典型工况的仿真,结果表明所提方法能够快速规划出再入轨迹,且适应性好。 相似文献
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基于改进的Gauss伪谱法,研究了探月返回器跳跃式再入轨迹优化设计问题.首先给出了探月返回器再入轨迹优化问题的三维模型.然后针对探月返回器配平攻角飞行的特点,考虑到实际倾侧角反转机动不可能瞬时完成,对单一控制变量倾侧角的变化范围进行合理限制,并以总吸热量为性能指标,设计了满足过载和驻点热流约束的小升力体大航程跳跃式再入轨迹.最后基于该优化算法,将返回器在各相同初始条件下发生跳跃和不发生跳跃时的最大航程进行比较,并求解得到在不同升阻比和存在不同程度大气密度偏差时不发生跳跃的再入轨迹最大航程和过载峰值,以分析跳跃式轨迹在扩大小升力体再入航程方面的优势. 相似文献
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赵翔 《运载火箭与返回技术》1996,17(4):8-13
把有些航天器(如空间站和侦察卫星等)上的物品返回地面,有两种方法可选用:一种是搭载天地往返运输系统返回,另一种是利用航天器上设置的专用返回舱返回。TAURUS和FAST是德国在80年代末设想的两种多体回收小型返回舱。它们预先装在空间站和贮存库中,需要时即可携带待返物品离开空间站、再入大气层并返回地面。文中主要介绍TAURUS返回舱的运行程序及主要构件(有效载荷舱、弹射装置及辅助设施等)。 相似文献
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长期以来返回式飞行器为承受再入气动载荷和着陆冲击 ,采用具有防热层的刚性飞行器壳体 ,导致返回舱的质量和外形大于有效载荷的数倍。柔性可膨胀再入防热锥可解决上述不足之处 ,这种锥形返回舱在返回前进行充气改变其气动特性 ,使在返回过程中达到所需的气动参数和最终着陆速度。可膨胀再入防热锥技术能使有效载荷舱获得广泛用途 ,不但能使航天员、货物和昂贵的硬件安全返回地面 ,还能在载人飞行遇险时作为应急救生的有效措施 ,以及在未来火星探测中发挥积极作用。 相似文献
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用工程算法对充气式再入航天器的全展开半径,半锥角,刚性头锥半径与全展开半径之比三个方面的参数进行了优化计算,获得同时满足航天器质量,刚性头锥及柔性防热系统温度约束条件的充气式再入航天器的设计方案,计算得到了优化设计方案整个再入过程的外热流密度和温度变化规律,并且通过与文献中数据对比,验证了文中工程算法的正确性。针对再入过程的外热流密度和温度条件,参考充气式再入返回试验(Inflatable Reentry Vehicle Experiment,IRVE)典型防热材料,设计不同的柔性防热系统结构试验件。最后,通过热冲击试验,得到了各试验件冷端的温度响应,验证了各试验件在再入温度条件下防热性能。文章提出的柔性防热系统结构的改进方向,可为充气式再入航天器的设计分析提供参考。 相似文献
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基于多学科设计优化算法的再入轨迹优化设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
传统的再入轨迹优化问题通常是在气动外形和质量等总体参数给定的情况下建立起来的。所设计的最优轨迹从飞行力学的角度来看是最优的,但从系统角度来看未必是最优的。在总体初步设计阶段,考虑气动外形和质量等其他学科影响的再入轨迹优化对于提高RLV的系统性能无疑具有重要意义。此时再入轨迹优化将是一个静态,动态多学科混合优化问题。以球头双锥的升力体构型RLV为例,以最小化热防护系统质量和最大横向机动距离为指标,采用两种典型的多学科优化算法来研究考虑气动外形、轨迹和热防护系统三个学科的再入轨迹优化设计问题。仿真结果表明多学科优化算法能够用来求解静态,动态多学科混合优化的再入轨迹优化设计问题,是RLV初步外形设计和任务轨迹规划的重要工具。 相似文献
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再入走廊给出了飞行器满足任务要求、并安全返回地球的再入飞行范围,它是再入轨道优化、再入方案设计、再入飞行任务规划等的重要部分。文章通过再入动力学建模,引入Chapman假设,进行了航天器从外层空间返回的再入走廊的研究,分析了影响再入走廊边界的重要因素,并以航天飞机为例计算了再入走廊,验证了该分析方法的正确性。 相似文献
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NASA's planned Ares V cargo launch vehicle offers the potential to completely change the paradigm of future space science mission architectures. Future space science telescopes desire increasingly larger telescope collecting aperture. But, current launch vehicle mass and volume constraints are a severe limit. The Ares V greatly relaxes these constraints. For example, while current launch vehicles have the ability to place a 4.5 m diameter payload with a mass of 9400 kg on to a Sun-Earth L2 transfer trajectory, the Ares V is projected to have the ability to place an 8.8 m diameter payload with a mass of approximately 60,000 kg on to the same trajectory, or 180,000 kg into Low Earth Orbit. Also the Ares V could place approximately 3000 kg (13,000 kg with a Centaur upper stage) on to a trajectory with a C3 of 106 km2/s2, arriving at Saturn in 6.1 years without the use of gravity assists. This paper summarizes the current planned Ares V payload launch capability. 相似文献
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This paper presents a new multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methodology for preliminary design of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle (AOTV) performing a two-way transfer between a low-Earth “parking” orbit and a high-energy orbit. This work has been performed in the frame of Onera's CENTOR [N. Bérend, C. Jolly, F. Jouhaud, D. Lazaro, Y. Mauriot, C. Monjaret, J.M. Moschetta, M. Parlier, J.L. Pastre, Y. Servouze, J.L. Vérant, Project CENTOR: Preparing the design of future orbital transfer vehicles; IAC-07-D.2.3.07, in: 58th International Astronautical Congress, 24–28/09/2007, Hyderabad, India] project whose objective is to prepare tools and methodology for studying and designing future space transportation systems for new kinds of missions such as on-orbit servicing (OOS), payload ferrying, or in-situ observation of space-debris. Using simplified models and an appropriate low-dimension formulation for the optimization problem the method makes possible to obtain rapidly and easily a global view of the trade-off between the payload mass and the total mass. It also makes possible to discuss the feasibility of the vehicle with regard to different multidisciplinary constraints and technology hypotheses for the heat shield. This approach is illustrated by eight different AOTV design studies, considering two different missions (LEO–MEO and LEO–GEO), two different propulsion technologies (LOX-LH2 and LOX-CH4) and two different thermal protection system (TPS) characteristics. In each case, we discuss the feasibility and characteristics of the lightest vehicle carrying a prescribed 100 kg payload, and, conversely, a heavy vehicle with a prescribed 18 ton total mass, carrying the heaviest possible payload. 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》2010,66(11-12):1668-1678
This paper presents a new multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methodology for preliminary design of an aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicle (AOTV) performing a two-way transfer between a low-Earth “parking” orbit and a high-energy orbit. This work has been performed in the frame of Onera's CENTOR [N. Bérend, C. Jolly, F. Jouhaud, D. Lazaro, Y. Mauriot, C. Monjaret, J.M. Moschetta, M. Parlier, J.L. Pastre, Y. Servouze, J.L. Vérant, Project CENTOR: Preparing the design of future orbital transfer vehicles; IAC-07-D.2.3.07, in: 58th International Astronautical Congress, 24–28/09/2007, Hyderabad, India] project whose objective is to prepare tools and methodology for studying and designing future space transportation systems for new kinds of missions such as on-orbit servicing (OOS), payload ferrying, or in-situ observation of space-debris. Using simplified models and an appropriate low-dimension formulation for the optimization problem the method makes possible to obtain rapidly and easily a global view of the trade-off between the payload mass and the total mass. It also makes possible to discuss the feasibility of the vehicle with regard to different multidisciplinary constraints and technology hypotheses for the heat shield. This approach is illustrated by eight different AOTV design studies, considering two different missions (LEO–MEO and LEO–GEO), two different propulsion technologies (LOX-LH2 and LOX-CH4) and two different thermal protection system (TPS) characteristics. In each case, we discuss the feasibility and characteristics of the lightest vehicle carrying a prescribed 100 kg payload, and, conversely, a heavy vehicle with a prescribed 18 ton total mass, carrying the heaviest possible payload. 相似文献
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末端区域能量管理段的主要目的是控制航天飞机的动能和势能,并最终达到进场着陆段的初始要求,以保证最终成功着陆。制导系统通过能量、速度和侧向轨迹的控制,使航天飞机达到标准的能量状态。而航程设计是制导系统的基础,制导系统中控制指令的产生都依赖于航程预测,因此,设计预测航程对航天飞机顺利完成末区能量管理段的飞行至关重要。所采用的制导方法是将末端区域能量管理段划分为四个飞行段,即S形转弯段、捕获段、航向校准段及进场前飞行段。分别对四段进行了预测航程设计,并给出了仿真实例。仿真结果表明所设计的航程能够使航天飞机很好地完成末区能量管理段的飞行,具有较高的工程实现价值。 相似文献
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A major problem with operations of lifting reentry vehicle having an aft center-of-gravity location due to large engine mass at the rear is the required hypersonic trim to fight the desired trajectory. This condition is most severe for lifting maneuvers. As a first step toward analyzing this problem, this paper considers the lift requirement for some basic maneuvers in the plane of a great circle. Considerations are given to optimal lift control for achieving the maximization of either the final altitude, speed or range. For the maximum-range problem, phugoid oscillation along an optimal trajectory is less severe as compared to a glide with maximum lift-to-drag ratio. An explicit formula for the number of oscillations for an entry from orbital speed is proposed. 相似文献