共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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诸如载人航天器、潜艇及地下涵洞等有限空间,由于空间小、密闭性强、人员活动频繁,应对突发污染能力差,当发生突发污染事故,直接影响密闭空间内人员的身体健康和生命安全,亟需发展一种可行的突发污染源辨识方法,提高上述密闭环境应对突发污染事故的能力。针对三维密闭空间内的持续污染源,提出一种基于多位置假设的突发污染源定位方法,利用单传感器的观测数据实现三维空间内突发持续污染源辨识;为了提高起始污染浓度感知速度和突发持续污染源定位精度,同时提出采用单边U检测方法进行污染感知;另外针对影响定位的主要因素进行仿真分析。本项研究能够为三维密闭空间内突发持续污染控制提供有效依据。 相似文献
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国外载人航天器座舱空气化学污染与对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
国外载人航天器座舱空气化学污染与对策余秉良载人航天器座舱空气化学污染已成为卫生毒理学研究的首要问题。座舱空气受到缓慢积累的或突发事故的化学污染,会对航天员安全构成严重威胁。座舱空气化学污染的潜在危险随着航天器飞行时间的延长而增加。载人航天器的密闭环境... 相似文献
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基于推力器的组合航天器质量特性辨识方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
组合航天器的质量特性辨识对提高其姿态轨道控制的精度和快速性有至关重要的作用。对基于推力器的总质量、质心位置和惯量矩阵的在轨辨识进行了研究。基于推力作用下的平动方程可得到质心位置和总质量的耦合辨识方程,基于转动方程可得到转动惯量和质心位置的耦合辨识方程,通过对角速度和线加速度进行多次采样,利用最小二乘法求解这2类辨识方程可完成总质量、质心位置和惯量矩阵的在轨辨识。基于上述辨识原理,提出一种闭环稳定的解耦质量特性辨识方法,通过设计合适的推力器工作策略,实现总质量、质心位置和惯量矩阵的解耦辨识,并采用一种不依赖于转动惯量的控制算法,使组合航天器的姿态在辨识结束后恢复到稳定状态。仿真表明,采用闭环稳定的解耦质量特性辨识方法,可保证组合航天器在推力器激励后的姿态稳定性。在仿真采用的动力学干扰、推力器误差和敏感器误差下,总质量、质心位置和惯量矩阵的辨识精度可达到10-3量级。 相似文献
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针对依靠空气动力机动飞行的飞行器飞行轨迹受平稳风场影响大的特性,提出了一种以过载控制辅助实现风速辨识的方法.对地面风场特性进行了分析,建立了简化的风场模型,利用铅垂方向风场分量近似为0的特性推导了风场辨识算法,然后阐述了风速辨识流程,给出过载控制实现方案、风场估算公式,最后通过数学仿真验证了该方案在线辨识风速的有效性,为实现制导控制系统实时弹道风修正提供了技术支撑. 相似文献
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本文叙述了表征雾化性能的参数及其意义.分析了火箭发动机使用的直流式、撞击式、离心式及同轴式喷嘴的雾化机理,介绍了上述喷嘴雾化性能研究的最新结果、测试雾化性能的技术及研究雾化特性的实验方法,并指出了存在的问题。供有关人员参考. 相似文献
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大型三轴气浮台转动惯量和干扰力矩高精度联合辨识技术 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
利用三轴气浮台对遥感卫星进行载荷平台一体化全系统闭环物理仿真,可模拟卫星在轨运行时的动力学特性,验证整星在轨状态下的姿控特性和相机成像特性等。高精度辨识气浮台转动惯量和综合干扰力矩为三轴气浮台质量特性调整及量化评估整星级试验性能提供重要参数。文章提出一种新的大型三轴气浮台转动惯量和干扰力矩联合辨识技术,通过台上飞轮对三轴施加激励作用,利用激光陀螺等姿态测量数据实现对台体惯量矩阵和干扰力矩的高精度联合辨识。与传统辨识方法不同,该技术仅利用本体角速度信息,不需要角加速度信息,避免了角速度微分引起的噪声放大,将转动惯量辨识相对误差控制在3.5%以内,气浮系统综合干扰力矩优于0.003 N·m,满足了高精度参数辨识需求。 相似文献
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流星突发通信特性分析及其应用与发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
流星突发通信是一种新颖的通信方式。它是利用流星与大气剧烈摩擦所形成的短暂电离余迹(尾巴),对无线电波产生反射或散射作用进行的远距离通信。文章分析了流星余迹的形成及其电气特性;在此基础上介绍了利用流星余迹进行突发通信的可能性及实现方法,并分析了流星突发通信的优点与不足;最后介绍了流星突发通信在商业和军事上的应用及发展趋势。 相似文献
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模型的稀疏选择与参数辨识及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于正则化技术的稀疏成分分析方法可同时完成模型选择和参数估计功能。现分别从迭代算法的设计和对应岭估计的构造两方面切入,研究正则化函数的选取及特点,并深入分析其模型参数辨识的机理,说明正则化参数与广义岭估计的最佳岭参数的耦合性。该方法可操作性强,可保证参数迭代的收敛性,对于正则化函数的构造和参数估计的统计特性分析均有规则可循。缺项多项式和制导工具误差系数求解的数值例子表明,该方法具有有效的一体化模型选择和参数估计功能。 相似文献
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文章制定了航天器结构板表面污染物成分鉴定与来源解析的技术方案,并根据该方案采用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared, ATR-FTIR)检测技术对航天器热真空试验后结构板表面的白色污染物进行成分鉴定,结果表明污染物的主要成分为酰胺类物质。将疑似污染物来源物质的ATR-FTIR光谱图与污染物光谱图进行对比分析,推断出航天器结构板表面污染物来源于热真空试验过程中含胶热缩管内层的热熔胶,并通过验证试验证明了污染物来源推断的正确性。研究可为航天器污染物的预防和控制提供技术支持。 相似文献
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飞行器复杂外结构的环境热流计算方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种通用的、适合飞行器复杂外结构环境热流的计算方法。采用由环境映射面组成的封闭结构对空间飞行器进行包覆,根据飞行器的轨道特征及瞬时位置,确定映射面上环境热流的大小及方向。在映射封闭结构与飞行器表面组成的辐射换热系统中,通过蒙特卡罗法结合设备表面的镜、漫反射特性,计算环境映射面到各设备表面的辐射传递因子,进而获得在轨飞行器不同位置的瞬时环境热流。计算中考虑了结构表面间的遮挡及多次反射问题,解决了空间飞行器因设备众多、尺寸差异大、表面辐射特性不同等给热流计算带来的困难,并为后期的热分析计算提供精确数据。
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Homick JL 《Acta Astronautica》1979,6(10):1259-1272
Space motion sickness, presumably triggered by sudden entry into a weightless environment, occurred with unexpected frequency and severity among astronauts who flew the Skylab missions. Recovery from symptoms was complete within 3-5 days, and as revealed by the Skylab M131 Human Vestibular Function Experiment, all crewmembers were immune to experimentally induced motion sickness after mission day 8. This syndrome has been recognized as a possible threat to the early mission well-being and operational efficiency of at least some individuals who will fly space missions in the future. The causes of space motion sickness are not clearly understood, nor have satisfactory methods been identified to date for its prediction, prevention and treatment. In order to minimize the potential impact of this syndrome on Space Shuttle crew operations the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has organized a broad program of inter-disciplinary research involving a large number of scientists in the United States. Current research on the etiology of space motion sickness is based to a large extent on the so called sensory conflict theory. Investigations of the behavioral and neurophysiological consequences of intralabyrinthine, as well as intermodality sensory conflict are being performed. The work in this area is being influenced by the presumed alterations that occur in otolith behavior in weightlessness. In addition to sensory conflict, the possible relationship between observed cephalad shifts of body fluids in weightlessness and space motion sickness is being investigated. Research to date has failed to support the fluid shift theory. Research underway to identify reliable test methods for the prediction of susceptibility to space motion sickness on an individual basis includes attempts to (a) correlate susceptibility in different provocative environments; (b) correlate susceptibility with vestibular and non-vestibular response parameters, the latter including behavioral, hemodynamic and biochemical factors and (c) correlate susceptibility with rate of acquisition and length of retention of sensory adaptation. Controlled studies are also being performed during parabolic flight as a means of attempting to validate predictive tests for susceptibility to this syndrome. Research to develop new or improved countermeasures for space motion sickness is underway in two primary areas. One of these involves anti-motion sickness drugs. Significant achievements have been realized with regard to the identification of new highly efficacious drug combinations, dose levels and routes of administration. Although pronounced individual variations must be accounted for in selecting the optimum drug and dose level, combinations of promethazine plus ephedrine or scopolamine plus dexidrine are presently the drugs of choice. Work is also underway to identify side effects associated with anti-motion sickness drug use and to identify new drugs which may selectively modify activity in central neural pathways involved in motion sickness. In addition to research on drugs, efforts are being made to develop practical vestibular training methods. Variables which influence rate of acquisition of adaptation, length of retention of adaptation and transfer of protective adaptation to new environments are being evaluated. Also, included in this area is the use of biofeedback and autogenic therapy to train individuals to regulate autonomic responses associated with motion sickness. While valuable new knowledge is expected to evolve from these combined research programs, it is concluded that the final validation of predictive tests and countermeasures will require a series of controlled space flight experiments. 相似文献