基于双频激光相位测量五轴转台角度定位的误差分析

为提高光学制导仿真用五轴转台角度定位测量精度,提出一种基于双频激光干涉的相位测量方法。结合多齿分度盘搭建双频激光干涉相位测量光路,在五轴转台现场进行测试,并定量分析双频激光测量系统的误差因素。结果表明,结合多齿分度盘可以实现大角度的转台角度定位测量,在每±5°测量范围内,测角误差小于0.5″,可以用于试验室现场五轴转台角度定位的高精度测量。     

基于相位重合点检测技术的频标比对系统

相位重合点检测是一种高准确度测量周期性信号参数的技术,已实际应用于高准确度频率计中。介绍了相位重合点检测技术的原理及其在频标比对系统中的应用。实际工作情况证明,采用相位重合点检测技术的频标比对系统,具有电路简单,可靠性高的优点,测量分辨力达到了100 ps量级。     

振动位移激光干涉测量系统的改进

石英晶体谐振器振动位移激光干涉测量系统的改进工作业已完成。在本文中作了如下的改进:在激光束上加上直流相位控制和偏移小的低频相位调制而得到数字形式的振动位移幅度。测量和数据处理是通过计算机系统来完成的。经改善的系统可用来测量低达5A的振动位移,在1MHz～10MHz频率范围内,其测量重复性为百分之几。使用这个系统,对平凸SC切石英晶体谐振器的详细振动位移分布进行了测量。     

单片机控制的线纹尺测量系统

介绍了一个由８０３１单片机控制的线纹尺测量系统。该系统利用激光比长仪的机械部分和光路系统，以８０３１单片机为下位机，用其控制自动检测并且计数脉冲，以８０２８６ＰＣ机为上位机，用其进行数据处理并直接打印出检定证书。     

射频脉冲序列随机起伏的数据采集

数据采集系统是射频脉冲序列脉间频率稳定度测试系统中的一部分。该系统由微波部分、视频电路及数据采集部分构成。它用于测量雷达脉间相位噪声。射频脉间相位噪声经过微波检测电路、视频电路后变成随机起伏的视频脉冲信号。数据采集就是对脉冲信号采样、模数转换,将一段连续采集的数据存入微机。着重讨论数据采集的工作原理、采集电路的构成、几种采集方法,最后对采集精度及动态进行了分析。     

运动目标空间位置激光跟踪测量系统新进展

运动目标空间位置激光跟踪测量系统采用激光动态瞄准和激光干涉测距原理以及精密仪器控制技术，对空间运动目标进行跟踪并实时测量其位置和姿态。该系统是国际计量测试领域研究的前沿课题。根据测量原理，将其分为干涉法和三角法。在干涉法中，根据跟踪测量机构的数量分为一站法和多站法；三角法根据使用的跟踪原理分为光学扫描法和经纬仪法。给出了各种测量方法的准确度，并对其优缺点进行了较为详细的评述。     

外差干涉型光纤应变传感技术的研究

研究了一种采用高双折射纤模间干涉的应变传感器。传感器利用注入结电流直接调频的半导体激光（ＬＤ）产生外差干涉，从而实现了干涉相位的线性检测。实验结果显示干涉相位的分辨力为一个干涉条纹的２．５％，其相应的光纤应变是３６×１０－６ｍ。     

多通路激光火工品等效测量装置设计

激光火工品起爆系统的功能完整性影响着火工品的正常起爆。为了检测起爆系统的完整性,设计了一款以FPGA为核心的多通道激光火工品等效测量装置。该装置利用光电转换电路、放大滤波电路、A/D采样电路以及双SDRAM存储机制对每个通路的起爆激光功率进行连续采样,并通过板载CPCI总线与上位机完成控制指令和数据交换。试验表明,该装置激光功率采样精度和时序采样精度均满足设计要求,系统设计方案可行。     

面向"CE-3号"软着陆过程的深空网干涉测量技术

针对"CE-3号"探测器软着陆过程中弹道位置测定的问题,利用中国深空网干涉测量测轨数据,论述并验证了应用深空网干涉测量技术支持探月卫星软着陆过程中弹道位置测定的可行性。针对提取同一时刻观测量的两个核心技术,论述了自适应模型重构算法以及干涉相位解模糊算法,克服了软着陆过程航天器机动不确定性恶化轨道预报精度,进而引起相关引导模型失效的问题;利用跟踪过程中目标干涉相位连续特性递推实现干涉相位解模糊。实测数据的处理分析表明,深空网干涉测量数据处理分析精度在0.3ns量级,对应于约30nrad的角位置精度。     

一种基于探测器下行信号融合处理的无线电干涉测量方法

针对深空探测器常用下行信号体制,结合无线电干涉测量特点,提出了一种基于探测器DOR信标信号和数传信号融合处理的干涉测量方法。该方法首先通过相关处理得到DOR信号和数传信号的差分相位,利用DOR信号进行带宽综合得到时延估计,并构建时延模型;然后,利用时延模型得到DOR信号与数传信号在数传载波处的相位差,并以此对数传信号差分相位进行补偿;最后,利用DOR信号差分相位和补偿后的数传信号差分相位进行带宽综合,实现高精度干涉测量。深空探测网数据处理结果表明融合处理后时延估计随机误差明显降低;但受介质时延误差影响,融合处理对系统时延精度的改善幅度有所减小。该方法仅通过改进干涉测量数据处理方法即实现了时延估计随机误差的改善,不仅提高了信号使用效率,而且增强了航天测控系统的鲁棒性,在应急测控背景下具有特殊意义。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.