Aeronautical information and meteorological data-link services

Aeronautical Information and Meteorological Management is a key component of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) global Air Traffic Management (ATM) operational concept. This global ATM concept is central to the Joint Planning and Development Office's (JPDO) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS), and underlies Europe's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) initiative. The availability of timely, accurate, and relevant aeronautical and meteorological information in the cockpit is critical for safe conduct of flight and forms the basis for Air Traffic Management (ATM) decision-making. The data-link of aeronautical and meteorological information will facilitate the creation of a common picture of the airspace situation for all flight crews, air traffic controllers, and airline operations personnel. Change notifications, timely warnings and alerts of threats to safe and efficient flight conduct will be enabled by these services. The ultimate goal is to provide access to on-line, real-time, quality information, and weather services to any aviation user, anytime, anywhere. In this framework, we present operational services and environment of the Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) and Meteorological (MET) data-link services envisaged to be implemented over the next decade in both Europe and the USA. It reflects concepts and system performance requirements currently developed by a joint EUROCAE (WG-76) / RTCA (SC-206) Committee. The envisaged AIM data-link services are presented: aeronautical updates both in textual and graphical fore, synchronization of aeronautical data between on-board and ground systems (exchange of permanent aeronautical data regardless of AIRAC cycles). The MET data-link services are also developed: weather planning, near-term, and reactive decision services.     

基于时间触发架构的系统通信设计应用研究

本文详细介绍了基于时间触发架构的应用系统通信模型设计方法：结合某型飞机综合数据管理系统（IDMS）应用功能的通信需求,利用“PDevelopmentCluster系统设计工具,构建基于时间触发协议（TTP）的IDMS通信系统仿真模型。TTP精确的全局时钟同步可以为系统提供精确的时钟和单元之间的精确同步,协议的容错机制为...     

An environment for the integration and test of the Space Stationdistributed avionics systems

An approach is described to supplying an environment for the integration and test of the Space Station distributed avionics systems. Background is included on the development of this concept including the lessons learned from Space Shuttle experience. The environment's relationship to the process flow of the Space-Station verification, from systems development to on-orbit verification, is presented. The uses of the environment's hardware implementation, called Data Management System (DMS) kits, are covered. It is explained how these DMS kits provide a development version of the Space-Station operational environment and how this environment allows system developers to verify their systems performance, fault detection, and recovery capability. Conclusions on how the use of the DMS kits, in support of this concept, will ensure adequate on-orbit test capability are included     

面向未来的微纳卫星测控管理

针对如何根据微纳卫星的技术状态与测控需求特点,以建立对多目标、多体制下卫星的测控管理模式的问题,从系统规划、设备研制、测控网建设等方面进行了有益的研究与分析。主要从卫星使用频率、占用轨道等空间资源的合理分配方面着手,提出了适宜微纳卫星应用与发展的频率和轨道选用建议。再根据微纳卫星的技术特点,提出了采用符合CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)规程的数据格式的建议。同时,针对在轨管理,还提出了利用国内外现有有效测控资源的联网合作与商业运作的管理方式。这些观点,有可能对我国微纳卫星进行高效、可靠的测控管理提供借鉴参考。     

CCSDS命令与数据获取业务应用分析

针对传统星载数据管理系统应用层与数据访问层耦合度高,应用软件进行设备访问时须了解底层硬件细节、软件复用率低等问题,研究了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)制定的CDAS(Command and Data Acquisition Service,命令与数据获取业务)的功能、特点及其工作原理,结合新一代综合电子系统的硬件模块功能特点,深入分析了如何在综合电子系统中实现CDAS.CDAS已在某预研课题综合电子样机中应用,测试试验表明,CDAS应用于综合电子系统可以为上层应用提供便捷的设备访问服务,为综合电子系统实现任务规划等复杂功能提供有力的技术保障.     

CCSDS空间包在MOIMS领域中的应用

为了适应未来航天任务的发展,构建以服务为导向的、开放的、可重用的航天器任务操作系统,分析了CCSDS(Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems,空间数据系统咨询委员会)中MOIMS (Mission Operations and Information Management System,任务操作及信息管理系统)领域的任务操作服务框架的原理、层次结构及优点,对任务操作相关的通用服务、功能服务、COM(Common Object Model,通用对象模型)及MAL(Message Abstraction Layer,消息抽象层)对服务的抽象化描述方法进行了研究.MAL向任务操作相关的服务提供了通用的服务模型框架,所有服务均可用MAL消息格式进行规范化的描述,在此基础上建立了MAL消息格式与CCSDS空间包的映射关系,从而以CCSDS空间包为信息栽体实现了航天器与地面系统间的任务操作通信,可以作为以服务为导向的任务操作系统实际工程应用的参考.     

飞行器管理系统需求

飞行器管理系统(VMS)将飞行、推进控制与相关的公管系统综合.飞行器管理系统的概念为性能改善带来了巨大的好处,同时对可靠性、维修性和保障性有重大改善.未来高性能的飞机将具有多操纵面/效应器以保证机动性,利用飞行/推进综合控制实现性能收益.随着更多系统的参与,综合设计的难度会增加.为确保VMS的实际应用,需要明确其计算和...     

深空测控网信息接口设计及嫦娥三号任务验证

为了对“嫦娥三号”任务以及后续月球与深空探测任务提供测控支持,我国在喀什和佳木斯分别新建了35m和66 m深空测控站,并组成了深空测控网.考虑到新建深空测控网既需要与我国现行航天测控网进行信息交互,又可以为国际上其他国家和组织的月球和深空探测器提供支持,在信息接口设计时充分参考了CCSDS（Consultative Committee for Space Data System,空间数据系统咨询委员会）、ECSS （European Cooperation for Space Standardization,欧洲空间标准化组织）等国际标准.重点介绍了中国深空测控网的信息接口设计,具体接口包括深空测控设备与深空任务中心间接口、深空运行管理中心相关接口以及干涉测量系统相关接口.该接口设计在“嫦娥三号”任务中得到了充分的验证,各类信息传输正确、及时、有效,为任务过程中的决策提供了支持.     

Achieving Nextgen's air traffic management operational improvements

A significant amount of attention has been paid to the functional and ground components in the evolution of the NAS to achieve the Next Generation System (NextGen) but there has been less attention paid to the aircraft equipage side of the equation. This is now changing with the recent establishment of an aircraft working group within the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO). The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) has been working over the past year to provide input to the FAA and JPDO which will help inform the avionics evolution and provide more insight into the aircraft equipage considerations for evolving to NextGen.     

The Business Case for System-Wide Information Management

In today's National Airspace System (NAS), when an application requires information from another application, a custom application-to-application interface is built. This results in an increasingly complex system, where applications are tightly coupled and expensive to develop and maintain. System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) addresses these shortfalls by implementing a shared infrastructure for managing NAS information. SWIM is based on a service-oriented architecture, a fast growing trend in information technology. It will help the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) meet the information-sharing needs of the Next Generation Air Traffic System (NGATS) and the federal government's E-government Initiative. SWIM will reduce the cost, complexity, and cycle time for building new applications and help the FAA implement SWIM-enabled applications that increase FAA and user productivity.     

民用飞机IRS冗余配置下融合算法研究

为了确保民用飞行的安全,大型民用飞机一般配备冗余的导航系统,如A320一般装有三套IRS。如何利用冗余的传感器信息提供最重的位置信息,成为民用飞机飞行管理系统亟待解决的关键技术。本文对冗余配置下如何进行三套IRS的融合进行了研究,提出了基于历史信息获取最佳混合位置的方法,并通过仿真分析验证了算法的有效性,为FMS导航功能关键技术的实现提供了理论基础和技术支持。     

Management of Electronic Systems in Space Vehicles

The following is a condensation of a panel discussion which took place at the 1966 Aerospace Systems Conference, Thursday, July 14, 1966, in Seattle, Wash. The panel moderator was Frank Gardiner, at present the Manager of Space Programs at RCA, serving as a representative of the electronics industry in the discussion. Panelists were George H. Stoner, Vice President and General Manager of the space division of Boeing, serving as representative of prime contractors and vehicle integrators; Col. Marion B. Gibson, the Director of the Defense Communication Satellite System Program at the Space Systems Command of the U.S. Air Force in Los Angeles, representing the point of view of the government in the discussion. The overall objective of the panel discussion was to provide some indications or suggestions as to how all levels of organization should operate in order to provide the best electronic products for space vehicles at the least possible expense. As the discussion was held in open sesstion, with questions received from the audience, any mention of classified information was avoided. The discussion was divided into five phases, roughly corresponding to the stages in the life of an electronic system. These phases were 1) the phase in which research of an applied nature, though not as yet directed toward a specific mission, is being done on specific electronic products; 2) the phase in which there is a specific mission in mind.     

U.S. Army battery needs-present and future

The purpose of this paper is to describe the needs of the U.S. Army for silent portable power sources, both in the near and longer term future. As a means of doing this, the programs of the Power Sources Division of the Army Research Laboratory are discussed. In carrying out these programs, the personnel of the Power Sources Division work closely with the Battery Management Office of the Army Materiel Command, which is located in the Logistics and Readiness Directorate of the Communication-Electronics Command (CECOM). We are also closely integrated with the Army Research Office, and the fuel cell personnel of the CECOM Research Development and Engineering Center (RDEC), and the battery personnel of the RDECs for the Tank and Automotive Command and the Missile Command. The six program areas discussed in which the Power Sources Division is engaged are: primary batteries, rechargeable batteries, reserve/fuze batteries, pulse batteries and capacitors, fuel cells, and thermophotovoltaic power generation     

PDM系统在技术状态管理中的应用研究

依托技术状态管理的四大内容技术状态标识、技术状态控制、技术状态纪实和技术状态审核,结合办公自动化的具体流程,以一个典型的应用软件:产品数据管理系统(PDM)来阐述技术状态管理及其在型号研制中的应用,同时阐述了在应用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案等.     

Open System Avionics Architectures

Over the last three years, Open System Avionics Architecture concepts have been addressed by the avionics community as a method for increasing affordability. The Naval Air Systems Command (Nav Air) led Advanced Avionics Architecture and Technology Review team of 1992, followed by the multiservice Avionics Engineering SubBoard (AESB) implementation phase team are two examples. The Perry memo and formation of the Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF) are further evidence of the importance placed on open systems at the DoD level. This paper summarizes these activities and their importance. Examples of the savings that can be expected by application of open systems are presented. Finally, significant on-going work along with critical technologies and concepts that need to be matured to make open systems successful are discussed     

Automated Configuration Management on a DOD Satellite Ground System

An automated Configuration Management System (CMS) was developed at General Electric and is in use on a DOD Satellite Ground System maintenance contract. CMS improves and enhances the manual techniques for project tracking and change control and allows for reliable management of large projects. Because CMS works with any file, it can perform Configuration Management on all items in a configuration. The CMS Bookkeeping and Status Accounting forms are displayed on a terminal, and the user is guided into filling them out correctly. New configuration items or changes can be entered into the system only after approval has been supplied by the proper authority. Since a common project data base is built by CMS, visibility of current system status is available to those who are permitted project access. Standard report forms as well as user defined report forms are used when viewing the current or historic system information. CMS not only controls the configuration, but also the paperwork, change approval cycle, and the quality of the product.     

Modular Stores Management System

Advanced Military aircraft operational requirements demand an ever increasing variety and quantity of Stores, coupled with continuous improvement in mission success, safety of operation, aircrew and groundcrew workload, interoperability and ground support facilities. Until now these ever more demanding requirements have been met by costly customized stores management system designs. GEC Avionics has surveyed the potential SMS requirements of a comprehensive range of aircraft and weapon types, in order to define a universal SMS design concept based on system availability, integrity and reliability, operational functions, peripheral interfaces and maintenance/human factors. This advanced concept not only includes provision for all existing weapon types but also has growth potential for the evolving MIL-STD-1760 weapon interfaces. System interface requirements have been rationalized in order to achieve a Modular Stores Management System (MSMS) design based on major factors such as cost, mission requirements and customer specifications. The key work for a successful MSMS design is flexibility and GEC Avionics has evolved a set of standard modules which can be packaged to satisfy specific customer needs. Typically, the standard modules provide over 80% of the hardware in every Stores Management application. The MSM concept features much reduced development costs and timescales, commonality between aircraft types minimizing parts inventory, VLSI technology providing high reliability and a common product support and maintenance philosophy. The MSM design offers a highly cost effective low risk concept for meeting the needs of modernization and new aircraft programs.     

《质量管理体系要求》中监视和测量装置的控制难点分析

在贯彻2001版GJB 9001A质量管理体系要求过程中，如何正确理解该标准中“对生产和检验共用设备的校准”、“发现测量设备不符合要求时应采取适当的措施”的条款内容，及在工业计量管理中对监视和测量装置的控制提出建议和意见。     

飞机预测与健康管理体系结构浅析

飞机预测与健康管理(Prognostics and Health Management,PHM)是以美国JSF飞机为代表的新一代飞机自主后勤概念的核心.PHM技术的应用,有效地降低了飞机全寿命周期的使用维护费用,提高了飞机战备完好率和任务成功率,保证了飞机及其各系统能够安全、可靠、高效地运行.本文在分析了美国JSF飞机...     

Autonomous GPS/INS navigation experiment for space transfer vehicle

An experiment is described to validate the concept of developing an autonomous integrated spacecraft navigation system using onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) and inertial navigation system (INS) measurements. Previous work by the authors (1988, 1990) has demonstrated the feasibility of integrating GPS measurements with INS measurements to provide a total improvement in spacecraft navigation performance, i.e., improvement in position, velocity and attitude information. An important aspect of this research is the automatic real-time reconfiguration capability of the system, which is designed to respond to changes in a spacecraft mission under the control of an expert system