Integrated modular avionics for next generation commercialairplanes

The goals are objectives of integrated modular avionics (IMA) are discussed. One candidate computing architecture for IMA, the Boeing 777 Airplane Information Management System (AIMS), is presented. The cabinet architecture, fault tolerance characteristics, backplane bus, and functional growth provisions are considered. The integration concepts developed for AIMS represent a first step in real-world application of the IMA technologies     

ARINC659背板数据总线应用研究

ARINC659背板数据总线是一种高可用、高完整、支持鲁棒的时间分区和空间分区的容错串行总线,它是ARINC651标准定义的综合化模块化航空电子系统的关键技术。深入分析了航空电子系统综合化对背板总线的要求,概述了ARINC659背板数据总线体系结构、介质访问机制、同步机制等规范,详细介绍了ARINC659背板数据总线的典型应用系统,探讨了ARINC659背板数据总线特性与应用前景。     

光母板技术在航电系统中的应用研究

随着航空电子技术的不断发展,传统的航空电子系统的母板总线在传输带宽、传输距离、EMI等方面正面临着巨大挑战。光母板技术实现了光纤高密度高可靠性的互连,这为航电统一光纤网络应用于先进航电系统打下了坚实基础。本文介绍了光母板技术在国内外的发展以及在航电系统中的应用情况;最后,针对光母板技术在我国航电系统中的应用提出了某些建议。     

ARINC659总线在IMA架构中的适用性分析

综合模块化航电系统在飞机航电设备的研制中逐渐得到应用,实现综合化模块化航电的一个关键技术是系统内部总线的选择,通过论述综合模块化航电系统对系统内部总线的要求、介绍ARINC659总线的特点,分析ARINC659总线在综合模块化航电系统中的适用性,可以得出ARINC659总线能够满足综合模块化航电系统的要求,目前ARINC659总线已经开始广泛应用于综合模块化航电系统中.     

Firewire in modern integrated military avionics

High performance communications, navigation, and identification (CNI) functions on modern military aircraft are increasingly required for mission readiness. The operation of simultaneous waveforms through an integrated avionics rack of shared resources becomes a test in moving data rapidly from one signal processing stage to the next. The IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is a commercial high bandwidth bus whose 64-bit addressing and maximum 400 Mbits/second throughput satisfies this demanding military avionics interconnect need. The challenge in applying this commercial product to integrated avionics is the requirement to seamlessly add message priority encoding. By having message priorities, the slower strategic communications links will not impair the performance of higher data rate tactical communications, thereby avoiding potentially life-threatening bottlenecks. The flight environment imposes additional challenges to ruggedize the cabling between integrated avionics racks and to utilize the full capabilities of the Firewire bus. A discussion of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers, as used in avionics applications will be done. Additionally, the versatility of 1394 in military avionics with its variable channel sizes, bandwidth on demand, hierarchical addressing, and upgrade to 800 and 1600 Mbps with a 64-bit wide data path, is emphasized. Finally, system maintenance advantages of 1394's hot pluggable features are discussed, with an eye toward cost reduction on the flight line and total operational time of the aircraft avionics systems     

浅谈 CPCI 总线与 VME 总线技术及在机载计算机中的应用

机载计算机各模块之间的数据通信是通过数据背板总线互连实现的.不同的系统应用需求和计算机架构决定了如何选择数据背板总线.本文简要介绍了航空电子系统和计算机总线的发展.在介绍了目前较主流的 CPCI 总线和 VME 总线的工作原理与特点的基础上,对两种总线进行了比较,最终给出了两种总线在机载计算机领域的不同应用方向     

新一代航空电子总线系统结构研究

航空电子总线系统结构是航空电子系统的神经中枢,直接决定着航空电子综合化程度的高低和性能的优劣。本文通过对航空电子数据总线结构现状和发展要求的分析,提出了新一代航空电子总线系统的设计原则和体系结构,并论述了其核心技术综合模块化航空电子系统的通用模块和综合核心处理机的组成。     

Integrated Avionics: Past, Present and Future [Society News & Information]

With the advent of integrated avionics in defense and commercial systems in the late 1980s, AESS began to recognize the importance of providing a technical and management sounding board for this emerging technology domain. The panel undertook a series of special studies of interest to the general avionics community. The first study was an assessment of the Air Force's modular avionics systems architecture (MASA) program     

分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统研究

介绍一个分级式航空电子综合化仿真系统。该系统以航空电子综合化工程中一个分系统为仿真目标,由两层双余度1553B总线和MBI(multiplex bus interface)将AVS(Avionics simulator)、SSCU(subsystem control unit)、若干个EQS(equipment simulator)以及部分真实设备连成的三级分布式计算机系统。一个面向实时控制的分布式操作系统和相应的仿真软件分布在三级仿真器中;其中,分布式操作系统实现两级总线的衔接、通信控制、并行多任务管理、错误检测、故障处理和实时内存数据库管理,仿真软件模拟航空电子上层环境、操作员控制与显示、分系统各设备数据产生与接收数据处理以及信息处理应用任务。系统研制成功为工程化实现打下了技术基础并提供了一个实验环境。     

40G以太网在航电系统中的应用初探

随着飞机整体性能的提升，航电系统的发展日新月异，对总线网络提出了越来越高的要求。基于远端内存直接访问技术传输机制的以太网以其高带宽、低延时以及生态开放性的特点，在航电系统总线中逐渐得到推广。本文介绍了航电总线网络的发展，对典型的航电总线进行了对比分析，开展了10G/40GE交换工程样机的研制和测试工作，为下一代航电系统总线网络的选型提供了参考。     

Switched Ethernet testing for avionics applications

Switched Ethernet is being implemented as an avionics communication architecture. A commercial standard (ARINC-664) and an aircraft vendor-specific implementation known as avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) have been developed that defines the topology and use of switched Ethernet in an avionics application. In avionics applications, the movement of data between devices must take place in a deterministic fashion and must be delivered reliably. All aircraft flight hardware must be tested to be sure that it will communicate information properly in the switched Ethernet network. The airframe manufacture must test the integrated network to verify that all flight hardware is communicating properly. Testing and maintenance testing is required to perform data communication level testing of switched Ethernet architectures for avionics applications to insure that all communication is deterministic and reliable. This paper provides an overview of a switched Ethernet avionics network and identifies the testing challenges associated with a switched Ethernet avionics application. A practical implementation performing the required tests is discussed.     

Open systems architecture solutions for military avionics testing

Raytheon makes extensive use of open systems architecture methods in developing special test equipment (STE) for testing military avionics equipment. Such use has resulted in significant cost and schedule savings in the development of production test equipment for radar and infrared systems. With open systems architectures, a test system can be assembled using COTS products. This brings economies of scale to test equipment, which is normally built in very low quantities. Therefore, the potential cost savings due to COTS usage is proportionately greater in STE than in the higher volume avionics systems that are tested. A second major benefit of using COTS products is that test system development schedule cycle time is greatly reduced. This paper describes the application of Open Systems Architectures (OSA) to avionics testing. The following major architectures are surveyed: VME bus, VXI bus, IEEE GPIB, IEEE 1149.1 JTAG test bus, 1553 Military Bus, Fibre Channel, and COTS Test Applications Software. We describe how the benefits of OSA have been extended at Raytheon into achieving vertical test commonalities. The flexibility of OSA can be exploited to provide an overall optimum test solution, taking all levels of test into account. For example, test systems can be tailored with COTS products to provide integrated methods for avionics tests at the module, unit, and system levels. Test systems can be configured to maximize the reuse of COTS hardware over all test levels. Test software can also be programmed to optimize such reuse over levels of test. Additional test verticality synergies derived from such OSA usage are described, including: test false alarm avoidance; test cones of tolerance optimization; and efficient test of field returns     

ARINC429总线接口设计与实现

ARINC429总线在航空电子系统领域被广泛的应用。本文分析了ARINC429总线的工作原理,根据其数据格式、接口电平要求,给出了由FPGA设计实现ARINC429总线的基本原理,并通过VHDL语言编程,实现了ARINC429总线协议部分,实现了接收和发送功能。采用FPGA器件设计集成ARINC429总线协议的通信芯片,可以有效地提高数据通信模块的处理能力和集成度。通过实际与通用型ARINC429总线芯片的通讯,验证了方案的正确性。     

飞机接口组件仿真器设计

飞机接口组件仿真器主要完成对飞机航电系统中的非1553B总线信号设备的仿真。按要求产生相应的离散量信号、模拟量信号、同步机信号等非1553B总线信号传给总线控制/信号转换器(BC/IFU)。是飞机航电系统仿真试验室进行全系统仿真关键设备。     

航空电子环境TTP/C总线应用技术研究

从航空电子总线协议的发展历程出发,归纳了航空总线协议的特性和发展对航空电子通信的重要意义;根据基于时间触发构架的TTP(Time Triggered Protocol)总线技术的网络和节点结构,结合TTP/C协议调度规则,从实时性、时态完整性、容错特性和冗余可靠性等几个方面,阐述了TTP总线协议在航空电子领域的关键特性。在此基础上,总结了时间触发TTP总线技术在航空电子领域的应用情况,通过对TTP总线技术特性的分析,给出了其对于航空电子领域未来发展的重要意义及未来研究方向的展望。     

基于AFDX的特种飞机任务电子系统总线应用研究

随着航空电子系统综合化程度的不断提高,对数据总线的通信能力提出了更高的要求,此需求对于具备较高信息收集能力的特种飞机任务电子系统来说尤为突出.本文提出了一种基于航空全双工交换式以太网(AFDX)的特种飞机任务电子系统构建思路,并对其进行了分析与验证.     

光纤通道交换网络WRR实时调度算法分析

 随着综合航电系统的发展,1553B总线已经不能满足发展的需要,光纤通道交换式网络作为新一代高性能网络通信协议被引入到航电系统中,其性能指标与整个航电系统的总体指标有着密切的关系.为了解决系统消息实时发送的问题,研究了光纤通道交换网络实时条件下加权轮询调度算法的通信性能,利用随机Petri网对光纤通道交换网络的调度过程进行了建模,通过对模型的仿真和分析,得到了数据传输量及传输时限变化时系统网络负载、延迟时间、超时消息所占比例等重要性能指标,并分析了调度算法的性能.仿真结果证明光纤通道交换式网络具有高速稳定性,加权轮询调度算法能够满足消息传输的实时性、公平性要求.     

光纤通道技术在航电系统中的应用

根据航电系统对总线和网络的需求,介绍了光纤通道的特性,对光纤通道的典型的结构进行了分析,指出在综合航空电子系统中采用光纤通道作为系统互连网络是一种很好的选择。     

航空电子设备研制的测试性设计考虑

测试性是航空电子设备基本设计特性,测试性设计的好坏直接决定了航空电子设备感知自身状态(正常、故障和降级)并自动隔离内部故障的能力。从全寿命周期费用探讨了民用飞机航空电子设备开展测试性设计的必要性,给出了民用飞机研制过程中航空电子设备通用测试性设计、机内测试设计和电路及元器件的测试性设计考虑。实践证明航空电子设备开展测试性设计能有效提高民用飞机的功能安全性和维修经济性。     

A fault-tolerant air data/inertial reference system

The air data inertial reference system (ADIRS) described consists of a fault-tolerant air data inertial reference unit, a secondary air data attitude reference unit, and six air data modules. The ADIRS replaces the conventional inertial reference and air data systems and uses ARINC 629 bi-directional serial digital data bus interfaces. The ADIRS is designed to be the inertial and air data reference for the ARINC 651 integrated modular avionics (IMA) distributed architecture and provides low life cycle cost and high availability through high reliability, simple high integrity monitoring and deferred maintenance