Optimum Position Estimation Using Multiple-Frequency Omega

The maximum-likelihood estimator of the line of position (LOP) resulting from K frequencies received from each of two Omega stations for high SNR is derived. The estimator takes advantage of interfrequency correlation of phase uncertainties by modeling them as resulting from phase velocity uncertainties which are jointly Gaussian with known covariance. The utilization of Omega for search and rescue systems is examined. For this application, the result of increasing the size of the unambiguous lanes of Omega by addition of a fourth frequency to the present three-frequency format is examined. The results of Monte Carlo simulation, performed for several easily implemented fourth frequencies, are presented. The simulation results illustrate the extent to which lane errors can be expected as a function of various fourth frequencies, phase velocity uncertainties, and SNR.     

Omega

Omega is a navigation radio aid having worldwide coverage with good accuracy. By choosing among the phase-difference lines of position, much as with celestial navigation, high and uniform accuracy can be maintained. Omega is introduced by discussing its qualities. Geometry, propagation, lane identification, synchronization, secondary modes of operation, accuracy, receivers, and transmitter stations are covered     

The Effect of Weighting upon Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Pulse Bursts

The Doppler sidelobes of a received pulse burst may be partially controlled by varying the amplitudes of the pulses in the burst or sequence upon transmission and/or reception. When there is a peak power limitation, weighting the amplitudes produces a loss in signal-to-noise ratio. A general expression is derived for the loss factor under the peak power limitation, and loss factor formulas are given for the following cases: Case A: Full nominal weights upon reception. Uniform weights on transmission. Case B: Square roots of the nominal weights on both transmission and reception. Case C: Full nominal weights on both transmission and reception. These cases are listed in order of increasing loss. Numerical results are tabulated for regular spacings and for the following nominal weights: 1) Dolph-Tchebycheff, 2) Taylor, 3) Hamming, and 4) Hann.     

Omega

Omega is a navigation radio aid having worldwide coverage with good accuracy. By choosing among the phase-difference lines of position?much as with celestial navigation?high and uniform accuracy can be maintained. Developed and tested by USNEL and USNRL, Omega is introduced by a discussion of qualities not shared by Gee. Decca, or Loran.     

On Finite-Lag Receivers for Fading Channels

This paper reports some results on the development of finite-lag receivers for reception via fading channels. The receivers are given in discrete form and clearly show the additional complexity due to introduction of delay between the instants of reception and estimation of the signal. The channel noise has been assumed to have a multiplicative component due to fading. This results in the optimal demodulators being nonlinear and unrealizable. However, the receivers proposed are suboptimal, but realizable. Simulation studies evaluating the performance of the various receivers are also discussed.     

Velocity Computations from Radio-Range Measurements

A user-oriented method for generating velocity estimates based on phase measurements of radio navigation transmissions like Omega is presented. Various geometric schemes, together with numerical implementation of the algorithm, are discussed.     

Observation on GEOS-1 of 10.2 to 13.6 kHz ground based transmitter signals

The Omega transmitter signals on 10.2, 11.33 and 13.6 kHz are frequently observed on GEOS-1 near the end of the pass. The signals show large fluctuations in amplitude and in E/B ratio on a time scale of 0.1 s. The time delay of the signals vary considerably over a period of a few minutes, and often the duration of the received pulses on the dipole antenna is longer than the duration of the transmitted pulses. The propagation aspects of these observations will be discussed on the basis of raytracing calculations from the ground to the vicinity of GEOS-1.     

Omega: system status update-1988

Activity at the US Coast Guard Omega Navigation System Center is reviewed. A prime area of emphasis has been to make further progress in the transition to a mature operating system. Among the topics discussed are operations and control, electronics equipment, civil engineering subelements, the federal radionavigation plan, and system performance. Part of the transition will involve the development of a proper mission statement for continued operations     

Periodic acoustic source tracking using propagation delayed measurements

There exist a large class of acoustic sources which have an underlying periodic phenomenon. Unlike the well-studied Bearings-Only Tracking(BOT) of an aperiodic acoustic source,this paper considers the problem of tracking a periodic acoustic source. For periodic acoustic tracking, the signal emission time is known. However, the true measurement reception time is unknown because it is corrupted by noise due to propagation delay. We augment the sensor’s signal reception time onto bearing measuremen...     

Modified Frequency Scaling Algorithm for FMCW SAR Data Processing

This paper presents a modified frequency scaling algorithm for frequency modulated continuous wave synthetic aperture radar （FMCW SAR） data processing. The relative motion between radar and target in FMCW SAR during reception and between transmission and reception will introduce serious dilation in the received signal. The dilation can cause serious distortions in the reconstructed images using conventional signal processing methods. The received signal is derived and the received signal in range-Doppler domain is given. The relation between the phase resulting from antenna motion and the azimuth frequency is analyzed. The modified frequency scaling algorithm is proposed to process the received signal with serious dilation. The algorithm can effectively eliminate the impact of the dilation. The algorithm performances are shown by the simulation results.     

The Effect of Satellite Spin on Two-Way Doppler Rangerate Measurements

The rotation of a spin-stabilized satellite employing a turnstile antenna for reception and retransmission affects two-way Doppler range-rate measurements. Two different types of tracking systems are considered and, in both systems, the range-rate measurement is changed by the amount begin{equation*} |Delta dot{r}| = frac{|1 pm 1/k|}{2} lambda_{t}f_{s} end{equation*} where k is the turn-around ratio of the satellite transponder, Xt is the wavelength of the ground-based transmitter, and fs is the spin rate of the satellite. The positive sign is used if the turnstile antenna elements are connected to give the same polarization for both reception and transmission. If the antenna connections result in different polarizations, the minus sign is used and the magnitude of the effect is reduced.     

调频连续波SAR改进的频率尺度变换算法(英文)

本文提出了一种调频连续波SAR改进的频率尺度变换算法。调频连续波SAR在运动过程中持续不断地发射和接收信号,这种运动导致了回波信号的伸缩,对波前重建产生了严重的影响。推导了回波信号模型,给出了信号的距离-多普勒域表达式,分析了由于天线不断运动而导致的相位变化与方位向频率之间的关系。改进的频率尺度变换算法补偿了这种相位变化,实现了目标的精确成像,仿真结果表明了分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

飞船测控跟踪功能备份方案设计与实现

针对＂神舟＂飞船测控跟踪功能没有备份的难题,首次提出利用FM（调频）跟踪接收机跟踪接收数传信号来实现跟踪功能备份。从数传信号调制特性、FM跟踪接收机组成及载波接收解调3个方面进行了理论分析,并通过FM跟踪接收机的数传信号接收解调、静态跟踪和动态跟踪试验验证了该方案的可行性和有效性。该技术在不增加辅助设备功能的基础上,通过船载测控设备中FM跟踪接收机来实现对飞船跟踪功能的备份,显著降低对飞船目标跟踪失效的风险。     

Effect of Noncoherent FSK Versus PSK on Waveform Error in PCM Telemetry

In a recent paper [1] the authors presented an optimization strategy for the transmission of analog data over a PCM telemetry link. Constraints imposed included real-time operation and both average and peak power limitations on the transmitter. The selected strategy used Karhunen-Loeve (KL) sampling, unequal bit assignments, optimum uniform quantizing, the natural code, and PSK reception. In this paper, the performance of the above system will be compared to the same system using noncoherent FSK reception instead of PSK. The performance criterion used for the comparison is the mean integral squared error criterion.     

汽车电子牌照系统设计

利用无线收发技术和计算机控制管理技术，来实现和完成汽车电子牌照的检测与车辆的管理，其特点是自动检查车牌，自动完成各种控制，该系统安装、测试、维修简单，成本低、效益高。     

清代王维诗歌接受中的两个变化

文学史对王维诗歌的接受是一个漫长而又复杂的历史过程，不同时代对于王维诗歌有不同态度。与前人相比，清人对王维诗歌的接受出现了两个新的变化：第一，清人摆脱了长期以来诗坛“王孟”齐名的观点，将“孟不及王”的诗歌主张推向了一个新阶段；第二，清人走出了盛唐诗歌首推李杜其次王维的观点，提出王维与李白、杜甫鼎力三足的诗歌主张。     

Orbit Determination from Passive Range Observations

An experiment is described by which the ephemeris of a near-synchronous satellite was determined from passive range observations. The data consist of the measured times of reception at ground tracking stations of electromagnetic signals which are radiated from the satellite at regular intervals. A comparison of the ephemeris to one obtained from Doppler tracking indicates an accuracy of better than 4.9 mrad rms.     

VLF Loop Antennas for Pulse Reception

This paper describes an approach to the realization of a VLF loop-type antenna system. The theoretical analysis is applied to a four-loop system for Loran-C reception.     

MC-CDMA在TDRSS系统SMA业务中的应用研究

针对传统跟踪与数据中继卫星系统(TDRSS)中S波段多址(SMA)业务直接序列扩频码分多址(DS-CDMA)的缺点,提出采用多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)进行替代的调制解调方案,对其系统结构和在TDRSS中应用需解决的关键技术问题进行了分析。MC-CDMA具有数据传输速率和频带利用率高,发送和接收设备简单等优点,在载人航天通信中具有十分重要的应用价值。     

Jamming Susceptibility

Generalized equations are developed to evaluate the effects of interference upon communications systems. Interference may be due to natural causes and accidental or sophisticated jamming. One- and two-way communication systems are considered. The equations are applicable to near and deep space communication links as well as radar in both friendly and unfriendly environments. Both mainlobe and sidelobe reception and collocated and diversely located interference and signal sources may be analyzed. A practical discussion for each of the variables, as well as a sample solution, is included.