晶闸管过电压保护中“关断过电压”产生原因探讨——课堂教学中如何认识“反向电流急剧衰减为零(近似)”的一点看法

晶闸管(文字符号:T,英语单词Thyristor缩写)关断过电压,又叫换流(相)过电压,或空穴积蓄效应过电压。它是晶闸管元件在换流过程中伴随产生的一种过电压。因为它幅值很大,作用时间很短,因此它属于尖峰状的瞬时过电压,它是山于变压器漏感和线路自身电感的存在,当晶闸管换流时,电感释放能量而产生的过电压。     

测月雷达用高压特种直流/直流变换器技术研究

针对高压特种直流/直流变换器须满足启动过冲小于1%的要求和月球探测环境下高压输出放电的问题,设计了输出电压缓起电路和多级升压电路,保证直流/直流变换器在低气压环境下的可靠工作,并且通过了测月雷达高压供电任务的验证,可为后续深空探测有效载荷的高压特种直流/直流变换器设计提供支持。     

10kV高精度直流高压标准源的研制

详细介绍了高电压直流标准源的压制过程，直流高压标准源通过对高压的精密控制、对高压分压电路的准确测量以及合理的结构设计，具备了较高的技术性能。     

浮子型漏水检测装置电场分布优化研究

为了改善换流阀底屏蔽电场分布,保证换流阀的绝缘性能和安全运行,利用有限元分析软件对浮子型漏水检测装置对换流阀底屏蔽电场分布的影响进行了仿真计算分析,并对其结构进行优化设计,研究结果表明:采用优化后的浮子型漏水检测装置,电场强度大小由原来的1890kV/m减小到1670kV/m,场强减小11.6%,电场分布效果更好,同时该装置已通过绝缘型式试验验证并应用于工程,提高了漏水检测装置的可靠性,优化了电场分布,确保了工程设备的安全运行。     

直流毫伏级小电压校准方法

从直流毫伏级小电压校准方法研究的目的出发,对如何利用现有设备开展直流小电压测量仪器的校准作了详细描述。经过大量的试验、长期稳定性考核及测量不确定度的分析,证明用此方法校准直流小电压是可行的,解决了直流小电压测量仪器无法溯源的问题,并已用于实际工作中。     

多VIENNA级联型整流电路的协调控制

针对级联式高压整流电路的控制问题,采用多个VIENNA整流器级联构成高压直流系统,设计了主电路拓扑与双闭环控制器,并提出一种多VIENNA整流器电压平衡的协调控制策略。通过仿真试验,验证了双闭环级联型VIENNA高压整流电路的稳定性及其协调控制的正确性。     

基于电压电流混合模型的新型磁链观测器

针对传统磁链观测器存在的积分饱和及直流漂移等问题,提出一种改进的电压电流混合模型磁链观测器。通过对定子磁链观测器的理论分析,对传统电压模型积分方法进行改进并结合电流模型磁链观测器,提出了基于电压电流混合模型的磁链观测器,可以在全速范围内观测到精确的定子磁链,解决了在不同转速下,直流偏置、幅值衰减和相位偏移等问题。混合磁链观测器在中速区存在相位误差,引进补偿环节,对混合模型的输出结果进行相位补偿,降低了饱和效应引起的误差影响,提高了磁链观测器的动态性能。通过仿真对比,验证了改进混合模型磁链观测器在永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制中的可行性和优越性。     

高低压交直流击穿试验装置

漆包线和绝缘材料的击穿试验是衡量材料电气性能的主要项目之一,不同的材料所能承受电压的高低差别很大。有的几百伏就击穿了,如电容器纸,有的要几千伏,如电绝缘纸板,漆包线等。有的要到数万伏的电压,如云母片、漆绸等。有的材料则要在直流下进行击穿试验,如氟一4薄膜等。为了满足生产需要,我们自行设计制造了一台交直流击穿试验装置,它可作低压击穿,高压击穿,还可作高压直流击穿。一般材料都可在此仪器上进行击穿和耐     

O型密封圈在氮气瓶主阀上的应用

氮气瓶作为一种高压储气装置,氮气瓶上的主阀密封性能尤为关键,主阀引起的氮气瓶漏气故障较为常见,针对主阀用两种密封圈规格,分析密封原理,给出了最优密封圈选型,对该型主阀密封结构的应用和推广具有很大的指导意义。     

电气试验

线圈直流电阻当环境温度为21℃±1℃时,线圈或几个线圈的直流电阻,以±1％的准确度测量之。如果阀利用三或四根引线线圈连接,总线圈的每边电阻要分别地测量。用一般型式惠斯顿电桥电气试验仪器,测量线圈电阻是允许的。在测量线圈电阻时,阀不需要供给油压。     

基于高功率因数控制的永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统控制策略

永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统因其成本与寿命的优势,在白色家电领域逐步得到广泛的应用。然而,由于使用小容量的薄膜电容取代大容量的电解电容,母线电压会以两倍工频波动,在母线电压处于波谷时,逆变器输出电压容易饱和,导致控制性能恶化,网侧电流畸变。因此,提出了一种基于高功率因数控制的转矩控制环和电压矢量修正策略,能够有效提升网侧功率因数,抑制网侧电流谐波并符合IEC 6100032标准。该算法的有效性通过仿真得以验证。     

Fault-tolerance wide voltage conversion gain DC/DC converter for more electric aircraft

In this paper, a fault-tolerance wide voltage conversion gain DC/DC converter for More Electric Aircraft (MEA) is proposed. The proposed converter consists of a basic Cuk converter module and n expandable units. By adjusting the operation state of the expandable units, the voltage conversion gain of the proposed converter could be regulated, which makes it available for wide voltage conversion applications. Especially, since mutual redundancy can be realized between the basic Cuk converter module and the expandable units, the converter can continuously work when an unpredictable fault occurs to the fault-tolerant parts of the proposed converter, which reflects the fault tolerance of the converter and significantly improves the reliability of the system. Moreover, the advantages of small input current ripple, automatic current sharing and low voltage stress are also integrated in this converter. The working principle and features of the proposed converter are mainly introduced, and an experimental prototype with 800 W output power has been manufactured to verify the practicability and availability of the proposed converter.     

Capacitive-loaded push-pull parallel-resonant converter

Results of a theoretical and experimental investigation of a capacitive-loaded push-pull parallel-resonant DC-DC converter (CL-PPRC) are presented and discussed. The push-pull parallel-resonant converter (PPRC) is driven by a lower-than-resonance frequency and the secondary voltage is rectified and smoothed by a capacitive filter. The CL-PPRC is shown to operate in the zero voltage switching (ZVS) mode with a boost-like DC transfer ratio that is approximately linear with the period of the switching frequency. Experimental results of a 180 W, high output voltage (1.8 KV) prototype are found to be in good agreement with the analysis, models, and simulation results presented. The basic characteristic of ZVS, the fact that the resonant current is passing through the switches only during a fraction of the period, the high-voltage transfer ratio, and the inherent input/output (I/O) isolation, make the proposed topology a viable design alternative in avionic and aerospace applications     

Generic functional modelling of multi-pulse auto-transformer rectifier units for more-electric aircraft applications

The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit (ATRU) is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced kVA ratings. Indeed, the ATRU has become a preferred AC/DC solution to supply power to the electric environment control system on-board future aircraft. In this paper, a general modelling method for ATRUs is introduced. The developed model is based on the fact that the DC voltage and current are strongly related to the voltage and current vectors at the AC terminals of ATRUs. In this paper, we carry on our research in modelling symmetric 18-pulse ATRUs and develop a generic modelling technique. The developed generic model can study not only symmetric but also asymmetric ATRUs. An 18-pulse asymmetric ATRU is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed model by comparing with corresponding detailed switching SABER models provided by our industrial partner. The functional models also allow accelerated and accurate simulations and thus enable whole-scale more-electric aircraft electrical power system studies in the future.     

AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)     

Flyback Converter Output Voltage Stabilization

The expression of the flyback converter output voltage (output power) is derived as a function of the supply voltage, load resistance, transformer ratios, transistor current gain, and base-circuit resistor value. Switching period and duty cycle are also calculated. A converter circuit is designed having stabilized output voltage, with respect to supply voltage, at constant load. The transistor base current is controlled by the supply voltage, via a nonlinear circuit. This feedforward circuit approximates with logarithmic characteristics the ideal hyperbolic dependence of the transistor base current as a function of the supply voltage. The converter has high performance and low cost. A cheaper circuit variant is presented, in which the high-voltage control transistor was eliminated.     

大容量直驱风电机组级联直流组网系统设计

传统交流组网风电场系统存在多次电能转换、成本高的问题。针对这个问题,设计了一种大容量直驱风电机组级联直流组网海上风电场系统,其直接将每台机组的直流输出级联形成高压直流进行传输,而无需额外的海上升压站平台。风电机组采用了永磁直驱风力发电机及其变流器,其中变流器包括了AC/DC单元和DC/DC单元,并设计了控制策略,即通过DC/DC单元的占空比调节来实现电流的持续输出和最大功率跟踪。陆基逆变电站采用晶闸管型逆变器,设计了工作模式和控制策略,其主要功能是实现高压直流链路的电压电流调节。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台,搭建了容量为150 MW的风电场系统进行了仿真计算,计算结果验证了该系统具有较高的鲁棒性和对风速变化的适应性,同时每个机组都能独立的实现最大风能捕获。     

Full bridge ZCS PWM converter for high-voltage high-powerapplications

This paper presents a comprehensive study of a full bridge (FB) zero-current switched (ZCS) PWM converter which is suitable for high-voltage and high-power DC application that achieves ZCS for all active switches, and zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) operation for all diodes on the high voltage side. The given converter utilizes component parasitic parameters, particularly for the high-voltage transformer, and employs fixed-frequency phase-shift control to implement soft-switching commutations. Detailed steady state analysis of the converter power stage is presented for the first time and the major features of the converter's power stage are discussed. Small-signal characteristics are also presented and accompanied by a discussion of the controller design and implementation. A design example is also presented based on the steady state analysis and is validated by simulation. Theoretical and simulated results are in good agreement     

Comparison of resonant topologies in high-voltage DC applications

Because of their tolerance of transformer nonidealities, resonant converters are considered to be well-suited to high-voltage applications. The series and parallel resonant topologies, as well as a newly discovered hybrid resonant topology are compared for high-voltage applications. Design criteria which incorporate transformer nonidealities are developed and used in the construction of high voltage prototypes for each topology. It is found that the parallel topology leads to the lowest peak switch current and the most ideal behavior     

Best practices for large-scale signal conditioning systems

Sensor and high-voltage measurements are a vital part of many test systems. What makes these measurements different from typical voltage or current measurements is that a special type of conditioning is required to bring these signals into a measurable range. Some of the common examples of signal conditioning include filtering to eliminate 50 or 60 Hz noise, bridge completion to amplify small signals, isolation of hazardous voltages or attenuating high-voltage signals.