一种基于乘性误差四元数的多天线瞬时测姿算法

为进一步拓展全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)测姿应用领域,提升多天线瞬时测姿性能,解决GNSS载波相位观测定姿中的模糊度搜索耗时和周跳探测复杂等问题,提出了一种基于乘性误差四元数的多天线姿态解算方法。使用滤波技术将姿态约束信息通过状态模型和当前观测模型融合,对模糊度进行降权处理,免去周跳探测步骤,从而实现瞬时姿态解算。仿真实验结果表明,新算法既保证了解算效果,又增加了数据处理的灵活性,且耗时更符合实时性需求。     

典型雷达信号对瞬时测频接收机的影响

瞬时测频接收机通常工作在复杂的电磁环境中,宽带的接收特性使其极易受到影响。针对瞬时测频接收机的工作机理,选取了连续波信号、高占空比信号、同时到达信号、低截获概率雷达信号等典型雷达信号样式,对瞬时测频接收机产生的影响,分析引起工作性能下降的原因和现象,并对部分结论进行了仿真实验验证,得到了与分析结论一致的实验结果。对雷达侦察装备研制和使用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

级数展开法在捷变频雷达综合测试仪误差估计中的应用

针对捷变频雷达综合测试仪测频算法进行了误差分析,用级数展开法推导了计数式瞬时测频中测频误差与观测时间、基准时钟频率及被测信号频率之间的关系,给出了测频精度与雷达脉宽、载频之间的关系式.     

瞬时GPS姿态确定

本文介绍了瞬时GPS姿态确定方法,即只用单时刻测量值解GPS积分多普勒波长的模糊度。以前解相位模糊所用的大部分技术需要作某种形式的依赖GPS卫星和/或用户运动的时间历程处理,为消除不合理解提供足够的几何变化。本文介绍的算法假定使用两副以上天线(全部姿态确定需用三副以上天线),并从四颗以上卫星由一或两个GPS L波段载波测得积分多普勒测量值。利用专门的双差分处理得到测量误差不相关的观测量,用于计算天线相对位置及两个以上姿态欧拉角。针对利用4颗以上卫星及2副以上天线及一或两个GPS L波段载波频率(包括86cm宽巷道测量值),开发和演示了GPS姿态确定中快速解双差分载波相位模糊的算法。为希望瞬时GPS测姿的用户找出了实际设计极限。姿态快速确定中的重要因素之一是用户接收机跟踪的卫星数目,GPS金星座对此有很大好处。     

瞬时GPS姿态确定

本文介绍了瞬时ＧＰＳ姿态确定方法，即只用单时刻测量值解ＧＰＳ积分多普勒波长的模糊度。     

GPS频标比对系统的研制

应用GPS技术研制频标比对系统可对野外环境条件下的通信设备快速地进行时间频率校准.本文详细描述了系统中GPS频率标准源以及比相法、时差法频标比对单元的设计方案和软件设计思路,并给出了设计方案中关键技术解决的途径.该系统经校准完全能够满足要求,并在计量技术机构范围中得到应用.     

带有加权基线长约束的GPS/BDS单历元姿态解算算法研究

研究基于GNSS信号的实时载体动态姿态测量算法具有重要意义,多频多模姿态测量算法是目前的研究热点和难点。本文提出一种基于GPS L1/L2和BDS B1三频点观测数据进行联合定姿的新算法,可实现单历元整周模糊度解算,且该算法对周跳不敏感,克服了单频点定姿可靠性差、精度低的缺点。针对多频多模观测时天线相位中心的差异性问题,采用基于加权基线长度约束和上下边界函数的方法实现整周模糊度搜索空间的压缩,提高了整周模糊度解算的效率。最后基于实际测试数据评估定姿精度,实验表明,采用L1/L2/B1三频点联合估计,航向角和俯仰角的精度可达0.1?/m和0.2?/m,比单频观测的精度高约2倍。     

基于数字测相的DQPSK信号软件解调研究

提出了一种新的DQPSK信号差分解调的软件实现方法，通过瞬时测频实现位同步，利用正交测相实现解调。文中详细介绍了此种方法的基本原理和实现过程，分析了解调过程中引起测相误差的原因及对解调结果的影响，给出了主要部分的计算机仿真结果和实际应用效果。该方法简单，解调性能优越，便于软件编程，具有一定的应用价值。     

机载站对辐射源中心频率的测频计算法

在机载探测站匀速等距移动的条件下,通过综合利用速度矢量方程、多普勒频移及变化率关系,给出了一个利用测频技术解算辐射信号中心频率的公式。所提出的方法将有助于执行远距侦察任务但装备简陋的载机提高无源定位系统的测量精确度,并为仅基于测频技术的无源定位奠定了基础。     

一种基于TDDM裂谱信号的解模糊位搜索法

时分数据调制(TDDM)裂谱信号作为一种新调制信号,具有独有的电文翻转位模糊特性,导致了采用通常的搜索方法无法正确输出电文的现象。针对TDDM裂谱信号特性以及现有搜索方法的不足,提出了一种解模糊位搜索法。该方法主要分为合路快捕及解模糊位判决两个阶段。其合路快捕阶段,不但可以快速缩小搜索范围,而且可以避免由扩频方式而引起的漏捕现象;解模糊位判决阶段,可以去除电文翻转位的模糊度,正确输出电文的翻转位置。在理论推导的基础上,从性能及信噪比容限角度进行了仿真测试,测试结果表明,解模糊位搜索法对TDDM裂谱信号的电文翻转位判决精度可以达到100%。     

Ambiguity Resolution in Interferometry

A comprehensive theory of interferometry from a system viewpoint with particular emphasis on the ambiguity resolution problem is developed. The derived error equations include contributions from all system uncertainties, i.e., phase measurement, frequency, and element phase center position errors in three dimensions. The direction-of-arrival errors are inversely proportional to the interferometer baseline and it is customary to make the baseline large enough to meet the accuracy requirements. A system with a baseline greater than a half-wavelength results in the well known direction-of-arrival ambiguity problem with the addition of a third element to each baseline being a common method for resolving the ambiguity. It is shown that contrary to previous thinking there are many equally optimal positions for adding the third element to resolve the ambiguity. In addition, it is shown how the measurement made to resolve the ambiguity can also be applied to increase the accuracy of the angle-of-arrival measurement. A central result is the derivation of expressions specifying the probability of correct resolution of ambiguities as a function of system parameters and system errors. Moreover the concept of an acceptance criterion designed to reduce processing of erroneous measurements is developed. Narrowing the criterion reduces the percentage of data accepted for processing, but increases the probability of correct ambiguity resolution. This is analogous to the relationship between the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm in radar theory.     

Design of Zigzag FM Signals

Since no practical method is available for synthesizing radar waveforms, a sizable effort has been directed into studies of the matched-filter response, or ambiguity function, of many waveforms. In this paper, we investigate the class of FM signals whose instantaneous frequency varies in a zigzag pattern. The waveforms thus consist of linear FM segments and are relatively easy to generate and process. The paper discusses the relation between the characteristics of the waveform and the features of the associated ambiguity function. The effects studied include those of signal repetition, changes in the FM slope, phase-shift and frequency-shift coding, and staggering of frequency step and segment duration. Ambiguity functions of interesting waveforms illustrate the general results. These ambiguity functions are computer-plotted projections of the three-dimensional surface above the delay-Doppler plane.     

Staggered Costas Signals

A radar signal, based on coherent processing of a train of staggered Costas bursts, is suggested and investigated. The selection of sequences of each burst is based on a minimum number of collocation of their individual ambiguity function sidelobe peaks. The resulting ambiguity function combines qualities of both "thumbtack" and "bed of nails" signals. Comparison with linear-FM, V-FM, and complementary phase coded (CPC) signals is given, as well as comparison with hybrid signals consisting of both phase and frequency coding.     

差分GPS载波相位测量整周模糊度的快速求解

对Cholesky分解整周模糊度的求解进行了改进,在求解整周模糊度的过程中,首先采用LAMBDA法对整周模糊度进行整数线性变换再作Cholesky分解,然后利用最优剪枝法（bestcut）对整周模糊度进行搜索,实验结果表明该方法具有快速搜索整周模糊度的能力,可以满足采用GPS载波相位测量确定姿态以及GPS载波相位测量与INS组合的实时性。     

一种GPS整周模糊度的解算方法

初始整周模糊度的求解是利用GPS载波相位进行测量的关键问题,文中提出了一种GPS整周模糊度快速解算方法。该方法：首先,对双差观测方程中指向卫星的方向阵进行QR分解;然后,通过比较估计出的基线长度和真实的基线长度建立起整周模糊度初始搜索范围;最后,综合利用快速剔除不合理模糊度解的检验方法以得到最终的模糊度解。文中对所提出的算法进行了理论推导,并进行了基于实测数据的实验与分析。实验结果表明,该算法计算量小,快速准确,适合整周模糊度的快速动态求解。     

Reduction of aliasing ambiguities through phase relations

A method for digital determination of a single frequency from a sine wave sampled at less than the Nyquist rate is discussed. The method makes use of phase shift information to eliminate the aliasing ambiguity. Multiple sampled data are required to eliminate ambiguity completely. Computer modeling using simulated data corrupted by uncorrelated Gaussian noise was used to verify the approach. The results demonstrate that the frequency of an input sine wave can be correctly identified. This approach can be applied to electronic warfare (EW) receivers to increase their input bandwidth     

频率源特性对CEI精度影响分析

频率源特性导致的误差是影响干涉测量精度的因素之一,基于频率源稳定性详细分析了频率基准对CEI （Connected-Element Interferometry,连线端站干涉测量）精度的影响机理,针对差分单向测距/双差分单向测距、本地相关/互相关等各种干涉测量模式,给出了频率源稳定性对测量精度影响的解析表达式,并基于典型条件量化了频率源不稳定带来的误差大小,给出了能够满足CEI的频率源稳定性指标的建议.分析计算结果表明：如果要解出载波相位延迟量,在其他误差因素不会导致相位模糊的情况下,针对X频段差分单向测距,频率源稳定性优于8.5×10^-12/s即可;针对双差分单向测距,对频率源稳定性的要求可进一步放宽.由此可以认为：在CEI模式下,较好的铷频标即可满足测量要求.     

一种适合单频GPS动态求解整周模糊度的方法

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。本文提出一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了两种实验(静态和动态),利用本文方法解算,静态误差小于1．5cm,动态误差小于4cm。实验结果表明：对于动态用户,该方法是快速和有效的。该方法可应用于高精度的导航和定位。     

Omega Lane Ambiguity Resolution Using Methods of Statistical Decision Theory

Lane ambiguity is an inherent problem of navigation systems using phase measurements. A lane ambiguity resolution technique combining methods of hyperbolic and range-range modes of navigation has been developed. The basis of this approach is that the ensemble of received phases at any location forms a unique set and therefore the lane resolution problem reduces to finding a position such that the expected set of phases (or the phase predicted for the position of the navigator) matches the received set. This method of lane resolution is not constrained by lane widths and using the phase data of 10.2, 13.6, and 11? kHz; lane resolution has been accomplished for distances of up to 120 nmi. This method of lane resolution requires phase data from at least four stations at any frequency and is very sensitive to uncompensated propagation phase shifts.     

GPS多径信号的自适应滤波估计方法

 研究全球定位系统(GPS)多径信号估计的问题。通过分析自适应滤波器的原理,建立了数字中频信号处理的数学模型,提出一种用自适应滤波实现GPS多径幅度、码相位和载波相位估计的方法。该方法采用不同延迟的伪随机序列对信号进行解扩、解调和累加,得到了作为期望信号的系列自适应滤波相关值。对该方法与其他3种方法进行了理论上的分析比较,得出本方法具有信噪比高、自适应滤波性能好、带有码相位信息和不存在载波模糊度问题等优点。根据各种滤波器算法的特点和本应用的需求,给出了选用递归最小二乘算法实现的方法。通过计算机仿真,验证了提出的方法能够在14 dB的信噪比下,以1个采样间隔的时间延迟分辨率和0.005周的载波相位估计精度估计出GPS L1的多径信号。