某型涡轮过渡流道稳定工作范围优化设计

为保证高、低压涡轮间流场参数匹配,要求在高压涡轮出口旋流角增大时,涡轮过渡流道仍处于近最佳工作状态。利用全三维数值模拟方法对涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了初次优化设计。优化后的过渡流道压力系数提高了20.6%,总压损失系数降低了 5.0%,并且其无流动分离工作范围得到扩大。为进一步扩大非设计稳定工作范围,对初次优化设计结果进行了二次优化。虽然二次优化后涡轮过渡流道设计点性能略有下降,但其无流动分离工作范围进一步扩大,且非设计工况点流道出口流场分布更加均匀,改善了下游低压涡轮的进气条件。      

大涵道比发动机多级低压涡轮气动设计

基于大涵道比航空发动机多级低压涡轮设计研究,分析了大涵道比发动机多级低压涡轮气动设计特点和主要设计参数的设计选取原则以及发展趋势,研究了过渡流道设计参数的选取标准、过渡流道优化设计方法以及对多级低压涡轮子午流道设计与功率分配方法,综合分析了多级低压涡轮功率分配需要考虑的各项因素,并探讨了高升力涡轮叶型设计方法。研究表明:过渡流道方案设计可以采用长高比及当量扩张角作为初步选取标准;多级低压涡轮功率分配要综合考虑不同工况性能及气动设计参数;完成设计的大转折角后加载叶型能够有效地控制涡轮叶栅内的流动损失。     

基于二维优化方法的涡轮过渡流道设计

为优化涡轮过渡流道的气动性能,以期提高发动机的整体经济性能,采用二维通流法与单纯性优化算法相结合的方法,对某型发动机涡轮过渡流道进行了二维优化.优化后过渡流道出口的总压损失系数降低了8.4％,流道扩压能力增加了40.4％,同时过渡流道出口气流均匀性也得到很大幅度的改善.使用CFD技术对初始流道和优化后流道性能进行了三维数值模拟,并分析比较了过渡流道与整流支板的三维流场分布,从而验证了二维计算与优化算法的可行性.     

大涵道比涡扇发动机涡轮过渡流道一体化设计研究

为了提高大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能,降低其燃油消耗与污染物排放,同时考虑成本与重量因素,针对其高、低压涡轮之间的过渡流道,提出了一体化概念,即新设计的支板代替原型整流支板与低压涡轮第一级导叶,使其也能够为下游转子提供合适的进气条件。对一算例开展了设计工作,并通过数值模拟进行了流场分析,结果表明带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道与原型涡轮过渡流道出口马赫数与切向速度吻合很好,验证了一体化设计的有效性。带一体化支板的过渡流道设计点工况总压损失为4.3%,较原型流道总压损失略有增大(原型流道总压损失4.1%),但带一体化支板的过渡流道更能适应非设计点工况,具有一定的优越性。     

基于粒子群算法的多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计方法

为探究涡轮高效设计技术,从低维优化层面出发,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的多级低压涡轮一维设计和优化方法.该方法以涡轮效率为目标,通过建立涡轮子午流道形式以及气动特性等约束条件将涡轮一维设计转化成包含约束限制的极大值优化问题.在验证粒子群算法优化性能的基础上发展了多级低压涡轮一维气动优化设计程序,该程序通过优化地选取涡轮各级的多个设计变量,有效地生成满足多个约束条件的级最佳速度三角形以及最佳初步子午流道形式.利用该程序完成了原型低压涡轮的优化改型工作,三维数值模拟结果表明,优化改型方案在设计点和非设计点的气动性能均获得了不同程度的改善.     

涡轮机中环形扩压器流动性能分析工程方法

归纳和整理了现有环形扩压器性能分析模型,并将模型预测结果与若干种环形扩压器性能实验数据进行了比较,结果表明模型预测结果与对应实验数据一致性还是比较好的。在此基础上,应用所发展模型对某大涵道比涡扇发动机高/低压涡轮过渡流道环形扩压器进行了优化设计,最终获得的过渡流道环形扩压器性能指标与拟达到的性能指标比较符合,进一步表明了所给模型作为初步的涡轮机中环形扩压器设计设计与性能分析模型是可行的。     

基于反问题的涡轮过渡流道一体化支板设计方法

为进一步改善大涵道比涡扇发动机气动性能及燃油经济性,降低其污染物排放,控制其重量与成本,提出了一种高效的高、低压涡轮过渡流道整流支板一体化设计理念,即对原型支板与第一级低压涡轮导叶进行初步正问题一体化设计,并基于气流角全三维粘性反问题进行进一步改型设计,使得在保证自身气动性能不降低的基础上,带一体化支板涡轮过渡流道能够与高、低压涡轮实现良好匹配。以某型发动机过渡流道为算例开展了一体化设计工作,并采用三维数值模拟方法进行了设计点、非设计点流场分析评估。结果表明,设计点工况下一体化支板出口气流角以及马赫数分布均与原型导叶出口一致,验证了一体化设计的有效性。同时,带一体化支板的过渡流道总压损失从原型流道的2.49%降低到了1.02%。而在非设计工况,带一体化支板的过渡流道气流分离明显减小,具有更宽的最佳工况范围。     

高涵道比发动机涡轮过渡流道性能模拟

采用数值模拟方法对高涵道比发动机涡轮过渡流道设计工况和非设计工况性能进行了详细分析,得出了与实验值较吻合的计算结果。数值结果与实验数据比较表明:所选的计算模型是可靠的,能够直接用来对带整流支板的涡轮过渡流道数值模拟;可以采用较紧凑的设计而得到对高压涡轮出口条件不敏感的低损失系统。     

轴流涡轮损失模型研究进展(“两机”专刊)*

轴流涡轮损失预测模型是开展先进轴流涡轮设计优化、特别是低维快速性能预测的重要工具和基础,更准确通用的损失模型一直是涡轮气动热力学领域研究的重点。近年来,精细化设计理念的深入对损失模型提出更高的精度要求,同时先进实验测量方法和数值模拟技术的发展也为建立更精准的损失模型提供了可能。因此,本文首先梳理了轴流涡轮损失模型的发展历程及近年来的发展趋势,并结合最新研究进展分析目前仍存在的不足,最后对轴流涡轮损失模型的未来研究重点和发展趋势进行展望。     

某型燃气轮机涡轮过渡段流场的数值模拟

对某型燃气轮机涡轮过渡流道流场进行数值模拟,得到了与实验结果比较吻合的计算结果。结果表明:过渡段内流动为亚声速流动,沿流道有较大的逆压梯度,整流支板的作用类似于扩压叶栅。该方法与结果为此类过渡流道的设计提供了参考,并为以后的进一步改进和优化打下了坚实的基础。     

典型二元高超声速进气道设计方法研究

综合了一系列典型二元高超声速进气道的设计和性能估算方法, 给出了可行的设计原则.在满足流量、增压以及工作范围(起动性能和反压承受能力)的条件下, 给出了进气道进口、外压波系、内压缩通道、唇罩及隔离段的设计方法.采用此方法, 以H=22800 m、Ma0=6为设计点, 完成了一高超声速进气道的初步设计, 并估算得到了进气道性能参数、进气道的起动马赫数和反压承受能力, 对比CFD计算结果, 误差不大.通过该方法得到的进气道具有结构简单、流量系数大、压缩损失小的特点, 不通过优化即可得到性能较为良好的模型.      

涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计

开发了一套造型灵活直观、网格生成速度快的涡轮平面叶栅非轴对称端壁优化设计工具,该工具的核心技术是非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面造型和网格变形.在此基础上以商业软件Isight为优化驱动器,以CFX为求解器,搭建了非轴对称端壁优化设计流程.以Pack B涡轮平面叶栅为例,对其进行了非轴对称端壁优化设计.优化后涡轮平面叶栅总压损失系数减小了12.96%.结果表明:涡轮平面叶栅端部的静压分布改变削弱了涡轮平面叶栅通道中马蹄涡、通道涡的强度,提高了涡轮平面叶栅的气动性能.      

多学科设计优化在非常规布局飞机总体设计中的应用

以飞翼布局飞机总体设计为例,展示如何将多学科设计优化(MDO)方法有效地应用于非常规布局飞机总体设计.基于二级优化方法,提出一种飞机总体MDO实施流程.该流程包括系统级优化、子系统级优化(或评估)和多学科模型生成器3个部分.系统级优化的任务是优化全局设计变量,使系统目标最优.子系统级优化涉及的学科包括气动、隐身、结构、...     

大涵道比发动机涡轮过渡段气动改型设计

大涵道比发动机的发展对涡轮过渡段设计提出了更高的要求。依据涡轮过渡段设计流程的5个步骤对某大涵道比发动机过渡段进行气动设计,并且对原型进行3维校核分析。总结过渡段内流动的特点,在原型的基础上进行改型设计。结果表明:通过控制流向面积分布规律能够确定过渡段沿流向的压力分布,选择合理的流向面积分布规律形式、改变过渡段流道型线的曲率能够改善当地的局部流动,获得更好的设计。改型设计消除了原型设计中存在的流动分离,并且减小了二次流损失,增大了过渡段的总压恢复系数。     

Pressure distribution guided supercritical wing optimization

Pressure distribution is important information for engineers during an aerodynamic design process. Pressure Distribution Oriented (PDO) optimization design has been proposed to introduce pressure distribution manipulation into traditional performance dominated optimization. In previous PDO approaches, constraints or manual manipulation have been used to obtain a desirable pressure distribution. In the present paper, a new Pressure Distribution Guided (PDG) method is developed to enable better pressure distribution manipulation while maintaining optimization efficiency. Based on the RBF-Assisted Differential Evolution (RADE) algorithm, a surrogate model is built for target pressure distribution features. By introducing individuals suggested by sub-optimization on the surrogate model into the population, the direction of optimal searching can be guided. Pressure distribution expectation and aerodynamic performance improvement can be achieved at the same time. The improvements of the PDG method are illustrated by comparing its design results and efficiency on airfoil optimization test cases with those obtained using other methods. Then the PDG method is applied on a dual-aisle airplane’s inner-board wing design. A total drag reduction of 8 drag counts is achieved.     

Integrated optimization on aerodynamics-structure coupling and flight stability of a large airplane in preliminary design

The preliminary phase is significant during the whole design process of a large airplane because of its enormous potential in enhancing the overall performance. However, classical sequential designs can hardly adapt to modern airplanes, due to their repeated iterations, long periods, and massive computational burdens. Multidisciplinary analysis and optimization demonstrates the capability to tackle such complex design issues. In this paper, an integrated optimization method for the preliminary design of a large airplane is proposed, accounting for aerodynamics, structure, and stability. Aeroelastic responses are computed by a rapid three-dimensional flight load analysis method combining the high-order panel method and the structural elasticity correction. The flow field is determined by the viscous/inviscid iteration method, and the cruise stability is evaluated by the linear small-disturbance theory. Parametric optimization is carried out using genetic algorithm to seek the minimal weight of a simplified plate-beam wing structure in the cruise trim condition subject to aeroelastic, aerodynamic, and stability constraints, and the optimal wing geometry shape, front/rear spar positions, and structural sizes are obtained simultaneously. To reduce the computational burden of the static aeroelasticity analysis in the optimization process, the Kriging method is employed to predict aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices of different aerodynamic shapes. The multidisciplinary analyses guarantee computational accuracy and efficiency, and the integrated optimization considers the coupling effect sufficiently between different disciplines to improve the overall performance, avoiding the limitations of sequential approaches utilized currently.     

民用飞机航电数据网络带宽资源分配优化设计

民用飞机航电数据网络在设计过程中,通过对带宽资源的合理分配,来满足网络成员系统的数据传输需求。而在设计过程中,存在因网络带宽需求分布的非均匀性等因素造成的局部带宽资源不足的问题,因此需要在初步带宽资源分配结果上进行局部优化设计。提出一种通过网络带宽资源使用率最高的链路和端系统进行识别,以及进行针对性物理链路连接关系调整,从而实现降低交换机之间链路带宽资源使用率的方法。通过网络仿真对该方法的优化效果进行了分析,发现这种方法能够降低网络局部链路的较高带宽资源使用率,单轮优化的有效降幅超过15%。该网络带宽资源分配优化设计方法,一方面能够有效解决因飞机网络局部带宽不足问题,降低由此导致的网络拥堵、排队、丢包等风险,确保网络确定性;另一方面还能尽量保持当前分配结果,减少设计优化变更对网络时延性能和网络布线方面的影响。     

Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

Maneuver control at high angle of attack based on real-time optimization of integrated aero-propulsion

To reduce the propulsion system installation thrust loss under high angle of attack maneuvering, a control method based on real-time optimization of the integrated aero-propulsion is proposed. Firstly, based on data fitting and physical principle, an integrated onboard model of propulsion system is established, which can calculate various performance parameters of the propulsion system in real time, and has high accuracy and real-time performance. Secondly, to improve the compatibility of optimization real-time performance and search accuracy, the online optimization control of aero-propulsion system is realized based on an improved trust region algorithm. Finally, by controlling the auxiliary intake valve, a good match between inlet and engine is realized, which solves the problems of intake flow reducing and total pressure recovery coefficient declining, and improves the installation performance of propulsion system. The simulation results indicate that, compared with the conventional independent engine control, the real-time integrated optimization method reduces the installed thrust loss by 3.61% under the design condition, and 4.58% under the off-design condition. Furthermore, the simulation on HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) platform verifies the real-time performance of integrated optimization method.