经验与启示——张镇中教授谈麦道公司的沉没以及中美MD-82合作项目

张镇中教授亲历了美国麦道公司由盛到衰的过程，同时作为麦道公司的总代表，发起并参与了在上海总装MD-82飞机的中美合作项目，尽管这个计划的结果并不如人意，但它却是我国大飞机发展历程中一个重要的事件。前不久我们对张镇中教授进行了专访，请他回忆了这段经历，并对我国大飞机发展提出了一些看法和建议。     

C. C. Petersen and J. C. Brandt,Hubble Vision,Early Adventures with the Hubble Space Telescope

Space Science Reviews -     

在B.C.钓螃蟹

<正>在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(B.C.省)的内陆平原,一年四季都是捕蟹的好时节。从早到晚,你随时都可以去抓螃蟹,甚至还可以在天黑的时候或者半夜去。在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(B.C.省)的内陆平原,一年四季都是捕蟹的好时     

Newton迭代法的P．C．格式

基于Newton迭代法 ,提出了一种有效的预估校正 (P .C .)迭代格式。本方法把牛顿法中的微分以差商替代 ,因而 ,既可求解具离散根的方程 ,也适用于有重根的方程求解 ,大量的试验结果表明 ,本文算法不仅可有效解决重根问题 ,而且有较高的收敛速度。     

Concepts of turbulence and C.F.D. applications

The article's main theme is the ‘turbulence modelling’ used in present days' computational schemes. This modelling is an effort to account for the influence of turbulent motion on diffusion processes, and reflects our efforts to bridge what is generally recognized as the ‘closure gap’, i.e. to replace a needed phenomenological relation(s) with hypotheses of some kind. In this way one tries to remedy our lack of knowledge of turbulent motion. For that purpose a number of ideas and concepts over the past 60 years is mentioned and their incorporation in numerical analysis is discussed. The main emphasis is placed on the physical concepts and their consequences.     

Kitchin,C. R., Astrophysical Techniques

Space Science Reviews -     

重心位置对不同布局飞机尾旋特性的影响

为了研究某大型民机重心位置轴向变化对其尾旋特性的影响,在尾旋风洞中进行了飞机模型的尾旋特性研究试验,试验结果表明在前重心条件下,模型旋转更加明显,尾旋情况更为严酷。同时展示了重心位置轴向变化对鸭式布局飞机和高平尾尾吊发动机布局飞机的影响,并进行了对比分析。此外,还研究了重心位置横向变化对常规布局大型民用飞机尾旋特性的影响。     

A. M. Hubert and C. Jaschek (eds.), B[e] Stars

The B[e] stars are early type stars with hydrogen emission lines, forbidden [FeII] and [OI] emission lines, and with an IR excess due to circumstellar dust. These properties may occur in stars of quite different evolutionary stages. In fact, the group of B[e] stars is very inhomogeneous, and contains pre-main sequence stars, supergiants with disks, compact planetary nebulae, symbiotic stars, and a group of stars with unclear evolutionary phase. The book gives the proceedings of a workshop in Paris in 1997 in which the properties and evolutionary phases of the B[e] stars are discussed. It contains chapters on: (1) the definition of B[e] stars, (2) distances, kinematics and the distribution in our Galaxy, (3) spectroscopy, (4) infrared properties, (5) photometry, polarimetry and variability, (6) models for winds and disks, (7) evolutionary stages, (8) revised classification of B[e] stars. The book ends with an object list of all B[e] stars. The book is very useful for students and researchers of hot star winds and gives nice overviews of the observations and theories and remaining puzzles of these strange objects with winds and outflowing dust-forming disks. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

J—7飞机最小阻力重心位置的探讨

本文验算了J-7飞机的稳定边界和前操纵边界,简单分析了其重心使用范围。进一步讨论,估算了J-7飞机和J-7改型机最小阻力的重心位置,对估算方法也作了简单介绍。结果表明:J-7改型机最小阻力重心位置较原J-7飞机有所前移,但是,只有在平尾处相对下洗角很大时,两者的最小阻力重心位置才有可能在稳定边界之内,否则均在稳定边界之外。     

Comments on, `Improved multilevel quantization for detection ofnarrowband signals' by C.W. Helstrom

It is shown that optimum quantization levels may be obtained by using C.W. Helstrom's approach of the above named work (see ibid., vol.AES-24, p.141-147, Mar. 1988) but maximizing exact detection probabilities instead of approximations to it if the moment generating function of the test statistic can be expressed in rational form. Adaptive levels may be obtained for the quantizers by cell averaging, leading to constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors     

C/C和C/SiC复合材料的夏比冲击性能研究

使用夏比摆锤冲击试验机对C/C和C/SiC两种复合材料进行了冲击试验,打击瞬时线速率为2.9 m/s,刀刃半径为2 mm.使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了试样断口形貌.结果表明:C/C和C/SiC两种复合材料的夏比冲击能量随着材料密度的增加而减小,冲击能量与密度基本呈线性关系.密度低的C/C和C/SiC复合材料冲击...     

直流电动机全数字化微机实时控制

 <正> 1.引言 目前,微计算机已广泛应用于各个领域。在控制领域中,直流电动机的控制是大功率电子学控制的重要组成部分。由于微计算机是数字控制,它除具有以人机对话的方式操作外,工作可靠、控制灵活、稳定性高、便于监控,还具有响应速度快、调速范围大、且能更充分地发挥软件的功能等优点。因此,应用微计算机对直流电动机进行实时控制已引起了人们足够地重视。本文利用控制可控硅的导通角采调节电枢电压,从而十分方便地在大范围内对直流电动机的转速实现了快速准确地控制,为直流电动机的微机实时控制提供了一种简单易行的实用方法和应用软件。     

碳化硼对碳／碳复合材料的催化石墨化作用

本文研究了用Ｂ４Ｃ作催化剂，以降低Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的石墨化温度，并比较分析了添加Ｂ４Ｃ后，对Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料力学、热物理性能的影响。结果表明，添加Ｂ４Ｃ后，在比通常石墨化温度低４００℃的情况下，石墨化度反而增加了１４％，达到了８５％。Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的抗热震性能也有提高。同时应用Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）等分析手段，分析了Ｂ４Ｃ对Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的催化石墨化机理。     

C. J. Hogan,The Little Book of the Big Bang: A Cosmic Primer

Space Science Reviews -     

C/C复合材料光谱发射率测量研究

使用石英灯辐射加热器对C/C复合材料进行加热试验,分别用NiCr-NiSi热电偶及红外测温仪测量材料的背面温度,通过加热过程中的背面温度曲线,得到了材料的ελ-T图.结果表明:在1 123～1 273K情况下,ελ(λ=1.6μm)在0.93～0.87,随温度升高,C/C复合材料的光谱发射率ελ呈下降趋势.