Open System Avionics Architectures

Over the last three years, Open System Avionics Architecture concepts have been addressed by the avionics community as a method for increasing affordability. The Naval Air Systems Command (Nav Air) led Advanced Avionics Architecture and Technology Review team of 1992, followed by the multiservice Avionics Engineering SubBoard (AESB) implementation phase team are two examples. The Perry memo and formation of the Open Systems Joint Task Force (OS-JTF) are further evidence of the importance placed on open systems at the DoD level. This paper summarizes these activities and their importance. Examples of the savings that can be expected by application of open systems are presented. Finally, significant on-going work along with critical technologies and concepts that need to be matured to make open systems successful are discussed     

航空电子综合化系统通信子网设计研究

传统的航空电子综合化系统(IAS)中,通信子网的自治性很差,其管理控制是由应用宿主机来进行的,最终成了限制IAS性能的瓶颈。针对上述问题,研究设计了一个基于MIL-STD-1553B总线的IAS通信子网—1553BCN。1553BCN实现了通信子网的自治管理和容错(降级)运行,并向宿主机提供具有“恰一次”(exactlyonce)可靠性语义的应答式可变长消息通信服务。实践表明,1553BCN能较好地满足IAS的通信要求,可用以构造新一代IAS。     

Modular Stores Management System

Advanced Military aircraft operational requirements demand an ever increasing variety and quantity of Stores, coupled with continuous improvement in mission success, safety of operation, aircrew and groundcrew workload, interoperability and ground support facilities. Until now these ever more demanding requirements have been met by costly customized stores management system designs. GEC Avionics has surveyed the potential SMS requirements of a comprehensive range of aircraft and weapon types, in order to define a universal SMS design concept based on system availability, integrity and reliability, operational functions, peripheral interfaces and maintenance/human factors. This advanced concept not only includes provision for all existing weapon types but also has growth potential for the evolving MIL-STD-1760 weapon interfaces. System interface requirements have been rationalized in order to achieve a Modular Stores Management System (MSMS) design based on major factors such as cost, mission requirements and customer specifications. The key work for a successful MSMS design is flexibility and GEC Avionics has evolved a set of standard modules which can be packaged to satisfy specific customer needs. Typically, the standard modules provide over 80% of the hardware in every Stores Management application. The MSM concept features much reduced development costs and timescales, commonality between aircraft types minimizing parts inventory, VLSI technology providing high reliability and a common product support and maintenance philosophy. The MSM design offers a highly cost effective low risk concept for meeting the needs of modernization and new aircraft programs.     

民用飞机IMA系统研制保证等级分配的研究

当今的民用飞机普遍使用综合模块化航电(IMA)系统,使飞机上出现了大量的相似设计和资源共享的情况,这为控制研制过程中引入的差错带来了许多挑战.以适航取证为目标,为将研制差错控制在可接受范围内,按照ARP-4754A提供的指导原则,对民用飞机综合模块化航电系统的研制保证等级分配方法和过程进行了分析,得到了适用于民用飞机综合模块化航电系统研制保证等级分配的3点指导原则.为使用综合模块化航电系统的民用飞机的研制差错控制提供了有价值的指导和经验,也为综合模块化航电系统平台的研制提供了有益参考.     

综合模块化航空电子系统标准分析及发展展望

从综合模块化航空电子系统的应用出发,分析重点标准,对未来航电标准进行了展望。     

光纤通道在基于MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统网络中的应用

光纤通道作为新一代的航空电子系统通信网络技术,具有传输速度高、延时低、传输距离远和可靠性高等特性,高达4G bps的数据传输带宽,为其上层通信协议提供了一种通用的高速率的数据传输通道。FC-1553作为光纤通道上层通信协议之一,对MIL-STD-1553通信协议具有完全的兼容性,它继承了传统MIL-STD-1553通信协议的基本特征,实现了向光纤通道链路层的映射,从而扩展了通信网络的结构,提高了网络的通信能力。本文首先介绍MIL-STD-1553和光纤通道的基本特性,然后描述在光纤通道中对1553通信协议的映射,最后,提出了基于光纤通道和MIL-STD-1553的航空电子系统通信网络结构。     

基于Master/Detail构架的航电专用配置工具设计与实现

本文重点讲述如何利用Master/Details结构来实现航电专用配置工具,并介绍了实现该结构所需要的软件和硬件环境,以及Master/Details结构的实现过程。以解析XSD文档生成解析树和配置文件为例,验证了Master/Details结构能够很好得支持航电专用配置工具的实现。     

航空电子系统分区间通信监控技术的研究和实现

当今基于ARINC653的综合化航空电子系统的应用日益广泛,分区作为ARINC653提出的任务调度和资源共享的核心概念,其相互间通信的可靠性和安全性成为航空电子系统要解决的重要问题.详细阐述了分区间通信监视的原理,并给出了一种可行的分区间通信监视器设计和实现方案.应用表明分区间通信监视器极大地改善和提高了航空电子系统的通信监控能力,为通信故障诊断和分析提供了依据.     

航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553通信网络接口验证测试

MIL-STD-1553数据总线为航空电子系统提供了一个系统支撑数据交换网络,它是航空电子系统集成的纽带,其通信完成的质量直接影响航空电子系统设计的成败。本文首先介绍了航空电子系统MIL-STD-1553基于OSI模型的通信终端的基本结构;然后给出了对网络接口执行测试的内容,包括MIL-STD-1553标准协议验证测试、应用网络通信协议验证测试和实时通信验证测试。这三种类型的测试将全面验证MIL-STD-1553通信终端的设计是否满足MIL-STD-1553标准通信协议及航空电子系统通信协议的要求。     

基于AADL的航空电子系统安全性分析

AADL是一种描述嵌入式实时系统的软硬件结构、安全性、可靠性等关键性能特性的重要手段,目前已广泛应用于基于ARINC653的综合化航电系统。安全性作为综合化航电系统的关键性能之一,已成为需要解决的重要问题。详细阐述了基于AADL的航空电子系统安全性分析的原理,并给出了一种可行的航空电子系统安全性分析的设计和实现方案,为航空电子系统安全性的设计提供了一种验证方法。     

综合化航电系统中的密钥管理方法研究

综合化航电系统的安全问题将是系统设计者的主要挑战之一,密钥管理是解决安全问题的基础.综合化航电系统的密钥管理不同于联合式航电系统,不存在专用的安全模块和加密总线,因此密钥及保密数据的加载需要新的方式.从综合化航电系统的特点出发,从地面到空中全方位考虑密钥的生成、加载、分配、存储以及擦除的过程,给出了航电系统密钥管理的一个具体方案,并对该方案的优缺点进行了分析,表明该方案具有较好的安全性.     

Using open networking standards over MIL-STD-1553 networks

Over the past several decades, the MIL-STD-1553 networking technology has found use in a number of military and aerospace platforms, including applications on aircraft, ships, tanks, missiles, satellites, and even the International Space Station. In developing software applications for these platforms, the use of modern, open networking standards such as TCP/IP is often preferable. The Internet Protocol (IP) provides communications routing, and the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides reliable delivery to the application level. Furthermore, higher-level protocols such as the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the File Transfer Protocol (FTP), etc. can be utilized in a TCP/IP environment. Though these open communications standards are preferable for many situations, the MIL-STD-1553B standard does not immediately lend itself to TCP/IP communications. One of the reasons for this is the fundamental difference between the MIL-STD-1553B networking standard, which relies on a bus controller to control communications and other data link layer networking protocols such as IEEE 8023 (Ethernet) which are Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) networks, and are thus decentralized. Despite differences in MIL-STD-1553B networking and more traditional data link layer networking protocols, there is nothing fundamentally preventing IP communication over a 1553 network. We have implemented a method of encapsulating IP datagrams within MDL-STD-1553B data messages that allows for transparent use of Internet Protocol (IP) APIs at the application level. Our system allows traditional 1553 messages to also be transported over the network, and even allows traditional messages to take a higher transmission priority over IP traffic. We analyze the advantages of such a system and the performance level we achieved with our implementation of this concept.     

电子战无人机航电系统及其发展

本文从电子战无人机的概念和有效载荷入手,介绍了电子战无人机的航电组成,研究了美国现有典型的电子战无人机航电系统,最后对电子战无人机航电系统的关键技术发展进行了展望     

基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计

介绍了MIL-STD-1553B总线和BU-61580芯片的特点,给出了基于BU-61580的MIL-STD-1553B远程终端设计思路和方法。最后结合工程实际给出了利用单片机MS1210Y5对BU-61580的初始化、接收、发送过程。     

Zener Diodes as Vehicular and Aircraft Transient Suppressors

The prime purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics and application of high powered Zener diodes as transient suppressors for transients emanating in ground vehicle and aircraft power supplies. Information is presented on voltage transients as specified in MIL-STD-704 for aircraft and MIL-STD-1275(AT) for military ground vehicles and the ability of advanced high power Zener diodes in suppressing the levels of voltages specified therein. A complete transient suppressor capable of operating externally to the equipment intended for protection is also described.     

分区内进程管理的设计与实现

为了满足新一代航空电子系统高度综合化、模块化的要求,在高安全实时操作系统中引入了分区(Partition)的概念。分区是运行于一个处理机模块上的一个或多个应用程序(或子系统),这些应用程序在时间和空间上彼此隔离,互不影响。分区由一个或多个进程组成,每个进程隶属于特定的分区,各进程之间按照一定的调度策略并发执行。依据微内核的体系结构,本文着重讨论了分区内进程管理方法,涉及进程优先级调度实现、虚中断响应、进程截止期处理和周期进程管理。     

航空电子系统人机接口控制技术的未来发展

介绍了国外对语音控制、眼位控制、手势控制、生物电控制等技术在航电系统应用的研究状况,分析了这些技术目前应用的可行性。     

航电产品印制板组件三防材料发展趋势

航电产品印制板组件在完成电子装配、测试调试等工序后,一般要求喷涂三防涂层等方式进行防护保护,使印制板组件具备防潮湿、防霉菌、防盐雾等特性,保障其能够在复杂使用环境中正常工作。现有使用的航电产品印制板组件三防材料在面向未来产品使用需求时,其固有缺点逐渐显现。随着三防新材料新工艺出现,这一问题可能会得到有效解决。本文介绍航电产品印制板组件防护总体要求与现有三防材料特点,结合近年来三防新材料的发展总结未来三防材料发展趋势。     

基于1773光纤数据总线的光传飞控系统

为完成直升机显模型跟踪光传飞控系统局域网的设计,对基于 MIL-STD-1533B多路传输数据总线协议的 MIL-STD-1773光总线协议进行了研究;提出了基于1773光总线的光传系统的开发思想和途径,并对光总线的硬件结构配置及软件实现进行了设计;构建了直升机显模型跟踪光传操纵系统的地面物理仿真验证平台,由给出的光传与电传对比仿真,表明所设计系统是正确并可行的,对开发光传操纵技术具有工程意义。     

基于VxWorks的惯性平台测试系统构建及BSP设计

本文提出了一种基于VxWorks的惯性平台测试计算机系统的构建方案,并设计了相应的BSP。该方案是以工控机为基础,通过添加PCI设备进行功能扩充,添加的PCI设备有以太网设备、RS-422通讯设备、MIL-STD-1553B通讯设备,此外还添加了一块并口硬盘。这种方案将工控机的强大计算能力与VxWorks实时特性相结合,并使工控机具有网络通讯、RS-422通讯、MIL-STD-1553B通讯、大量数据存储等功能,同时这种方案具有低成本、易实现的优点。