Lessons learned from the dynamic identification/qualification tests on the ESC-A upper stage model

The dynamic qualification of the new cryogenic upper stage ESC-A of the ARIANE 5 is supported by several tests in order to verify the assumptions and the modeling approach made at the beginning of the development. The stage contains a large amount of equipment such as propellant lines, acceleration rockets, batteries, fluid control equipment etc. For the low frequency domain the verification of the equipment responses in the integrated state was done by a sine vibration test, excited to levels representing the predicted flight loads including a qualification factor. Acoustic tests with the upper stage were performed to verify the random vibration responses in the frequency range up to 2000 Hz. To verify the shock response level induced by stage separation (pyro-shock) a stage separation test was performed. The paper concentrates on the experience made with the modal identification and sine vibration test of the stage. For the sine vibration test an electro-dynamic multi-shaker table was used. It was able to produce the required input precisely up to as specified, not an easy task for a test set-up of 20 tons weight. The paper presents the approach of how the dynamic qualification was reached successfully and highlights the experience accomplished.     

返回舱再入过程密封舱气体泄漏计算研究

为分析返回舱再入过程中密封舱漏孔内外压差,并对漏孔变流量充气过程进行研究,采用离散化分析方法将返回舱再入过程分成若干个阶段,针对容积为14 m~3的密封舱和面积为10 cm~2的漏孔,计算并获得了密封舱内外压差、漏孔质量流率、漏孔流速等参数在50~5 km范围内随高度下降的变化规律。结果表明:在高度5 km开伞时刻,漏孔质量流率达到最大值0.134 kg/s,舱内外压差趋近于最大值,约20 172 Pa;返回舱下降过程中漏孔流速在148.4~181.5 m/s之间,处于亚声速区;漏孔气体流速与漏孔面积大小无关,仅与漏孔内外压力及漏孔进口空气密度有关。以上研究结果可为密封舱结构强度设计、伞舱弹伞设计提供参考。     

Orbiting solar telescope on “Salyut-4” station

The orbiting solar telescope on Salyut-4 (F = 2,5 m, d = 250 mm) produces images of the Sun on the entrance slit of a stigmatic two-grating spectrograph (R₁ = 1 m, N₁ = 1200 lines/mm; R₂ = 0.5 m, N₂ = 2400 lines/mm, dispersion 16 Å/mm, spectral resolution 0,3 Å). The automatic system keeps the observed solar features on the slit of the spectrograph with an accuracy of 3–4 arc sec. The far UV-spectra (970–1400 Å) of solar flares, brightenings, flocculi and prominences were photographed and fresh coatings of mirrors were made during the flight.