Synthesis of electrode system and simulation of ion-marking sensor for aerodynamic angle and airspeed measurement

A functional scheme, primary informative signals, a method of electrode system structural parameters synthesis and evaluation of a systematic error of the ion-marking sensor for aerodynamic angle and airspeed measurement are the focus of this paper.     

飞机燃油油量测量及姿态误差修正方法

提出了一种基于 CAD技术的航空燃油油量实时测量方法。采用三维实体造型技术 ,建立了某飞机机翼油箱模型 ,利用油量传感器的输出值及飞机姿态信息 ,对燃油油量进行实时测量及姿态误差修正。     

空天飞行器星敏感器安装误差在线标定方法

空天飞行器高动态、长航时的运动特性可能导致一体化安装的惯性/天文组合导航系统中星敏感器与惯导间产生安装误差角。设计了一种星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方法,建立了星敏感器安装误差角模型,设计了基于天文角度观测的星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方案,分析了不同机动飞行方式下星敏感器安装误差角的可观测度。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于卡尔曼滤波的动态辨识方法能够在飞行器机动过程中快速地对星敏感器安装误差角进行在线标定,对安装误差角的标定值可以达到实际误差值的85%以上,有效地提高了组合导航系统的精度。     

空天飞行器星敏感器安装误差在线标定方法

空天飞行器高动态、长航时的运动特性可能导致一体化安装的惯性/天文组合导航系统中星敏感器与惯导间产生安装误差角。设计了一种星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方法,建立了星敏感器安装误差角模型,设计了基于天文角度观测的星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方案,分析了不同机动飞行方式下星敏感器安装误差角的可观测度。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于卡尔曼滤波的动态辨识方法能够在飞行器机动过程中快速地对星敏感器安装误差角进行在线标定,对安装误差角的标定值可以达到实际误差值的85%以上,有效地提高了组合导航系统的精度。     

大型飞机舱音记录器设计

大型飞机和其他多成员飞机需加装舱音记录器,所记录的各种语音信息可以和飞行数据记录器记录的数据信息一起为飞行事故调查提供全面科学的依据。针对中国目前舱音记录器技术落后的现状。设计研制了一套新型基于ARM9平台,采用嵌入式Linux操作系统的舱音记录器,可以装备大型飞机和其他多成员飞机使用,该记录器采用目前最为先进的主流开发平台,系统运行稳定、高效,选用性能优良的AMBE-1000声码芯片实现了语音信号高品质采集和回放。通过音频频谱分析显示,记录器的频率响应、失真度等指标优于国内外同类产品的技术指标,具有良好的实用性和推广应用价值。     

Propagation and System Accuracy Impact of Major Sensor Errors on a Strapdown Aircraft Navigator

A strapdown system is considered as an unaided inertial navigator aboard an aircraft. Presented here are simulation results detailing the propagation of navigation errors (in nautical miles) due to strapdown sensor errors for four trajectories. They indicate the type of performance that can be expected from a strapdown system utilizing good ?off the shelf? gyros and accelerometers, and dramatically illustrate the improvements necessary in these components to obtain navigation performance comparable to that available from a good gimballed inertial system. The total navigation error for each trajectory is broken down to show the contribution from each of the various error sources. This breakdown quickly reveals which are the critical error sources for a given trajectory class, and also points up the relationship that exists between each individual error source, aircraft maneuvers, and the resulting navigation error. Several of the error mechanisms are discussed at length and a set of linearized differential equations which can be used to analyze error propagations is presented. These results should be of particular interest to the system designer who is faced with the problem of specifying the sensor error parameters necessary to meet mission performance requirements. With an analysis similar to the one presented here, but structured around his own expected mission trajectories, the designer should be able to confidently predict system accuracies and intelligently perform tradeoffs on the critical system parameters.     

电容成像传感器优化设计及其试验研究

为了减小电容层析成像(Electrical Capacitance Tomography,ECT)传感器相邻极板间耦合电容引起电容测量时的噪声值,设计了差分电极传感器系统并对差分电极与测量电极距离进行参数优化。实验系统采用现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)直接数字频率生成模块生成数字量的正弦激励信号,通过D/A转化为正负交流信号分别对测量电极和差分电极进行激励。差分电极与测量电极到管道中点的距离比例约1:1.2时传感器灵敏度最佳,仿真图像误差降低至0.23,图像相关系数提升到0.84;实验中空场时的系统平均信噪比比普通传感器提升了5.10dB,满场时的系统平均信噪比提升了4.50dB,相邻电极对的静止电容减少至38%,而电容变化占用最多测量值,即62%。差分电极传感器系统经过电极之间距离的优化设计,传感器系统性能得到提升,通过实验验证其可行性,并且能够应用在滑油监测。     

飞机油量测量传感器的寻优布置

飞机油量测量传感器在油箱中的安装位置将随飞行姿态的变化而带来测量误差。本文对现代战斗机中的几种典型油箱,采用计算机仿真的方法进行优化布置使姿态误差最小或确定修正关系。仿真结果表明:对长方体油箱,若单根传感器布置在油箱的中心线时,将使姿态误差最小;对某机型油箱,给出了传感器安装位置与飞行姿态的误差关系;对对称梯形油箱,若布置2根油量测量传感器及选择合理的安装位置时可使姿态误差接近为零。上述研究为这类油箱的油量测量传感器的寻优布置提供了理论依据。     

电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中的应用

叙述了电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中应用。首先,分析了电容式传感器在飞机燃油测量系统中工作的基本原理:因燃油液面位置变化而使电容量产生变化,将其转化为实时电信号,可以实现对飞机油箱油量变化的实时测量。其次,分析了测量误差产生的原因,并提出了改进措施。     

航空用磁致伸缩油量传感器的研究与设计

飞机油箱剩余油量的精确测量是项很复杂的工作。它涉及到液位测量，飞行姿态误差修正，气压和温度引起的燃油密度的变化对测量影响的修正，油箱形状和结构的不规则带来的高度一体积一质量关系的非线性等诸多因素。本文着重介绍了将磁致伸缩传感技术应用到油量测量中重要的环节——液位测量中的原理及传感器结构，应用该方法可使液位测量的精度得到很大提高，为后续误差修正和数据处理打下良好的基础。     

Optimum Signals for Radar

The research reported herein deals with the general problem of the selection of radar waveforms. The investigation is specifically concerned with the synthesis of radar signals which are optimum in the sense that they are characterized by ambiguity surfaces minimized over certain predetermined regions of the ambiguity plane. The weighted ambiguity surface is utilized as the weighted error criterion. This error criterion is mathematically tractable and pertinent to radar system performance but is not unduly restrictive as some orientation parameters are left unspecified for subsequent cost or penalty function analysis. The signal optimization is approached by variational techniques augmented by equality and inequality constraints, for example, limiting the amount of bandwidth or frequency modulation to be less than some system requirement. Several examples are presented demonstrating the optimization techniques and providing a minimum error for the stated problem. It is shown that for any given type of amplitude modulation of the radar signal, the variance or dispersion of the ambiguity surface is not decreased for any type of phase modulation added. The optimum signal for an elliptical weighting function is derived for several cases. The minimum error is shown to depend upon the constraints and the unspecified orientation parameters and, for one case, on the second moment of the signal.     

引气系统建模及传感器集优化分析

MADe(维修感知设计环境)是基于功能流模型、系统失效知识和测试信息的系统测试性与健康感知综合仿真分析工具。给出了功能流模型定义及其建模流程,详细分析了飞机引气系统的工作模式、层次结构、功能流及典型部件的物理失效过程,并实现了引气系统典型工况的建模。基于引气系统功能流模型和功能流传播表对传感器集进行了优化,包括传感器集的选择和诊断规则分析。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地实现引气系统的建模,实现引气系统故障诊断与健康监控方案的优化。     

Reconstructed Flight Control Sensor Signals Via Luenberger Observers

The feasibility of providing flight control systems with software-managed redundancy is investigated. It is shown that sufficient information can be extracted from aircraft attitude sensors to allow analytic reconstruction of the stability augmentation system (SAS) sensor signals in the event of SAS sensor failures. The sensor signal reconstruction is performed in a deterministic setting by using a Luenberger observer. A simple and efficient design procedure is presented based on Gopinath's [1] work. As an illustrative example, the proposed sensor signal reconstruction technique is exercised on the L-1011 aircraft lateral axis rigid body simulation. It is shown that with an accurate airframe model perfect reconstruction is feasible. In addition, it is also shown via simulation results that with imperfect knowledge of the airframe model (based on standard wind tunnel data), the proposed reconstruction is accurate enough to have a negligible impact on the overall aircraft performance.     

基于低冗余度的传感器故障诊断研究

对于大型飞机来说,飞行控制系统各部件(包括传感器)多采用高余度的硬件配置来提高系统的任务可靠性,但对小型飞机来说,由于受重量、空间及费用等原因的影响,一些传感器不适合安装三余度或四余度传感器。对于二余度或单传感器来说,如何鉴别故障传感器或判断传感器是否发生故障较为困难。同样,传统的故障诊断与隔离方法并不能隔离三余度传感器系统中的多个故障。为了解决低冗余度传感器故障诊断问题,提出一种不依赖数学模型的奇偶方程方法与小波分析相结合的传感器故障诊断方法。     

基于ANSYS的同面多电极电容传感器仿真研究

同面多电极电容传感器是一种新的飞机复合材料构件损伤检测技术,该检测技术的正问题中敏感场分布函数的计算要涉及到静电场中电容计算问题。在仿真研究中,电容要通过场的数值计算方法来求得。本文介绍了如何使用ANSYS有限元分析计算同面多电极电容传感器中的各电极对之间的电容,对检测材料发生异常及传感器参数改变时电容的变化进行了分析,为损伤检测的特征提取和逆问题图像重构提供了仿真数据。     

基于AD7746的同面电极电容检测系统设计

同面多电极技术是一种新型的飞机复合材料构件异常检测技术,而实现同面电极电容的精确、稳定的测量是实现该技术的关键问题之一。本文以FPGA为核心,采用ADI公司推出24位高精度电容数字转换器AD7746,设计了同面电极电容检测系统,并给出系统的软硬件设计。实验结果表明：系统能够稳定测量出微小电容,可检测到复合材料实验样板0.2 mm厚度变化和8.6 mm检测深度。     

Applications of Mininum Variance Reduced-State Estimators

This paper presents an algorithm for a class of suitably constrained reduced-order filters which minimize the variance of the estimated variables. The algorithm generates both the filter gain history and the true estimation error covariance. The algorithm provides a quantitative criterion which can be used to measure the performance of any reduced-order estimator. Both continuous and discrete estimators are considered. Several examples are treated including an application of the technique to a hybrid navigation system of high order.     

8米×6米风洞TPS反推力试验技术

TPS(涡扇动力模拟器)试验技术是风洞中模拟发动机反推力状态最有效的手段.开展反推力试验的目的是获得反推力发动机对飞机气动特性的影响,确定反推力发动机的再吸入速度边界.为满足我国大飞机研制的试验技术需求,中国空气动力研究与发展中心在8米×6米风洞发展了全模TPS反推力试验技术.自主研制了TPS反推力试验专用的高精度六分量杆式应变天平、大流量空气桥和流量控制单元、TPS监视报警系统、数据采集系统、综合显示系统等TPS反推力试验系统,制定了试验模拟准则、试验流程和试验方法,建立了完善的全模TPS反推力试验技术.利用TPS反推力试验技术,开展了国内首期全模TPS反推力风洞试验,研究了某型飞机反推力发动机的再吸入特性,获得了反推力发动机的再吸入速度边界.     

橡胶O形圈工艺稳定性分析与计算

飞机各系统的密封性主要是靠橡胶O形圈来保证的，因此，严格控制橡胶O形圈的质量是实现飞机系统密封安全的关键。本文针对某型飞机橡胶O形圈研制中存在的一些影响工艺稳定性的问题进行了研究分析，提出了改进措施。在开展考核试验工作的基础上，通过方差计算，给出了一种判定O形圈工艺稳定性的方法。     

航空发动机控制系统传感器FDIA系统仿真

基于卡尔曼滤波器组,建立了航空发动机控制系统传感器故障诊断系统,实现了对单个传感器故障的检测、隔离与重构(FDIA),确保了发动机控制系统即使在传感器故障发生的情况下,依然能安全可靠地工作.同时利用Simulink建立一个通用的发动机传感器故障诊断仿真平台,在此仿真平台上,对故障的诊断进行仿真验证,并分析了测量噪声对故障诊断系统性能的影响,为发动机在线传感器故障诊断系统的实现提供理论依据.