基于IFM技术的捷变频雷达综合测试仪

介绍了一种基于瞬时测频(IFM)技术的非相参捷变频雷达综合测试仪的设计方法.应用该仪器可以在捷变频状态下对捷变频雷达导引头进行各种性能测试,解决了捷变频雷达导引头不能在捷变频状态下进行测试的难题.     

脉冲多普勒主动引导头自动化单元测试系统

叙述了脉冲多普勒主动导引头自动化单元测试系统的研制及其工作原理.实践表明,该测试系统能够自动设置导引头和测试设备的各种状态,自动完成各种复杂的测试过程,实时显示关键参数曲线,并自动生成记录文件;而且还能自动记录产品各部分的加电时间和过程,使导引头的调试和测试过程大大简化.该系统具有以下特点①模拟信号的延迟、多普勒频率、功率和噪声,且全部实现程序控制.采用晶振、分频等数字电路形成的多普勒频率、脉冲延迟,其准确度高、稳定性好,易和计算机联系.性能指标先进,使用非常方便.②模拟信号具有宽带特点,对不同点频的导引头,频率范围都可覆盖.③目标信号模拟器嵌入微处理器和接口电路,地面测试计算机通过RS-422接口和模拟器交换信息,并控制测试设备的工作状态,完成自动化测试.④控制台按特定程序加电,设有多项自动保护功能.     

高精度频标比对实现的新方法

提出了一种实现高精度频标比对的新方法,通过控制正反相切换电路来达到消除鉴相中的“死区”和非线性问题,通过对两个比对信号经过鉴相器输出的矩形脉冲进行填充,并对填充脉冲在给定时间内进行计数可以将计数值进行曲线拟合,得到高精度的相位比对曲线并计算出两比对信号的频差。     

低重频PD雷达的临界散射截面计算方法

提出了低脉冲重复频率PD(Pulse Doppler)雷达探测飞行器目标的临界散射截面的计算方法.针对低重频PD雷达对目标的发现概率计算过程中所遇到的问题,采用临界仰角法处理雷达的未知参数,将之合并为雷达系统特征常数.将低重频PD雷达的旁瓣杂波合理等效为白噪声,处理目标频移落在旁瓣杂波区的情况.采用等效杂波散射截面积叠加旁瓣杂波中目标临界散射截面处理目标频移落在主瓣杂波区的问题,并考虑偏置相位中心天线(DPCA)技术对目标频移落在主瓣杂波中时临界散射截面的影响,使计算结果更合理,从而完善低脉冲重复频率PD雷达在全频域中临界散射截面的计算方法.该方法可应用于计算目标突防时的发现概率.最后以E－2C预警机为例计算某目标突防过程中的临界散射截面.      

一种改进的运动目标抗遮挡跟踪算法

为解决运动目标在遮挡情况下的跟踪问题,提出一种基于目标运动预测与自适应多子块模板匹配相结合的抗遮挡跟踪算法.该算法建立了多子块模板匹配相关算法中遮挡情况的判定、子块模板匹配及自适应更新等准则,采用卡尔曼滤波模型预测目标在遮挡时的运动轨迹,并利用一种基于目标速度矢量的模板定位规则实现目标在遮挡结束后的接力跟踪.将该算法应用于存在多种遮挡情况下的实际视频中进行测试,实验结果表明:该算法不仅能够实现在部分遮挡情况下的目标跟踪,而且能在严重遮挡、甚至完全遮挡情况下对刚体和非刚体目标进行稳定有效地跟踪,保持目标运动轨迹的可靠性和完整性.     

基于渐进式注意力和分块遮挡的跨域行人重识别

针对跨域行人重识别中遮挡造成特征匹配缺失及细粒度辨识性特征被忽略的问题，提出了基于渐进式注意力和分块遮挡的跨域行人重识别方法。该方法通过学习行人未遮挡区域的多粒度辨别性特征，实现空间不对齐下的特征匹配。渐进式注意力模块将特征逐步分割为多个局部块，依次学习每块的辨别性特征，由粗到细地感知前景信息，从而解决目前网络不能提取多层次辨识性特征的问题，增强了特征的匹配能力；渐进式分块遮挡模块很好地适应模型逐步变强的学习能力特性，通过由易到难地生成遮挡数据，有效提取了未遮挡区域的辨识性特征，进而解决模型错误识别遮挡样本的问题，使得所提模型在遮挡情况下的鲁棒性得到有效提高。实验结果表明：所提方法在首位命中率和平均精确度2个指标上与当前主流方法相比具有显著的优越性；与2020年CVPR会议中QAConv行人重识别方法相比，在DukeMTMC-reID数据集(MSMT17→DukeMTMCreID)上的2个指标分别高出2.3%和6.2%，能够更加有效地实现跨域行人重识别，在OccludedDuke数据集(DukeMTMC-reID→Occluded-Duke)上的2个指标分别达到49.5%和39.0%，...     

航天器桁架结构拓扑优化设计

对带有附加结构的卫星主桁架结构进行了拓扑优化设计。优化的目的是在满足结构柔度和基频约束条件下使结构体积(结构质量)最小。对优化时可能存在的重频优化问题,采用半定规划法建立了结构优化模型,该方法可回避重频情况下敏度分析所带来的困难,对有无重频问题均适用。对附加结构的刚度及质量对拓扑优化结果的影响进行了讨论,并进行了多方案设计和比较。对桁架结构拓扑优化中常见的次元问题进行了分组处理,在满足卫星力学性能指标前提下,大幅度降低了桁架结构的质量,获得了工程适用的结构设计方案。     

基于随机遮挡和多粒度特征融合的行人重识别

针对行人重识别中存在遮挡及行人判别特征层次单调的问题，在IBN-Net50-a网络的基础上，提出了一种结合随机遮挡和多粒度特征融合的网络模型。通过对输入图像进行随机遮挡处理，模拟行人被遮挡的真实情景，以增强应对遮挡的鲁棒性；将网络分为全局分支、局部粗粒度互融分支和局部细粒度互融分支，提取全局显著性特征，同时补充局部多粒度深层特征，丰富行人判别特征的层次性；进一步挖掘局部多粒度特征间的相关性进行深度融合；联合标签平滑交叉熵损失和三元组损失训练网络。在3个标准公共数据集和1个遮挡数据集上，将所提方法与先进的行人重识别方法进行比较，实验结果表明：在Market1501、DukeMTMC-reID、CUHK03标准公共数据集上，所提方法的Rank-1分别达到了95.2%、89.2%、80.1%，在遮挡数据集Occluded-Duke上，所提方法的Rank-1和mAP分别达到了60.6%和51.6%，均优于对比方法，证实了方法的有效性。     

复合导引头目标信息融合抗干扰技术研究

复合导引头由微波制导至红外制导的过程中,受干扰条件的影响,有可能出现错误交班。为了提高导引头应对干扰的能力,设计了一种微波/红外目标信息融合抗干扰方法,该方法利用微波与红外目标信息进行关联度检测,对跟踪微波与红外运动的趋势进行在线实时判断,及时做出干扰误交班判定。在进行了干扰误交班的情况下,MATLAB数字仿真结果表明,该算法能够准确有效地给出干扰误交班判断,从而保证了在干扰环境下对目标跟踪的稳定性。     

天龙长吟震海疆——中国天龙系列多功能反舰导弹

在第十一届北京航展上，二航洪部航空工业集团展出了自行研制的“天龙”系列轻型反舰导弹，为我国近程导弹增添了新的成员，“天龙”系列导弹均为高亚声速导弹，攻击特征曲线显示在发射后导弹将爬升到一种定高度后降低进入掠海飞行，在飞行末端进行俯冲攻击。“天龙”系列导弹采用模块化设计，其战斗部、导引头皆可以相应互换。这次展出的为“天龙”-10A和“天龙”-6B的实体模型，其代号为JJ／TL-10A和JJ／TL-6B（JJ代表舰舰，TL为“天龙”拼音缩写，A为电视导引头型号，B为雷达导引头型号）。     

Changes in total electron content (TEC) during the annular solar eclipse of 15 January 2010

The solar eclipse of 15 January 2010 was an annular eclipse of the Sun with a maximum magnitude of 0.96 at 1.62°N, 69.29°E. To study the effect of this solar eclipse on the ionosphere the GPS data recorded at three different Indian stations Varanasi (Geographic latitude 25°, 16′N, longitude 82°, 59′E), Hyderabad (Geographic latitude 17°, 20′N, longitude 78°, 30′E) and Bengaluru (Geographic latitude 12°, 58′N, longitude 77°, 33′E) have been used to retrieve ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The ionospheric response to this rare event has been studied in terms of GPS-derived TEC observed at all the three Indian stations. A significant reduction in TEC reflected by all PRNs at all the three stations has been observed. The magnitude of the reduction in VTEC compared to quiet mean VTEC depends on latitude as well as longitude. The amount of reduction observed from different satellites (PRN) is different and depends on the location of the satellite from the solar eclipse path.     

A study on TEC reduction during the tail phase of the 21st June 2020 annular solar eclipse

Ionospheric response during the annular solar eclipse of June 21, 2020, has been examined in terms of the Total Electron Content (TEC) obtained from six Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers positioned in the Chinese-Taiwanese region. We have shown TEC variation from satellites designated by PRNs (Pseudo-Random Noise code) 2, 6, and 19. PRN wise TEC trend was observed to depend upon satellite-pass trajectory to the receiver's location during the eclipse period. A time lag of ~15–30 min is also observed in maximum TEC decrement after the phase of maximum eclipse. Instead of the percentage of eclipse magnitude, a reduction in TEC is seen more for the station for which the orbital track of respective satellites was in closer view relative to receivers for more hours of eclipse window. Additionally, the eclipse day diurnal variations are compared with the pre-eclipse day TEC trend, and observed results show a clear decrease in TEC values at all chosen stations after the eclipse onset then reached the lowest value a few minutes afterward the maximum eclipse phase.     

The investigation of the ionospheric variability by the radiotranslucence method

To provide a continuous single-point sounding of a large-scale region of the ionosphere the translucence method of studying the ionosphere utilizing satellite navigation system signals has been used. Simultaneous receiving the signals of GPS Navstar and GLONASS from different azimuths gives information on variations of the ionosphere in almost real time. Using measured data the reconstruction of the electron density profiles in the regions of intersection of a sounding ray with the ionosphere has been carried out. The translucence method was used to investigate the ionosphere effects of a partial solar eclipse (PSE) that occurred on 11.08 1999 by probing of the ionosphere with different GPS system signals in the Zwenigorod region.     

The solar eclipse and its associated ionospheric TEC variations over Indian stations on January 15, 2010

An annular solar eclipse occurred over the Indian subcontinent during the afternoon hours of January 15, 2010. This event was unique in the sense that solar activity was minimum and the eclipse period coincides with the peak ionization time at the Indian equatorial and low latitudes. The number of GPS receivers situated along the path of solar eclipse were used to investigate the response of total electron content (TEC) under the influence of this solar eclipse. These GPS receivers are part of the Indian Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) named as ‘GAGAN’ (GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) program. The eight GPS stations located over the wide range of longitudes allows us to differentiate between the various factors induced due to solar eclipse over the equatorial and low latitude ionosphere. The effect of the eclipse was detected in diurnal variations of TEC at all the stations along the eclipse path. The solar eclipse has altered the ionospheric behavior along its path by inducing atmospheric gravity waves, localized counter-electrojet and attenuation of solar radiation intensity. These three factors primarily control the production, loss and transport of plasma over the equatorial and low latitudes. The localized counter-electrojet had inhibited the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the longitude belt of 72°E–85°E. Thus, there was a negative deviation of the order of 20–40% at the equatorial anomaly stations lying in this ‘inhibited EIA region’. The negative deviation of only 10–20% is observed for the stations lying outside the ‘inhibited EIA region’. The pre-eclipse effect in the form of early morning enhancement of TEC associated with atmospheric gravity waves was also observed during this solar eclipse. More clear and distinctive spatial and temporal variations of TEC were detected along the individual satellite passes. It is also observed that TEC starts responding to the eclipse after 30 min from start of eclipse and the delay of the maximum TEC deviation from normal trend with respect to the maximum phase of the eclipse was close to one hour in the solar eclipse path.     

2009年7月22日日全食期间电离层参量的变化

利用多个电离层垂测站的数据和IGS-TEC数据资料, 结合日地空间环境指数, 分析了2009年7月22日日全食期间中国地区电离层参量(反射回波最低频率fmin及f0F2和TEC)的变化特征. 结果表明, 日食发生后fmin迅速降低, 日食结束后fmin迅速恢复到正常水平; 在食甚时刻附近, f0F2和TEC出现明显的降低, 显示了明显的光食效应. 日食结束后5~6 h, f0F2和TEC出现不同程度的正扰动, 在驼峰区更明显; 日食结束后9~10 h, f0F2和TEC出现较显著的负扰动. 由于此次日食发生时伴随着中等强度的磁暴和低纬电场穿透等空间天气事件, 给此次日食电离层效应的深入分析带来很大困难.      

The response of sporadic E-layer to the total solar eclipse of July 22, 2009 over the equatorial ionization anomaly region of the Indian zone

The digital ionosonde located in Bhopal (23.2°N, 77.2°E), India has been used to investigate the responses of the Es layer in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crest to the total solar eclipse (TSE) of July 22, 2009. Results show the presence of intense Es layer during and after the eclipse period. The gravity waves induced by the solar eclipse propagated upward in the Es layer and produced the periodic disturbance. The results of the wavelet analysis display the presence of dominant oscillation of about 24–32, 16–20 and 8 min. The appearance of intense sporadic-E concomitantly with the signatures of gravity wave suggests that the wind shear introduced by the solar eclipse induced gravity wave might be the plausible mechanism behind the intensification of Es-layer ionization.     

磁扰期间地磁场日食效应的分析

本文利用扰动场差值的方法对1958年4月19日日环食及1968年9月22日日全食期间我国地磁场的日食效应进行了分析。在磁扰日中仍然分辨出了日食对我国有关地区地磁场的明显影响。对比两次日食的分析结果,定性地讨论了日食影响地磁场的大小和方向。      

利用COSMIC掩星数据监测电离层的异常变化

分析了COSMIC掩星数据反演电子密度的方法,利用实例研究反演方法的特点,并采用ISR非相干散射雷达获取的电子密度数据进行验证,进而反演了长三角区域SHAO（IGS）站上空在日全食和太阳风暴期间的电子密度廓线图. 通过与平静日期间电离层电子密度进行比较,发现日全食及太阳风暴导致电离层发生的异常变化,从而提出COSMIC掩星数据反演电子密度在监测电离层变化时所具有的优势.      

Ionospheric effects of the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse as deduced from European GPS network data

We present the results derived from measuring fundamental parameters of the ionospheric response to the August 11, 1999 total solar eclipse. Our study is based on using the data from about 70 GPS stations located in the neighbourhood of the eclipse totality phase in Europe. The key feature of our data is a higher reliability of determining the main parameters of the response to eclipse which is due to high space-time resolution and to the increased sensitivity of detection of ionospheric disturbances inherent in the GPS-array method which we are using. Our analysis revealed a well-defined effect of a decrease (depression) of the total electron content (TEC) for all GPS stations. The depth and duration of the TEC depression were found to be 0.2–0.3 TECU and 60 min, respectively. The delay τ between minimum TEC values with respect to the totality phase near the eclipse path increased gradually from 4 min in Greenwich longitude (10:40 UT, LT) to 18 min at the longitude 16° (12:09 LT). The local time-dependence of τ that is revealed in this paper is in agreement with theoretical estimates reported in (Stubbe, 1970).