考虑放宽静稳定度的民用客机气动优化设计

为了更加有效地减小民用客机考虑配平约束后的阻力,针对典型跨声速民用客机机翼-机身-平尾构型研究了不同静稳定度下的气动优化设计,并总结出在民用客机的减阻设计中考虑放宽静稳定度具有较大的减阻潜力。通过自由型面变形(FFD)技术对全机外形进行参数化,实现机翼型面的变形,进行气动优化设计并改变平尾的偏转保证全机能够力矩配平。采用基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程的离散伴随方法求解目标函数对设计变量的梯度,然后基于序列二次规划算法进行基于梯度的气动优化设计。基于CRM(Common Research Model)构型,针对不同参考重心位置进行了考虑配平约束的减阻优化设计研究,验证了优化设计系统的有效性,算例结果表明,随着重心位置后移即放宽静稳定度,优化构型配平阻力减小,外翼段前缘吸力峰值明显降低且双激波的强度得到有效减弱,此外机翼的升力系数分布更加贴合最佳升力系数分布。     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

250座级翼身融合布局客机气动设计与优化

结合民机客舱结构设计参数和飞机总体设计参数要求进行气动布局设计,获得250座级翼身融合(BWB)布局客机初步气动设计方案.采用数值求解N-S方程的方法获得该布局在巡航和起飞条件下的纵向气动特性.结果表明,在巡航条件下α=2°时最大升阻比Kmax可达15.9.以固定巡航飞行升力系数下最小化飞行阻力作为目标优化了机翼展向几何扭转角分布.结果表明,优化后外侧机翼的负载减轻,减小了激波强度和波阻,从而提高了巡航升阻比Kcruise.Kmax由初始布局的15.9提高到20.7,Kmax由初始布局的15.4提高到19.2,与现役同座级客机接近.优化后起飞特性得到改善,巡航平飞时低头力矩减小,Cm0为更接近零的一小负数,利于操纵.     

民用飞机迎角传感器布局气动分析

民用飞机迎角传感器布局设计的首要目标是使得迎角信号具有高鲁棒性及高信噪比的品质。在迎角传感器布局设计中,迎角信号的高鲁棒性体现为迎角校线不受侧滑角因素影响,高信噪比体现为迎角校线受机身迎角因素影响明显。本文通过CFD方法研究了迎角传感器布局在某民机机身不同位置时迎角校线随机身迎角及侧滑角的变化规律;获得了迎角校线随侧滑角变化不敏感的机身区域,及迎角校线随机身迎角变化敏感的机身区域,即在机身最大半宽线附近。该研究可为迎角传感器的布局设计提供参考。     

Aerodynamic design optimization of nacelle/pylon position on an aircraft

The arbitrary space-shape free form deformation (FFD) method developed in this paper is based on non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) basis function and used for the integral parameterization of nacelle-pylon geometry. The multi-block structured grid deformation technique is established by Delaunay graph mapping method. The optimization objects of aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated by solving NavierStokes equations on the basis of multi-block structured grid. The advanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized as search algorithm, which com-bines the Kriging model as surrogate model during optimization. The optimization system is used for optimizing the nacelle location of DLR-F6 wing-body-pylon-nacelle. The results indicate that the aerodynamic interference between the parts is significantly reduced. The optimization design system established in this paper has extensive applications and engineering value.     

Aerodynamic configuration integration design of hypersonic cruise aircraft with inward-turning inlets

In this work,a novel airframe/propulsion integration design method of the wing-body configuration for hypersonic cruise aircraft is proposed,where the configuration is integrated with inward-turning inlets.With the help of this method,the major design concern of balancing the aerodynamic performance against the requirements for efficient propulsion can be well addressed.A novel geometric parametrically modelling method based on a combination of patched class and shape transition (CST) and COONs surface is proposed to represent the configuration,especially a complex configuration with an irregular inlet lip shape.The modelling method enlarges the design space of components on the premise of guaranteeing the configuration integrity via special constraints imposed on the interface across adjacent surfaces.A basic flow inside a cone shaped by a dual-inflection-point generatrix is optimized to generate the inward-turning inlet with improvements of both compression efficiency and flow uniformity.The performance improvement mechanism of this basic flow is the compression velocity variation induced by the variation of the generatrix slope along the flow path.At the design point,numerical simulation results show that the lift-to-drag ratio of the configuration is as high as 5.2 and the inlet works well with a high level of compression efficiency and flow uniformity.The design result also has a good performance on off-design conditions.The achievement of all the design targets turns out that the integration design method proposed in this paper is efficient and practical.     

基于代理模型的大型民机机翼气动优化设计

先进的气动优化设计思想与方法,对于提升大型民机气动与综合性能具有至关重要的意义。探讨了大型民机超临界机翼气动优化设计的基本准则和要点,并结合代理优化算法,提出了一种面向工程应用的多轮次高效全局气动优化设计方法。首先,通过一系列解析函数/翼型/机翼优化测试算例进行了验证。其次,将所提出的方法与人工修型相结合,开展了针对宽体客机超临界机翼的两轮气动优化设计,使其气动性能得到显著改善。最后,采用不同的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程求解器对安装优化机翼的全机巡航构型进行了典型状态的气动性能综合评估。研究结果表明,所提出的代理优化算法具有很高的优化效率、较强的约束处理和全局优化能力;将所发展的基于代理模型的多轮次气动优化设计方法与人工修型相结合,能够获得满足设计要求的气动外形,验证了该方法在大型民机超临界机翼气动设计中的有效性和工程实用性。     

伴随压力分布反设计方法在大型客机气动优化中的初步探索

从工程应用角度出发,对离散伴随压力分布反设计优化方法在宽体客机机翼设计中的应用进行了研究。提出了三维构型伴随压力分布反设计与伴随优化相结合的优化设计思路,促进了离散伴随气动优化设计方法的工程化。首先,针对CRM机翼构型进行了三维压力分布反设计,验证了离散伴随压力分布反设计在三维问题中的准确性和高效性。其次,应用提出的新的优化设计思路,在某宽体全机构型两点气动优化结果的基础上,引入压力分布反设计约束方法,改进了机翼压力分布和低马赫数的阻力蠕增特性,并取得了不错的减阻及阻力发散特性提升效果,提升了优化构型的工程适用性。     

一种翼身组合体的气动概念设计

翼身组合体具有较高的升阻比,可进行较大范围的机动,而且还可以提高落点精度、扩大再入走廊、降低热流峰值并降低过载.本文采用模线设计方法设计横截面控制点,借鉴航天飞机气动力工程计算方法发展了一套可以预估翼身组合体飞行器纵横向气动力的工程计算方法.提出并建立了翼身组合体飞行器的优化设计模型并进行了计算,获得了带后掠下反翼的翼身组合体优化方案.对其升阻比特性、质心设计、稳定性问题、滑翔飞行特性及气动热环境进行了预测和讨论.研究表明,带后掠下反翼的翼身组合体方案可以在较小攻角时获得较大升阻比,纵横向稳定且具有较大的滑翔距离和滞空时间,是一种潜在的高超声速机动方案.     

Aerodynamic optimization of an adaptive flap for next-generation green aircraft

Adaptive,morphing flaps are taking ever-increasing attention in civil aviation thanks to the expected benefits this technology can bring at the aircraft level in terms of high-lift performance improvement and related fuel burnt reduction per flight.Relying upon morphing capabilities,it is possible to fix a unique setting for the flap and adapt the flap shape to match the aerodynamic requirements for take-off or landing.The proper morphed shapes can assure better high-lift performances than those...     

三维机翼的气动优化设计

将机翼外形参数化的思想和气动分析有效结合,在ISIGHT软件集成平台中同时实现三维外形建模、气动分析及其优化的全过程.探讨了机翼三维模型的自动化建模方法和解决方案,实现了机翼外形建模的完全自动化,并对实现机翼气动优化的相关算法进行了分析和研究.通过对机翼三维外形的自动调整和修改,在集成优化框架内,实现了气动性能的最优化...     

试验机机翼下挂载吊舱气动稳定性评估方法

采用CFD方法和飞行动力学仿真方法估算机翼下挂载吊舱对试验机飞行品质的影响。采用CFD技术计算挂载吊舱引起的试验机气动力和力矩增量,并将所得增量引入经试飞数据校验的飞机本体气动数据中,建立挂载吊舱后的整机气动模型;然后进行原机和挂载吊舱飞机的动力学仿真计算,评估挂载吊舱对飞机短周期运动模态的影响。计算结果显示,挂载吊舱后飞机短周期频率和阻尼比变化较小,未引起纵向飞行品质降级。     

某小型离心压气机气动设计

针对无人机动力装置的需求,为某小推力的涡轮喷气发动机进行了单级离心压气机的气动设计.所用的压气机设计方法为:从一维的热力计算出发来进行流道结构设计,以二维通流计算为基础,通过调整各排叶片的环量分布,来获得所要求的气动性能,并通过叶片任意造型最终生成与通流计算结果较为一致的三维叶型,最后通过三维计算流体动力学(CFD)计算来分析气动设计的性能结果.最终设计出的离心压气机在设计点的各项性能参数均达到了设计要求,并且在各个转速下压气机的特性线比较平缓,压气机有较为宽广的稳定工作范围.      

涵道气动优化设计方法

基于动量源方法进行涵道气动力的计算,分别采用响应面模型和基于神经网络模型对NASA涵道构型进行优化设计,并对优化结果采用CFD进行验证,优化结果表明两种优化方法均取得了一定的优化效果,悬停状态下,基于响应面方法,涵道拉力增加了19.4%,基于神经网络方法,涵道拉力增加了21.2%.并为了较为细致地研究涵道拉力产生的机理,在对涵道进行建模时,采用一种分区的方法,将涵道划分为6个区域,并得到了涵道拉力在此6个区域上的分布.计算结果表明:涵道唇口形成的负压是产生涵道附加拉力的主要因素,且靠近涵道内侧唇口提供的拉力占比重较大.该优化方法可以有效地应用于涵道外形的气动优化设计中.      

舰载机折叠翼气动特性分析

折叠翼技术是舰载机与航母相匹配的关键,研究折叠翼的气动特性对舰载机飞行动态及安全性具有重要意义。基于离散化的思想对折叠翼进行建模,并利用计算流体力学CAE软件Fluent对其进行数值计算,从升力系数和阻力系数变化及压力分布分析舰载机折叠翼的气动特性。结果表明:当折叠角为75°时,外翼的升力系数及侧向力系数将达到最大,阻力系数最小;一旦折叠机构失效,外翼的折叠将导致机翼整体升力系数及阻力系数大幅度下降,气动特性变差;与折叠机构失效前相比,折叠后的机翼失速迎角变小,且在失速后升力系数有缓慢上升趋势。     

A methodology for constructing the aircraft design schema

Aircraft collaboration design is based on a unified set of schemas containing data and model representations and interfaces across disciplines. The aircraft design schema is a central data model that specifies the paradigm for the representation of a full lifecycle model of aircraft design. The construction of the schema currently lacks theoretical guidance. This paper designs a novel methodology to construct the aircraft design schema, a fully functional, logical, and self-consistent methodology. The methodology defines a schema matrix that includes implementation strategies, principles, processes, meta-object facility, views, scenarios, and products. The aircraft conceptual design schema is constructed according to the methodology, which is a hands-on approach to help understand the concept and implementation. The features of the methodology are analyzed, and the methodology and the aircraft conceptual design schema are presented to address the pain points of multiple solution trade-offs, multiple iterations, and multidisciplinary coupling in aircraft conceptual collaboration design.     

单级压气机气动优化设计

针对单排叶片气动优化设计难以保证级性能的问题,对一单级跨声速压气机进行了动静叶匹配的同时优化设计。以动叶中的掠、倾,静叶中的弯为设计自由度,对NASA Stage35进行了以气动设计点与峰值效率点为优化点的多工况气动优化设计,得到了动叶前掠、静叶向压力面侧弯曲的优化压气机级,其全工况性能均有不同程度的改善。     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

通用大气飞行器的参数化气动布局研究

提出了一种新的升力体类通用大气飞行器布局方案.应用基于二次曲线的模线设计方法,通过二次曲线的控制点和形状参数实现参数化外形建模,构造适用于通用大气飞行器的升力体布局方案,提高飞行器气动布局方案的设计效率,为进一步的气动特性计算和布局方案设计优化奠定基础.采用修正的内伏牛顿流理论,对通用大气飞行器进行高超声速气动特性计算,并进行了质心设计,获得的高超声速稳定配平升阻比达到3.5以上.进行了控制舵面设计和控制效率的计算分析.     

大型水陆两栖飞机特殊任务模式对总体设计的挑战

面向森林灭火和水上救援任务设计的大型水陆两栖飞机,由于其特殊的任务模式,给设计工作带来了许多全新的挑战。首先,分析了国内森林灭火和水上救援的需求,并介绍了对应的任务模式。然后,总结了在型号研制过程中不同于常规飞机的特殊设计和相应的解决方法,具体包括：以国内供应商为主体的构型管理体系的建立、气水动一体化设计、全新的起落架布局设计、任务系统集成和效能评估、驾驶舱集成设计、设备布置和腐蚀防护设计。最后,提出了在适航审定和集成应用方面仍需重点关注的4个研究方向。