粉末耐热钛合金组织性能及成形技术

采用热等静压技术及旋转电极粉,采用预合金粉粉末冶金工艺开展了粉末耐热钛合金TC11(Ti-6.5AJ-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si)制备技术研究,研制出了全致密粉末TC11合金,通过热处理工艺研究优化粉末TC11材料的组织和性能.利用光学显微镜,对其组织进行了分析,用SEM观察了旋转电极粉末形貌,对室温及高温(550℃)拉伸性能及弹性模量等进行了测试分析.粉末TC11合金的组织和性能与同批次TC11锻棒材料进行了对比研究.利用特殊模具成形,开展了粉末TC11构件近净成形技术的研究,实现了整体大尺寸、带网格加强筋的薄壁粉末TC11合金航天飞行器舱体件近净成形,且未检测出内部缺陷.研究结果表明,粉末TC11合金具有与锻造材料相当的拉伸性能,而弹性模量更优,其金相组织均匀细致,形成了网篮组织,并有围绕其分布的等轴α.粉末TC11合金及合适的近净成形技术可在高性价比、高可靠性的轻质耐热航天飞行器构件制备中得到应用.     

置氢对TC21合金粉末物理性能和压制性能的影响

采用扫描电镜观察、粉末镶嵌试样、XRD和模压成形等方法,研究了置氢(H,wt%)对TC21合金粉末颗粒形貌、表面状态、显微组织、相组成、显微硬度和压制性能等的影响.结果表明:置氢TC21粉末颗粒形貌为不规则状,粉末主要由亮相α相及暗相β相组成,颗粒显微组织呈片状、α/β集束状和网篮状.随置氢量的增加,置氢TC21粉末显微硬度呈降低趋势;α相逐渐减少,β相逐渐增多,并且有少量的α"相生成;粉末的压缩性能呈先变差后变好的不明显变化趋势,成形性能先变差又逐渐变好,置氢量0.10 wt%,0.39 wt%TC21粉末压制性能较好,置氢量0.22 wt%的TC21粉末的压制性能最差.     

TC11合金热变形特性及变形参数对组织的影响

通过热模拟压缩试验,分析了TC11合金的高温变形特性及不同变形参数下的组织演化规律,用非线性回归方法建立了TC11合金Kumar型材料的本构关系,得出了TC11合金的高温流变曲线基本呈流变软化特征的结论;最后应用MSC,Autoforge软件对TC11合金某型号涡轮盘的等温锻造工艺进行了模拟式工艺设计,验证了TC11合金材料本构关系的工程适用性.     

激光冲击对TC11钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

对TC11钛合金进行激光冲击强化处理,通过透射电子显微镜观察不同参数下TC11钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和X射线应力测试仪分别测试材料表层硬度和残余应力,并通过TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片高周振动疲劳试验验证激光冲击对其疲劳性能的影响.试验结果表明:激光冲击波作用后表面组织结构发生明显变化,当冲击次数增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞和纳米级晶粒等微观组织特征.冲击10次后,表面残余应力最高达到-632.5MPa,相应的塑性变形层深度达到1500μm左右;同时表面硬度在冲击1次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度为700μm,随着次数增加而提高,但幅度不大.经3次冲击处理的TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限由原始483MPa提高到593MPa.      

异钛合金蜂窝结构钎焊工艺研究

针对钛合金薄壁结构的钎焊制造技术,通过研究在钎料作用和不同钎焊温度下基体材料的微观组织、相变点、刚度和屈服强度的变化发现,钎料元素扩散导致TC1材料相变点降低,在875℃发生α+β→β相转变,而TC4钛合金直至905℃尚未发生α+β→β相转变.在875℃下,随着保温时间延长,TC4材料的晶粒尺寸有所长大,导致刚度和屈服强度明显下降.当钎焊温度为875℃,保温时间不大于60min时,TC4钛合金板材的刚度和屈服强度不低于原始材料的86％.确定出TC4/TC1钛合金异质钎焊工艺范围为865～875℃、保温30～60min.研究结果为钛合金蜂窝结构的钎焊制造技术提供理论依据和参考.     

激光增材制造TC4/TC11钛合金梯度结构温度场预测与显微组织分析

使用激光增材制造技术制备TC4/TC11钛合金梯度材料典型沉积试样,测量沉积过程中3个特征位置的温度历程,并对沉积试样进行显微组织观察。建立了激光增材制造TC4/TC11梯度材料结构温度场预测有限元模型。有限元模型的温度场计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,同时有限元模型所计算的Tβ温度转变线位置与试样显微组织中观察得到的结果一致。显微组织观察结果表明,试样中无缺陷,顶部为等轴晶区域,从增材底部到等轴晶区域之间存在贯穿整个增材区域的柱状晶;在Tβ温度转变线两侧微观组织有明显不同:最后一层增材过程中,温度超过Tβ的组织冷却后为超细α+β网篮组织,温度未达到Tβ的组织冷却后为带有大量α集束的α+β网篮组织;在设计界面(材料组分变化位置)处组织连续、无突变。     

激光选区熔化用AlSi10Mg粉末显微组织与性能

采用超音速气体雾化制备Al Si10Mg粉末,粉末经分级后通过激光选区熔化制成试块。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究粉末和试块的微观组织、组成相及演变情况,通过拉伸实验测试试块的室温拉伸性能。结果表明,Al Si10Mg粉末粒径分布符合激光选区熔化工艺要求,粉末呈球形或类球形。粉末组织细小均匀,主要由α(Al)基体和(α+Si)共晶组成。试块熔池形貌清晰可见,组织均匀、致密,其致密度达到99.5%;该组织中仅存在α(Al)和极少量Si相,几乎所有合金元素均固溶于Al基体中。经室温拉伸性能测试,试块的抗拉强度达到了442 MPa。     

置氢钛合金粉末模压成形-烧结改性机理

采用置氢TC4钛合金粉末模压成形+保护气氛下烧结工艺,研究了置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形-烧结后合金的组织性能的变化规律,提出了采用置氢钛合金粉末成形与钛合金热氢处理技术相结合的新工艺路线制备合金.结果表明:随着置氢量的增加和烧结温度的升高,置氢TC4合金粉末模压成形烧结体致密度均呈逐渐增高趋势;烧结体组织由明显的魏氏体...     

工艺制度对粉末TA15钛合金组织性能的影响

文摘研究不同保温时间和制粉方法对热等静压TA15钛合金的微观组织、拉伸性能和拉伸断口形貌的影响。结果表明:粉末TA15钛合金组织由等轴α-Ti、层状α-Ti和少量β-Ti组成。热等静压保温时间为20min时粉末TA15钛合金已达到致密,随着保温时间延长到120 min组织逐渐均匀长大。采用等离子旋转电极法的粉末TA15钛合金的拉伸性能优于惰性气体雾化粉末TA15钛合金。拉伸断裂模式为韧性断裂,断口微观形貌为韧窝。     

TC4合金等温成形过程模拟与组织预测

在试验研究的基础上，建立了能够反映锻造热力参数对材料成形性能影响的新型本构方程，并采用变形与传热耦合分析的刚塑性有限元数值模拟方法，全面系统地研究了TC4合金的等温成形过程，基于建立的该合金动态再结晶组织的演化模型，定量地预测了等温成形过程中TC4合金微观组织的演变情况，并分析讨论了工艺参数合金微观组织演变过程的影响，从而为TC4合金热成形工艺参数的优化设计和控制提供了基础。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.