无人机光电侦察、监视技术研究

无人机是获取战场情报、进行侦察和监视活动的良好平台,将成为未来战争中的重要武器,而其侦察和监视能力的提升更依赖于无人机光电系统技术的发展.介绍了无人机的光电设备及光电系统的侦察、监视技术,并对无人机光电系统技术的发展趋势加以展望.     

光电微系统技术发展综述

光电微系统具有探测精度高、处理速度快、传输通量大等优势,在信息传输、目标探测和光子处理等方面具有广泛应用。本文综合国内外光电微系统产品和技术现状,重点从信息传输、目标探测和光子处理三个方面展开叙述,讨论了激光器、调制器、波导等光电器件,并对三维集成技术和光电微系统平台进行简介。简述了国内外有关光电微系统的发展计划,提出了国内发展独立的微系统平台和相关技术的迫切性和必要性。     

光电倍增管寿命试验研究与系统设计

光电倍增管(PMT)是空间光学探测应用的重要探测器件之一,由于制造工艺的限制,光电倍增管具有很强的个体差异性。设计了一套应用于星载激光大气探测雷达的光电倍增管寿命评估自动测试系统,并建立科学的测试方法与流程,通过对光电倍增管光电响应与暗电流等关键参数的试验、监测与分析,研究评估了其寿命特性。     

W频段测频系统的研制

介绍了一种W频段测频系统的研制方案，该方案具有较高的测频精度、测频灵敏度和较大的动态范围等优点，此方案的研究不仅为我国W频段雷达侦察系统提供技术储备，而互也为我国毫米波对技设备提供有力的技术支持，并可推广应用于毫米波雷达、制度等领域。     

2CU型光电二极管特性测试及应用系统

2CU型光电二极管在光电开关、计数、角度测量等许多领域得到了广泛的应用,本文基于2CU型光电二极管设计了一种其特性参数测量系统,并在此基础上研制了一种光电二极管开关计数电路。实验表明,本系统无论是在光电二极管的特性测量上,还是在具体的计数应用中,都收到了较好的效果,为具体开发实际系统打下基础。     

天基红外系统及空间光电对抗装备进展

随着信息技术的进展,战争已从陆、海、空扩展到外层空间,信息和反导已成为世界军事领域的两大课题。介绍了美国天基红外系统(SBIRS)的作用、组成、最新进展及技术特点,分析了空间光电对抗技术的原理及空间光电对抗装备发展现状。对预警卫星系统和空间光电对抗设备建设具有借鉴作用。     

基于航空光电侦察平台的目标测速

航空光电侦察平台具有稳定跟踪功能,能够隔离载机姿态运动和其他干扰力矩所造成的摄像机光轴在惯性空间内的抖动,以保证获取清晰的图像。光电侦察平台能够输出摄像机的方位角、高低角,并能通过激光测距机测量目标和载机的距离,这给目标测速的实现提供了可能。基于航空光电侦察平台,结合载机自身的导航数据,提出一种新的目标测速算法。介绍测速系统结构和坐标系定义,推导动目标测速算法,并建立测速误差模型。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效测量目标速度,具有较强的实用性。     

国外光电对抗技术发展综述

介绍了近期国外光电对抗技术的发展,包括导弹光电告警器、光电干扰技术和装备、光电对抗仿真试验系统等方面。     

光学遥感器光电信号处理系统的空间辐射效应研究

文章针对光学遥感器光电信号处理系统,描述了空间辐射效应研究的方法和途径。首先介绍了光学遥感器常用运行轨道的空间辐射环境,然后选择光学遥感器的光电信号处理系统作为分析模型,介绍了光电信号处理系统的电路组成和主要元器件,从器件级、电路级到系统级对空间辐射效应的危害性进行分析,并且结合元器件的抗辐射性能现状,归纳了辐射效应的薄弱环节及主要元器件需要进行的辐照试验。最后对空间辐射效应研究的方法和步骤进行了总结。     

一种星载V频段接收机的设计

随着高通量通信卫星系统发展,为了获得更多的频率资源,系统工作频段开始向频率资源丰富的Q/V频段过渡.为了满足通信卫星系统对微波接收机向V频段的发展应用需求.文章给出了一种星载V频段接收机的设计和工程实现方法.设计基于多芯片组件技术,通过对毫米波频段电路的精确仿真,将多种功能芯片封装在同一射频管壳中,实现了设备的高集成度;通过对毫米波频段星载接收机的稳定性设计、宽带互联设计等整机集成设计技术的研究,实现了设备的高稳定性;首次使用基于MHEMT低噪声工艺的微波单片集成电路芯片(MMIC)使得设备具备低噪声特性.研制的V频段接收机的工作带宽达到2.5 GHz,是现有通信卫星载荷中带宽最宽的接收机,噪声系数小于3.5 dB,满足系统使用要求.该V频段接收机是Q/V馈电载荷的关键设备,实现了对未来高通量通信卫星重要的技术储备,可广泛应用于各类通信卫星系统.     

基于传感器几何特性和图像特征的影像配准方法

“天绘一号”卫星是我国第一代传输型立体测绘卫星,搭载有三线阵CCD相机、多光谱相机和2m分辨率全色相机。多光谱相机波段间影像的配准是保证多光谱影像质量和有效应用的前提,在现有配准方法的基础上,文章提出了基于传感器几何特性和图像特征的配准方法来改善影像配准效果。这种方法首先基于相机几何特性对待配准图像进行调整,然后对图像进行局部多点取图,采用尺度不变特征变换（Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）法提取图像特征并进行初步匹配,利用匹配点领域灰度相关性来进行精匹配和误匹配点的剔除,最后获得图像位移差,进而完成图像配准。实验结果表明,这种方法能够提高多光谱波段间影像的配准成功率,准确率达到95％以上,大幅改善了匹配精度。     

新一代多光谱扫描仪方案设计

新一代多光谱扫描仪方案设计是以某单位拟议的技术要求为依据开展的。文章简要介绍了方案设计中的设计思想、系统基本原理和关键技术原理等。该遥感器已于1999年10月完成原理样机研制,获得了满意的结果。     

星载大视场多光谱高分辨率CCD相机光学系统的设计

文章阐述了星载大视场多光谱高分辨率CCD相机光学系统的设计过程 ,并给出了设计结果。该系统采用像方远心光路与多光谱棱镜分光型式 ,4个谱段在整个视场的调制传递函数在Nyquist频率 77lp/mm处均接近衍射极限 ,满足了色漂移、多光谱光学配准、偏振、光学热补偿等工程要求。     

浅论建筑能耗构成之建筑含能

首先由建筑含能的概念出发,从建筑构件的角度分析了建筑含能的构成、计算方法以及影响因素,简要探讨了减少建筑台能的可能途径;其次分别以一座钢筋混凝土建筑与一座木结构建筑为例,基于LCA（生命周期评价）的计算结果分析了它们的含能,并将其与各自运行能耗进行了比较。通过分析认为控制建筑含能是建筑节能设计的有效途径之一。     

Supporting multilateral environmental agreement with satellite Earth observation

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the potential contribution of satellite Earth observation (EO) to implementing and ensuring compliance with Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) from the institutional and legal point of view. EO has recently been recognized as an effective means to satisfy the demand for environmental information required by MEAs; however, actual usage of EO data in MEA implementation and compliance assurance has not yet made significant progress. While EO's legal and technical characteristics appear relevant to such applications, institutional linkage and technical reliability are still missing. Further efforts to promote EO data use for MEAs are needed through initiatives that link the EO system and data supplier with decision makers in the MEA community. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Kyoto and Carbon Initiative may be one example of such efforts. Recent movements, such as the Group on Earth Observation (GEO), could also provide an ideal focal point for coordinating and developing globally integrated EO and data utilization systems that could facilitate MEA implementation and compliance.     

固体火箭羽焰的辐射特性及其温度测量技术述评

叙述了固体火箭羽焰的辐射特性,简要地介绍了热电偶法、等离子体法、光纤测温法、谱线反转法、发射吸收法、喇曼光谱法、微波衰减法、红外测温法和多光谱测温法的原理和应用。评述了这些火焰测温方法在羽焰测温上的适应性,并指出多光谱测温技术是羽焰测温的发展趋势之一。     

国外对地观测卫星技术发展

充分调研了世界各主要航天国家的对地观测卫星技术,结合其发展过程与现状,重点从观测需求、卫星性能、卫星系统模式以及研制模式等方面加以分析,总结其技术发展特点,为我国对地观测卫星技术的战略发展提供参考。     

多目标多光谱高温仪的研制

根据固体火箭发动机羽焰特征研制了多目标多光谱高温仪。文中介绍了多光谱测温技术及测温仪系统构成。该系统可同时测量羽焰6个目标点的温度,每个目标点均有8个工作波长,可实现对发动机试验时羽焰流场轴向和环向多目标的温度动态测量。     

Increasing the use of Earth observations in developing countries

Earth observation (EO) data have numerous applications that would improve the still dire conditions of life in parts of the developing world. The under-utilization of such information is a result of three perceived inadequacies–inadequate local capacity, inadequate awareness of potential users and inadequate financing. Arguing that none of these problems is as significant as made out, this viewpoint highlights some of the viable EO applications that could be (and at last in some cases are being) used in developing countries and urges the EO community to be more proactive in disseminating information and in matching projects with areas of need.     

India's EO infrastructure for disaster reduction: Lessons and perspectives

India has established a ‘critical mass’ in terms of EO infrastructure for disaster management. Starting from IRS 1A in 1980s to the most recent CARTOSAT-2, India's EO series of satellites are moving away from the generic to thematic constellations. The series of RESOURCESAT, CARTOSAT, OCEANSAT and forthcoming Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT) satellites exemplifies the thematic characters of the EO missions. These thematic constellations, characterized with multi-platform, multi-resolution and multi-parameter EO missions, are important assets for disaster reduction. In the more specific term, these constellations in conjunction with contemporary EO missions address the critical observational gaps in terms of capturing the catastrophic events, phenomena or their attributes on real/near real time basis with appropriate spatial and temporal attributes.Using conjunctively the data primarily emanating these thematic constellations and all weather radar data from aerial platform and also from RADARSAT as gap-fillers has been a part of India's EO strategy for disaster management. The infrastructure has been addressing the observational needs in disaster management. The high resolution imaging better than one-meter spatial resolution and also Digital Elevation Models (DEM) emanating from Cartosat series are providing valuable inputs to characterize geo-physical terrain vulnerability. Radar Imaging Satellite, with all weather capability missions, is being configured for disaster management. At present, the current Indian EO satellites cover the whole world every 40 h (with different resolutions and swaths), and the efforts are towards making it better than 24 h. The efforts are on to configure RESOURCESAT 3 with wider swath of 740 km with 23 m spatial resolution and also to have AWiFS type of capability at geo-platform to improve the observational frequencies for disaster monitoring.India's EO infrastructure has responded comprehensively to all the natural disasters the country has faced in the recent times. As a member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, India has also been instrumental in promoting the related UN initiatives viz., RESAP of UN ESCAP, SPIDER of UN OOSA, Sentinel Asia of JAXA initiative and also of GEOSS initiative. The paper intends to illustrate India's EO strategy for disaster reduction.