涡轮机械叶片的流固耦合数值计算方法

发展了一种流固弱耦合数值方法来判断涡轮机械叶片气弹稳定性.通过一种数据交换方法将计算结构动力学(CSD)的节点振动位移施加到计算流体力学(CFD)的叶片表面网格点上,CFD分析采用多层动网格技术实时更新可动域的网格点坐标,并通过有限体积法求解了用k-ε湍流模型封闭的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程.以NASA 67转子叶片为例,在设计状态下,对比了叶片前4阶模态下一个振动周期内的气动功及模态气动阻尼比,初步分析了叶片的气弹稳定性.计算结果表明:所发展的流固弱耦合数值方法用于判断涡轮机械叶片气弹稳定性是可行的.      

复合喷管热结构耦合计算的一种新的策略

基于流固耦合完成复合喷管流动换热、传热过程温度场的数值模拟,编写了计算流体力学(CFD)与有限单元法(FEM)的接口程序,快速实现温度载荷和机械载荷数据的传递,提出了复合喷管热结构耦合计算一种新的策略。利用直接约束法考虑了复合喷管部件界面间高温碳化带来的结构边界非线性因素。计算结果表明耦合方法得到的复合喷管温度场是合理的,高温下界面间结构功能退化问题对于变形特征以及应力场影响很显著。     

复合喷管热结构耦合计算的一种策略

基于流固耦合完成复合喷管流动换热、传热过程温度场的数值模拟,编写了计算流体动力学(CFD)与有限单元法(FEM)的接口程序,快速实现温度载荷和机械载荷数据的传递,提出了复合喷管热结构耦合计算一种策略.利用直接约束法考虑了复合喷管部件界面问高温碳化带来的边界非线性因素.计算结果表明耦合方法得到的复合喷管温度场是合理的,高...     

涡轮叶片流固耦合协作优化方法

针对结构和流场相互影响的流固耦合多学科设计问题,提出一种耦合量曲面拟合的协作优化方法。其特点是用曲面函数拟合结构-流场界面耦合量(温度、气压和变形)的空间分布,并用曲面拟合参数的一致性代替原有耦合量界面分布的学科一致性。涡轮叶片的算例表明:曲面拟合函数可以表征结构和流场界面的耦合量;用拟合参数的一致性代替界面直接耦合是可行的;该协作优化方法是可以用来解决流固耦合多学科优化设计问题的。     

考虑流固耦合效应的航空发动机风扇叶片应力数值模拟与试验测量研究

航空发动机风扇转子在高压比、高转速、高负荷的级环境中工作时,存在叶片固体域与流体域之间强烈的耦合作用。针对风扇工作中的流固耦合问题,采用基于流固耦合的数值模拟方法对风扇叶片的结构特性进行模拟,研究考虑流固耦合效应前后叶片结构特性的变化。通过风扇转子加减速试验测量叶片表面测点应力变化,并将数值模拟与试验测量结果进行了对比分析。分析结果表明：考虑流固耦合效应后叶片表面的受力情况变化较大,导致叶片表面的应力与变形分布产生较大的变化;仅考虑离心力作用的计算方法得到的应力值与试验测量值误差最大达到50%,而考虑流固耦合效应的计算值误差在10%左右;考虑叶片流固耦合效应得到的应力分布更满足实际工程应力与强度分析要求。     

一种高效的CFD/CSD耦合飞行器多学科优化设计方法

建立了一种基于CFD/CSD (computational fluid dynamics/computational structure dynamics)耦合的多学科优化设计方法.该方法采用结构有限元方程进行结构特性分析,同时采用数值求解N-S方程方法获得气动载荷,保证了设计结果的可信性,并采用基于代理模型的优化设计方法解决了采用高精度模型后计算量太大的问题.采用RBF(径向基函数)插值方法进行流固耦合界面数据插值,保证了传递过程中的能量守恒.利用建立的优化设计方法对一典型的翼身组合体进行了气动和结构优化设计,算例表明在满足约束条件的前提下优化后阻力和质量分别减小了5.0%和4.2%,证明了该方法的有效性.      

Ahmed 模型的流固耦合数值计算方法探索与实验验证

流固耦合效应会影响汽车行驶安全性,对该效应的数值模拟方法的可信度需要验证。以 Ahmed 模型作为数值仿真和实验验证的对象,数值计算是流体计算与结构计算两部分耦合,配合风洞实验的位移、压力测量技术与流场显示技术（烟流法、丝线法）与之比较,数值模拟与实验所得位移结果之间的差异始终在20％以内。从流场结构角度分析得到流固耦合效应影响气动力的机理主要在于流场中涡的拓扑结构变化。为将来数值研究时变侧风下车辆的流固耦合问题提供实验及理论依据。     

多场耦合计算平台与高超声速热防护结构传热问题研究

从有限元法(FEM)和有限体积法(FVM)的单元特性出发,提出一种具有局部守恒特性的界面载荷插值方法.采用共享内存技术开发适用于通用有限元和计算流体力学(CFD)软件的多场耦合计算平台,并基于分区耦合方式实现流固耦合传热计算.作为验证,分别将ANSYS与Fluent和CFD-FASTRAN软件进行耦合,计算外壁冷却的喷...     

基于CFD/CSD技术的压气机叶片流固耦合及颤振分析

针对叶片故障的原因颤振问题,基于计算流体动力学/计算结构力学(CFD/CSD)耦合算法,研究了压气机典型叶片的流固耦合(FSI)问题及颤振特性.使用有限体积法求解非定常三维Navier-Stokes方程和有限元法求解三维结构体模型,在两个求解器间由载荷转换、网格变形传递和同步化方法完成数据交换及求解.以高性能风扇NAS...     

非正交界面下的插值耦合传热方法

针对复杂热防护结构,开发了一种求解非正交性流/固界面的耦合传热程序。流体和固体区域采用同一积分、守恒型的RANS(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stock)方程,通过有限体积法进行离散求解。为了保证非正交界面上的温度和热流密度连续,提出了一种结合网格周边信息计算界面热流密度的插值方法。利用该插值耦合方法模拟了双层复合平板和喷管的热传导。数值结果表明:该插值方法在空间上具有2阶精度;喷管壁面上的对流换热系数沿轴向先增大后减小,在喉部上游达到最大值,当喷管入口压力增加3.38倍时,对流换热系数的最大值相应增加了3.13倍;喉衬与壳体界面上温度的计算值和试验结果存在一定差异,这是由于本文数值计算未考虑接触热阻引起的。     

某型飞机发动机短舱热气防冰系统性能数值模拟

使用三维内外强固传热耦合方法计算校核发动机短舱热气防冰系统的性能,并分析发动机进气流量对蒙皮表面温度的影响.内、外部表面传热系数计算均采用纯三维的CFD方法,在内、外部网格数据交互时使用了距离加权反比插值法.通过计算获得发动机短舱的局部水收集系数、蒙皮表面温度的分布情况、各处溢流水量,并由此判定此防冰系统性能是否达到要求.分析表明此发动机短舱热气防冰系统符合防冰性能要求;当发动机进气流量增大时,蒙皮表面温度下降,且溢流水量增加.     

飞行器水载荷结构完整性数值模拟现状与展望-Part I:水上迫降和水上漂浮

现代飞行器面临水上迫降、水上漂浮、贮箱晃动和投汲水等复杂水载荷的结构完整性和乘员安全性分析问题日趋重要,随着科学技术的发展,数值模拟已经成为飞行器设计、分析和适航取证的重要手段。以固定翼飞机、水陆两栖飞机、直升机、火箭和卫星等现代航空航天飞行器为对象,围绕适用于飞行器水载荷分析的数值模拟方法进行综述,根据外流（水上迫降和水上漂浮）和内流（贮箱晃动和投汲水）的不同将综述内容分为Part I和Part II两部分。Part I的主要工作为：首先,归纳水上迫降和水上漂浮的事故和试验,总结水气两相流和流固耦合算法的发展现状和优缺点;随后,结合工程实际,介绍飞行器水上迫降和水上漂浮的范畴、水载荷分析要点、适用的数值模拟方法和软件的国内外发展情况,其中,水上迫降的总结包括飞行参数、波浪水面和弹性体对迫降性能的影响研究,水上漂浮的总结涵盖了飞行器构型参数、破舱和波浪对漂浮性能的影响研究;最后,指出复杂风浪情况下水上迫降和漂浮的水气固三相耦合工程应用难点和解决途径,并探讨飞行器水载荷数值分析的技术挑战和未来的发展方向。     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Prediction of cutting forces in flank milling of parts with non-developable ruled surfaces

Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.     

螺旋桨性能计算的升力线与升力面方法

基于改进升力线方法，编制了螺桨升力线方法计算程序，并以此为基础，在桨尖外一层虚网格和虚控制点，得升力线理论中导出的附着涡和自由涡的积分公式，发展了一种螺旋动性能计算的升力面方法，该方法具有简洁、方便，实用等特点，用本文发展的升力线和升力面方法对多个螺旋桨算例进行了计算，计算结果与实验结果符合良好。     

Study of parachute inflation process using fluid–structure interaction method

A direct numerical modeling method for parachute is proposed firstly, and a model for the star-shaped folded parachute with detailed structures is established. The simplified arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian fluid–structure interaction(SALE/FSI) method is used to simulate the inflation process of a folded parachute, and the flow field calculation is mainly based on operator splitting technique. By using this method, the dynamic variations of related parameters such as flow field and structure are obtained, and the load jump appearing at the end of initial inflation stage is captured. Numerical results including opening load, drag characteristics, swinging angle, etc. are well consistent with wind tunnel tests. In addition, this coupled method can get more space–time detailed information such as geometry shape, structure, motion, and flow field. Compared with previous inflation time method, this method is a completely theoretical analysis approach without relying on empirical coefficients, which can provide a reference for material selection, performance optimization during parachute design.     

压气机叶片流固耦合数值计算

采用流固耦合方法对压气机单排跨声叶片进行气动弹性数值模拟.首先对压气机流场进行三维定常求解,并与试验结果进行比对.在定常流场分析的基础上,进行流固耦合计算,采用非定常方法分别求解流体域Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程和固体域结构动力学方程.耦合过程中,流体域和固体域在物理边界上进行能量传递.计算结果表明:所采用的流固耦合数值方法用于判断叶轮机械叶片气弹稳定性是可行的,可以得到叶片的瞬态响应,从而判断叶片是否发生颤振.      

An adaptive integration surface for predicting transonic rotor noise in hovering and forward flights

In this paper, a new permeable adaptive integration surface is developed in order to evaluate transonic rotor noise in accordance with FW-H_pds equations(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface). Firstly, a nonlinear near-field solution is computed on the basis of Navier-Stokes equations, which is developed on moving-embedded grid methodology.The solution calculated through the present CFD method is used as the input for acoustic calculations by FW-H_pds equations. Then, two criteria for constructing integration surfaces are established based on the analysis of the quadrupole source strength and the nonlinear characteristic.A new surface is determined adaptively by the pressure gradient or density in a given flowfield,eschewing the uncertainties associated with determining cylinder-shaped integration surfaces. For varying hover cases, transonic noises are simulated with new integration surfaces for a UH-1 model rotor. Furthermore, numerical results of the new integration surface derived from the density perturbation value conform better to experimental data than results derived from the pressure gradient.Finally, the integration surface given by jrqj being 0.1, which is an applicable criterion obtained from hover cases, is used to predict transonic rotor noise in forward flight. The computational accuracy of the new integration surface method has been validated in predicting transonic rotor noise of an AH-1 model rotor at different advance ratios.