涡扇发动机铝合金碗形件的粘性介质压力成形

涡扇发动机铝合金碗形件由于局部塑性变形较大，采用已有的成形方法得到的零件壁厚局部减薄严重或尺寸精度不满足要求。粘性介质压力成形(VPF)技术采用一种粘性介质作为传力介质，适合于成形该类零件。通过粘性介质压力胀形试验和数值模拟，分析了粘性介质的粘度对铝合金球面碗形件厚度分布及极限成形高度的影响，对涡扇发动机铝合金带凸台碗形VPF件进行了分析。研究结果表明，粘性介质与板材之间的粘性附着应力提高了碗形件厚度分布的均匀性和极限成形高度，随着粘性附着力增大，对带有局部变形较大凸台的碗形件，可以抑制局部壁厚的减薄。采用VPF技术，获得了尺寸和壁厚均合格的涡扇发动机带凸台铝合金碗形件。     

钛壳零件的温差拉深研究

由于钛的优越性能,使它成为心脏起搏器的良好材料。目前国际上生产的第三代和第四代心脏起搏器均为钛制的外壳。钛板的成形性较差。钛的深拉深一般都要在加热情况下进行。如图1所示的钛壳,尺寸小,但零件的深度大,因而拉深的变形程度大,象这样尺寸的零件,即使成形性最优良的材料也不能一次拉深即成,更何况是钛板。根据拉深理论分析,采用差温拉深法有可能用一次拉深即达到成形目的。其结果可达到缩短工艺流程,减少模具套数的目的。所谓差温拉深就是在拉深过程中在毛料的凸缘上加热,使主要变形区(即凸缘)的材料变形抵抗力显著地降低。另外,在易被拉裂的筒壁部位给以有效地冷却,借以强化筒壁的强度。试验结果,证明一     

6061铝合金超薄壁弯管制造工艺及组织性能研究

通过单向拉伸试验建立了材料的本构方程,对6061铝合金板材半片拉深成形过程进行了有限元模拟,研究了摩擦系数与压边力对拉深成形结果的影响规律模拟结果表明:拉深成形时,应采用较大的压边力和较小的摩擦系数,以避免外管的外弧处易出现明显的起皱缺陷;基于模拟结果,进行了6061铝合金Φ202mm×1mm弯管半片拉深成形;最后对半片焊接后的超薄壁弯管进行了耐压爆破试验及关键部位微观组织分析.     

双路径自然增压铝合金2A12O充液拉深

 基于铝合金等难成形板材的需要,提出了双路径自然增压充液拉深新技术。用有限元法对铝合金2A12O双路径自然增压充液拉深进行研究,探讨径向压力和液池压力单独变化时对壁厚分布的影响;得到合理的液池压力和径向压力加载路径以及合适匹配比;分析了该方法中液池压力和径向压力成比例变化时,壁厚分布的变化趋势。结果表明：采用15.0~20.0 MPa的液池压力,并将液池压力经增压活塞1.45倍增压后引到毛坯法兰边缘,可获得壁厚分布比较均匀、成形质量较高的零件,并能显著提高板料的极限拉深比;液池和径向压力的比例变化影响成形零件的壁厚分布,并且在不同的成形阶段其影响趋势不同。对模拟分析得到的压力加载路径和增压比进行实验,得到拉深比达2.65的铝合金2A12O杯形件,并建立其成形合理的压力区域。     

压边力对纯钛半球形件冷拉深成形的影响

纯钛板材冷拉深成形困难,起皱和断裂是成形过程的主要失效模式,合理控制成形过程中的压边力,可以消除这些缺陷,提高成形性能.基于连续介质力学及有限元理论,运用动力显式算法建立一钛合金薄壁半球形零件拉深成形的三维有限元模型,研究了不同压边力对拉深成形影响,结果表明:当单位压边力较小时(0.4 MPa)会导致拉深件在法兰区出现皱纹,当单位压边力大于0.8MPa时,会在凹模圆角外侧壁发生破裂现象.     

拉深件表面晶粒粗大问题的改进

我厂生产的JHA-1极化继电器外罩、MZJ-100接触器壳体等多项零件,均采用10~#钢板拉深成形。曾由于存在表面晶粒粗大和转角R处的局部缩颈现象,严重影响了产品的外观质量。经理论分析及多次工艺试验,找出了原因,制订了有效的改进措施。 1.原工艺分析 JHA-1外罩的原工艺过程:落料拉深→拉深(Ⅰ)→软化处理→拉深(Ⅱ)→软化处理→拉深(Ⅲ)→车端面…… 表面晶粒粗大均出现在拉深(Ⅱ)和拉深(Ⅲ)之后;晶粒粗大的位置均产生在上工序转角R处和本工序转角与侧壁之间。其它型外罩和壳体件的情况类似,而且JKM-54外罩的底面球形R处还出现了严重缩颈现象。 经对这些部位的材料变形量进行测试和计算(见图1):     

超高温NiAl合金锥形薄壳件制备成形一体化新工艺

针对NiAl合金板坯制备及板坯成形锥形薄壳件存在的材料流动及组织性能控制困难的问题,提出了一种制备成形一体化新工艺。该工艺是将塑性成形和反应合成在同一工步中,即先将Ni/Al叠层箔置于模具中进行塑性成形,随后对成形的Ni/Al叠层箔原位加热加压反应合成NiAl合金薄壳件。采用三维扫描仪及Geomagic Studio/Qualify对锥形薄壳件的形状精度进行了分析,采用扫描电子显微镜( Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM )和电子背散射衍射( Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD )技术对其微观组织进行了表征,并对构件的高温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,采用该新工艺制备的锥形薄壳件成形效果良好,整体型面偏差尺寸在±0.1 mm以内;构件沿轴截面壁厚平均偏差为0.012 mm,沿横截面壁厚平均偏差为0.072 mm,构件轴截面壁厚分布均匀性及组织成分均匀性高于横截面。构件高温力学性能稳定,1000 °C时平均屈服强度为77.8 MPa,平均抗拉强度为82.6 MPa。NiAl合金构件的微观晶粒形貌与Ni箔的初始热处理状态及Ni/Al箔的初始厚度有关,未退火的Ni箔将延缓粗晶区晶粒的长大,减小初始箔材厚度可实现晶粒的进一步细化。     

半匣形件拉深工艺探讨

一、半匣形件拉深的特点 一般拉深件的侧壁是封闭的,在成形时板料周围受压边力。本文介绍的半匣形制件(图1)的侧壁不是封闭的,成形时板料三周受到压边力。当压边力分布不匀时,就会出现起皱和破裂问题。所以半匣形制件的加工工艺必须保证压边力分布均匀。     

复杂薄壁件多道次充液复合成形及变形量确定

针对大拉深比、阶梯锥形的航空发动机隔热罩薄壁件,基于塑性力学方法分析了其充液拉深的变形规律,并在此基础上提出了多道次充液复合成形方法,设计了等裕量函数法以快速、合理地确定各道次变形量的分配。通过数值模拟和工艺试验,研究了关键变形量——预成形高度对成形结果的影响规律,探讨了成形过程中起皱、破裂的失效形式。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现复杂薄壁隔热罩构件的整体精确成形,选择适当的预成形高度可获得壁厚均匀、成形质量较好的零件。     

钛合金杯形件拉深成形非轴对称现象的分析

采用TC1Mδ1.5钛合金板料试样在常温下进行杯形件拉深成形工艺试验,在确定出该规格板料极限拉深比和极限破坏方式的同时,定量阐述了拉深卸载后出现的杯口凸耳、杯口非圆化及杯口壁厚分布不均等非轴对称畸变现象,并且从钛合金各向异性和回弹方面给出了出现非轴对称现象的原因分析。     

涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件整体成形工艺

涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件单位长度直径变化较大,传统的制造方法是采用分体成形、组合焊接工艺,所需工序多、质量控制环节多、使用可靠性差,采用粘性介质压力整体成形方法则可以较好地解决这一问题。通过有限元模拟和试验方法,分析了成形工步、粘性介质粘性附着应力对板材流动及壁厚变化的影响。研究结果表明,粘性介质压力成形可以控制变形区板材的流动,提高成形试件壁厚分布的均匀性,使直径比为1.38零件的壁厚减薄率控制在12%,适合于涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件的整体成形。     

冲压发动机超薄壁波纹形件的粘性介质压力成形

粘性介质压力成形是一种采用具有高粘度并且可流动的半固态介质作为软凸模的成形方法。采用试验和数值模拟方法，研究了高温合金超薄壁波纹形件成形过程坯料形状、应变分布、厚度分布的变化和界面摩擦对板料成形的影响，研究结果表明：成形件尺寸精度高、表面质量好、厚度均匀；与钢凸模成形相比较，可以避免局部较小半径曲面之间的严重颈缩；对于具有局部较小半径曲面的复杂形状薄壁件，粘性介质压力成形显示出其优越性。     

钛合金钣金件脉冲电流辅助热压成形精度控制

针对钛合金钣金件冷加工成形精度低、热成形机成形成本高的问题,提出一种采用脉冲电流辅助热压成形工艺。以TC1钛合金U型件为对象,研究了脉冲电流辅助热压成形工艺对钛合金钣金件的缺陷、尺寸精度及力学性能的影响。结果表明,脉冲电流加热可提高成形效率,当脉冲电流密度为9.2A/mm^2,合模速度为15mm/s时,补偿了成形过程的热量损失,使钛合金钣金件保持在良好的成形温度区间,增加其成形极限,得到零件表面质量良好、无裂纹。在成形过程中,随着成形压力、保压时间、模具预热温度的升高,零件的尺寸精度逐渐提高,当成形压力10t、保压时间10s、模具不预热时,零件的尺寸精度即可达到±0.2mm。脉冲电流辅助热压成形后零件的晶粒尺寸比热成形机成形的细小,且力学性能也较好。     

Design of an innovative multi-stage forming process for a complex aeronautical thin-walled part with very small radii

In this paper, an aeronautical thin-walled part with a complex geometry which has several sharp bends and curvatures in different directions was investigated. This kind of part is difficult to be manufactured only in one stage. Therefore, an innovative multi-stage active hydroforming process assisted by the rigid forming method was designed. In addition, an optimized blank geometry is obtained. In fact, the main focused point of this paper is to propose a new small radius rounded corner forming technique and analyze the mechanism. Two kinds of forming modes of changing a big rounded corner into a small one, which are related to different tangential positions of the die in the process of calibration, are analyzed theoretically. Meanwhile, the stress and strain states of the deformation region are compared. The relationships between the minimum relative radii of rounded corners I and II in the first stage and the hydraulic pressure are calculated by the bending theory. Finally, the influences of the tensile-bulging effect and the interface condition of the double-layer sheet on the forming quality of the specimen are investigated. The achieved results can make a foundation for utilizing the proposed method in forming of thin-walled parts with very small radii.     

飞机橡皮囊成形零件毛坯精确预示方法研究

 橡皮囊成形是飞机钣金零件成形的主要方法之一,其初始毛坯形状的预示是橡皮囊成形中的一个难点问题。针对橡皮囊成形的工艺特点,提出了一种基于一步逆成形有限元法的飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件毛坯快速精确预示方法。首先将设计好的飞机钣金零件作为最终构形,然后采用一步逆成形有限元法进行初始毛坯的快速反向模拟,最后将通过该方法获得的毛坯外形应用到实际飞机钣金橡皮囊成形中,实验结果表明该方法可以快速精确地预示出飞机橡皮囊成形钣金零件的初始毛坯形状。     

A toolpath strategy for improving geometric accuracy in double-sided incremental sheet forming

The double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) improved the process flexibility compared to other incremental sheet forming (ISF) processes. Despite the flexible nature, it faces the challenge of low geometric precision like ISF variants. In this work, two strategies are used to overcome this. First, a novel method is employed to determine the optimal support tool location for improving geometric precision. In this method, the toolpath oriented the tools to each other systematically in the circumferential direction. Besides, it squeezed the sheet by the same amount at the point of interest. The impacts of various support tool positions in the circumferential direction are evaluated for geometric precision. The results demonstrate that the support tool should support the master tool within 10° to its local normal in the circumferential direction to improve the geometric accuracy. Second, a two-stage process reduced the geometric error of the part by incrementally accommodating the springback error by artificially increasing the step size for the second stage. With the optimal support tool position and two-stage DSIF, the geometric precision of the part has improved significantly. The proposed method is compared to the best DSIF toolpath strategies for geometric accuracy, surface roughness, forming time, and sheet thickness fluctuations using grey relational analysis (GRA). It outperforms the other toolpath strategies including single-stage DSIF, accumulative double-sided incremental forming (ADSIF), and two-stage mixed double sided incremental forming (MDSIF). Our approach can improve geometric precision in complex parts by successfully employing the support tool and managing the springback incrementally.     

新淬火状态硬铝合金板的成形性能及数值模拟

研究了铝合金退火状态和新淬火状态下的成形性能,给出了主要成形性能指标与自然时效及预变形的关系,表明在新淬火状态一定时间内,铝合金仍然具有良好的成形性能,淬火前的变形和淬火后的时效过程将降低成形性能;通过退火状态和新淬火状态材料成形的数值模拟对比,表明新淬火状态材料成形具有以下特点:新淬火状态材料成形需要更大的力能参数,残余应力和回弹较大,成形后变薄较小,厚度分布较均匀,随着时效时间增加和淬火前变形的增加,成形力、厚度变薄和回弹增大.     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.