专利强制实施许可制度的法律问题研究

专利的强制实施许可制度在我国经济建设中发挥着越来越大的作用．为了更好地利用这一制度．进一步完善这一制度．从分析该项制度的立法渊源入手．阐述了法律在保护权利的同时．更重要的是要维护社会的整体利益．进而分析了该项制度产生和发展的进程和我国《专利法》20年来在这项制度上作出的不断完善．以及专利强制实施许可制度的重大意义。通过以上几个方面对该项制度的分析．进一步明确该制度的发展趋势和今后完善的方向．     

Modeling and analysis of solar Doppler difference bias with arbitrary rotation axis

The solar rotation causes the solar Doppler difference bias, which leads to the decline of the velocity measurement accuracy. Modeling and compensation are an effective solution. The limited model with specific geometric direction, where the solar rotation axis is perpendicular to the plane through the Sun, the Earth and Mars, was established. However, in fact, the geometric relationship among the Sun, Mars and the spacecraft is not fully in line with the hypothesis of the model due to the spacecraft orbital angle and the solar rotation axis drift. Thus, this model is not consistent with the fact. In order to solve this problem, a universal solar Doppler difference bias model, which provides the expression with arbitrary rotation axis, is established in this paper. In this method, for any point at the solar surface, four variables including the direction of the solar rotation linear velocity at this point, the distance from this point to the rotation axis, the vector from this point to Mars, and the vector from this point to the spacecraft are calculated. Based on these four variables, the solar Doppler difference bias corresponding to this point is obtained. The theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the solar Doppler difference bias model with the actual rotation axis is different from that with one of the specific rotation axes. Therefore, it is indispensable to build the proposed model for compensation. Besides, the direction of the solar rotation axis, the spacecraft-Mars-Sun angle and the spacecraft-to-Mars distance are important impact factors for the proposed model.     

锻造温度对TC4合金组织与性能的影响

研究锻造加热温度对TC4合金组织与性能的影响规律。表明其均采用锻后水冷加强化热处理相同条件下,TC4合金采用高温锻造(相变点以下10℃至相变点以上5℃),可以获得细密交错的网状α+β组织,或其间伴有少量等轴α相的双态组织,从而可得到高强度与高塑性的性能。本文还讨论了上述工艺使TC4合金有效强化的机理。     

一种概率更新方法及在目标识别中的应用

信息更新问题是控制决策系统中普遍存在而又极为重要的研究课题。二阶概率技术在这些问题的研究中有着广泛的应用前景。文中结合一个目标识别问题中的应用实例,系统介绍了二阶概率技术的应用过程以及建立在二阶概率技术上的一种概率更新方法,并利用该方法解决了一个目标识别问题中的信息更新问题。     

密闭舱压力控制特性

本文主要报告研制中的密闭舱压力控制系统的建模和特性分析。系统特性分析和计算机仿真结果表明此类系统的稳定性条件是容易满足的。理论分析和计算机仿真结果得到了试验结果的验证,证明该数学模型的正确性和可应用性。它对于今后的研制工作是有指导意义的。     

Proposed Method for Instrument Landing of Aircraft Using Combined Radio and Inertial Guidance

The introduction of a satisfactory instrument landing system making use of existing ILAS radio systems would be of great economic value to the airline industry, and to other aeronautical activities requiring flying under low-visibility weather conditions. It is the purpose of this correspondence to indicate a possible solution to this problem of many years' standing, and to comment on the use of existing facilities as the basis for this solution.     

实验误差对材料参数实验结果影响的估计方法及其指标

 本文讨论了造成材料参数实验结果分散性的两个来源,给出了估计实验误差对实验结果影响的一般分析方法,提出了评价这种影响的几个指标。本文给出的例子表明这一方法是合理的和有效的。     

单子样寿命试验评估的综合概率分布法

提出了大型复杂结构体系或机构系统只做单子样1次寿命试验的评估方法。即据单子样的1次试验值创造性地提出确定当前概率分布及据此作出评估的方法,继而给出了结合半经验算法与当前概率分布算法的加权综合算法。附有算例阐明所提出的方法。     

作业弹性预算法在航空制造企业中的应用模型

作业弹性预算法模型是集成本预算与作业成本法之所长 ,将两者结合从而构筑起成本管理决策的一种新体系。从航空制造企业作业弹性预算法模型的可行性分析入手 ,着重论述该应用模型在航空制造企业的具体编制过程及由此所引发的实际成本与预算成本的差异分析框架 ,使其最终能更好地提升成本预算固有职能在航空制造企业的适用领域和使用效果。     

Dryden大气紊流模型的数字仿真技术

本文为如何利用电子计算机产生符合Dryden模型的三维大气紊流信号（包括三个速度分量和三个角速度分量）提出了一个比较严格和完整的方法。所得结果的可靠性可以通过相关函数来检验。最后还对飞行模拟器中如何使用这一数学模型提出了一些看法。     

三维Euler方程自适应八叉树结构各向异性直角网格算法

采用各向异性直角网格对相应的三维复杂流场进行了模拟 ,提出了物面三角化方法及网格与物面的相交判断过程。用以中心差分为基础的 Jameson的有限体积法对 Euler方程进行求解。计算结果表明 ,各向异性直角网格算法对相应流场进行模拟 ,计算时间较短而效果较好     

容错式飞机自动除冰系统

 提出一种高可靠性节能型飞机自动除冰系统,采用节能型电分离式除冰方法,并配有最优能量控制策略,使除冰系统所需的除冰能量大大降低；用容错式系统结构,使整个自动除冰系统的可靠性大大增加。实验结果表明系统可靠性高,并且节能效果显著。     

中国企业为何无缘全球品牌百强榜

文章在介绍全球品牌百强排行榜由来的基础上，通过解读Interbrand的品牌评价方法，对中国企业品牌目前难以上榜的原因进行了分析，认为中国企业应在发挥成本优势的同时，注重丰富品牌内涵，加强品牌营销和管理，踏实发展，避免浮躁，同时有关部门应对“中国制造”的品牌加以维护和扶持。假以时日，国产品牌定能进入世界顶尖品牌行列。     

Effect of Stagnation Temperature on the Supersonic Two- Dimensional Plug Nozzle Conception. Application for Air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect, its state equation remains always valid, except it will name in more calori-cally imperfect gas or gas at High Temperature. The goal of this research is to trace the profiles of the supersonic plug nozzle when this stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the threshold of dissociation of the molecules, by using the new formula of the Prandtl Meyer function, and to have for each exit Mach number, several nozzles shapes by changing the value of this temperature. A study on the error given by the PG (perfect gas) model compared to our model at high temperature is presented. The comparison is made with the case of a calorically perfect gas aiming to give a limit of application of this model. The application is for the air.     

基于UML的无人机飞控系统建模

针对无人机飞控系统功能及其复杂而又难以比较全面的描述,提出利用面向对象统一建模语言UML对飞控系统进行建模,可直观地描述飞控系统,并可以从不同角度较全面地描述飞控系统。首先简要介绍了飞控系统的原理和功能,在此基础上,利用UML例图、类图、协作图、顺序图、活动图,分别从整体、静态、动态角度描述了飞控系统。使用这种方法对飞控系统建模可应用在无人机系统仿真建模中,对无人机系统仿真建模具有积极的研究意义。     

紧固件柔度系数研究

在飞行器结构中普遍采用紧固件进行结构连接,紧固件的柔度系数是分析紧固件连接细节部位疲劳强度的重要参数.通常,确定紧固件柔度系数的方法多基于试验,但是这需要做大量的试验,耗费巨大.因此希望通过理论方法对紧固件柔度系数进行研究,获得新的计算紧固件柔度系数的方法,以达到减少试验和节省时间的目的.运用材料力学和弹性理论知识,推...     

Diffusive Shock Acceleration and Magnetic Field Amplification

Diffusive shock acceleration is the theory of particle acceleration through multiple shock crossings. In order for this process to proceed at a rate that can be reconciled with observations of high-energy electrons in the vicinity of the shock, and for cosmic rays protons to be accelerated to energies up to observed galactic values, significant magnetic field amplification is required. In this review we will discuss various theories on how magnetic field amplification can proceed in the presence of a cosmic ray population. On both short and long length scales, cosmic ray streaming can induce instabilities that act to amplify the magnetic field. Developments in this area that have occurred over the past decade are the main focus of this paper.     

剩余寿命抽样的罗必塔方法及其在可靠性数字仿真中的应用

剩余寿命抽样是可靠性数字仿真中非常棘手的问题,随着系统累积使用寿命的增加,很难用常规的方法得到准确的抽样结果。将求极限的罗必塔法则引入到剩余寿命抽样中,提出了剩余寿命抽样的罗必塔方法,并对罗必塔方法的抽样误差进行了详细的理论分析。指出对于耗损型寿命分布,罗必塔方法具有很好的适用性和可靠性且计算简便,理论分析和仿真实验都证明了这一点。     

基于CAD二次开发的飞行器隐身性能计算方法

在飞行器同雷达对抗时的不同威胁情况下,分析了在雷达仰视照射下飞行器的隐身性能。通过绘制雷达仰角图,得到了目标飞行器在某典型雷达照射下的暴露与隐身区域,从而量化了目标飞行器的隐身性能。通过CATIA二次开发技术实现了CAD模型的便捷修改,为优化外形隐身特性提供支持。最后通过一个具体算例验证种方法的效果,并说明方法具有实用意义。     

An Aspect of Determining the Range of Radar Detection

The determination of the range of radar is carried out according to statistical methods which are not always immediate. For this reason, a parametrical method is proposed which condenses the elements necessary for this calculation in the form of three abaci. Furthermore, a general formula condenses this result, and the formula is extended to the other transmission systems.