某型直升机液压助力器动态特性仿真

液压助力器系统作为直升机操纵系统的关键部分之一,系统的响应速度和效率直接影响着直升机的飞行操纵性能。本文以某型直升机的液压助力器系统为研究对象,通过建立系统仿真模型,利用Simulink软件计算其动态特性,并分析了参数变化对系统动态特性的影响。仿真结果表明,适当提高油液的有效体积弹性模数、降低系统负载质量,可有效提升系统的响应速度和效率。     

直升机飞行操纵系统动刚度特性研究

对直升机操纵系统一个重要参数──动刚度特性进行了研究。在分析直升机操纵系统结构的基础上,建立了直升机操纵系统的力学模型和数学模型,并推导出直升机操纵系统动刚度的计算公式。用机械阻抗法对某型直升机操纵系统动刚度进行了分析计算。对某型机计算结果与试验结果进行了对比。计算结果与试验结果符合性较好,说明力学模型正确、计算方法可行。     

基于AMESim的直升机鱼叉液压系统的建模与仿真

介绍了直升机鱼叉液压系统的组成和工作原理,通过对鱼叉液压系统的实际工作情况进行研究,运用AMESim平台建立了直升机鱼叉液压系统模型,并对该模型进行仿真分析。将仿真结果与试验计算结果进行验证分析,结果表明仿真数据和试验计算数据基本吻合,较好地反映了鱼叉液压系统原理设计要求和动态特性,仿真结果可以为直升机鱼叉液压系统优化设计提供理论分析依据。     

直-9直升机主液压助力器稳定性分析

液压助力器的稳定性是保证其正常工作的必要条件,直接关系到直升机的飞行安全。本文根据直-9直升机主液压助力器的结构及工作特点,应用自动控制原理及系统稳定判据,对影响助力器稳定性的诸因素进行分析探讨,以指导助力器的使用与维修。     

直升机操纵系统操作试验研究

本文提出的操纵系统操作试验是以直升机在恶劣飞行条件下、且在操纵系统助力器失效时,判断直升机操纵系统本身有无过度变形、过度摩擦和卡阻现象发生以确保直升机在恶劣气象条件下的安全飞行。此试验是在某型直升机上严格按适航条例规定,在动平衡加载状态下全行程范围内往返运动进行测试研究的。     

某型机助力器承载特性分析

某旋翼系统装于某型直升机,实测了该直升机在悬停、盘旋、平飞、过载、机动飞行科目下的桨叶变距拉杆的铰链力矩,据此计算了该型机纵向和横向操纵助力器所受载荷;同时根据该机操纵助力器输出力与操纵速度特性曲线,考核验证某旋翼系统的铰链力矩、某型机操纵助力器的承载特性即桨叶和助力器的设计及其匹配是否合理、安全可行。     

高频动载叠加静载型电液加载系统优化设计

针对直升机操纵助力器工作时高频动载叠加静载气动载荷扰动的特点,设计了模拟高频动载叠加静载的电液加载系统对助力器进行加载.采用静载与高频正弦动载叠加的液压加载系统对助力器进行仿真.建立了电液加载系统的数学模型,在编制的操纵谱和加载谱条件下进行了系统的负载轨迹分析,得到了负载轨迹的解析表达式,进一步得到负载轨迹区域的外包络线的解析表达式.按照加载系统动力机构负载最佳匹配原则的优化设计方法,通过特征点组合并结合实际加载需求进行了液压动力机构参数的优化设计.     

基于导航函数的直升机任务科目建模试飞技术

任务科目是ADS-33E规范要求的直升机飞行品质重要考核项目之一。基于导航函数的方法,通过直升机非线性飞行动力学模型实现任务科目的数值仿真,获得目标直升机任务科目所需的操纵量及操纵规律。通过飞行试验结果的验证及分析表明,数值计算结果及模型真实有效,对直升机任务科目的飞行试验具有指导作用。     

直升机机动飞行仿真的气动建模及试验研究

 建立了适用于直升机机动飞行仿真的动力学模型。为了提高模型的真实度,着重通过瞬态操纵实验研究建立了旋翼非定常气动模型;又通过旋翼/ 机身气动干扰试验研究,并运用神经网络技术建立了一种新的机身气动力模型。使用该仿真模型做出的UH260A 直升机仿真计算结果与飞行试验数据符合良好。     

基于SimHydraulics某直升机液压系统仿真

随着现代航空业的迅猛发展,直升机正发挥着越来越重要的作用。以SimHydraulics软件为基础,通过分析直升机液压系统的组成与工作原理,建立了某直升机液压系统的仿真模型与堵塞故障模型,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明了模型的有效性,为后续直升机飞行仿真模型的建立奠定了基础。     

Prediction of pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure

This paper presents a method to predict the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure. The landing procedure is simulated numerically via applying nonlinear optimal control method in the form of performance index, path constraints and boundary conditions based on an augmented six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body flight dynamics model, solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. UH-60A helicopter is taken as the sample for the demonstration of landing after one engine failure. The numerical simulation was conducted to find the trajectory of helicopter and the controls from pilot for landing after one engine failure with different performance index considering the factor of pilot workload. The reasonable performance index and corresponding landing trajectory and controls are obtained by making a comparison with those from the flight test data. Furthermore, the pilot workload is evaluated based on wavelet transform analysis of the pilot control activities. The workloads of pilot control activities for collective control, longitudinal and lateral cyclic controls and pedal control during the helicopter landing after one engine failure are examined and compared with those of flight test. The results show that when the performance index considers the factor of pilot workload properly, the characteristics of amplitudes and constituent frequencies of pilot control inputs in the optimal solution are consistent with those of the pilot control inputs in the flight test. Therefore, the proposed method provides a tool of predicting the pilot workload in helicopter landing after one engine failure.     

变旋翼转速飞行控制对涡轴发动机输出响应的影响

为探明变旋翼转速条件下飞行控制对涡轴发动机输出响应的影响,在变旋翼转速直升机/传动机构/发动机综合仿真平台的基础上,考虑系统不确定因素的存在,提出并设计了增量式非线性动态逆飞行控制器,提高对系统的控制效果,控制器主要包括角速率控制器、姿态角控制器和航迹控制器;由于执行机构的物理限制,引入伪控制模块,以提高系统的稳定性。典型的飞行任务下的仿真结果表明：相对于增量式非线性动态逆飞行控制器而言,伪控制模块不仅可显著提升飞行控制效果,使爬升速度的超调量减小50%以上,还可有效减小动力涡轮转速的超调量9.0%左右,有助于增强发动机的动态控制品质。     

基于UKF的共轴式无人直升机模型辨识

建立了共轴式无人直升机系统非线性模型,并针对其非线性强,不同飞行模态下气动参数差异等问题,将无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)引入共轴式直升机系统非线性模型辨识,不但避免了直升机线性模型仅仅适用于悬停模态的局限性,同时为直升机系统在线自适应控制提供了基础条件,使得共轴式无人直升机自主全包线飞行成为可能.以北京航空航天大学FH-1共轴式无人直升机为例进行了仿真辨识实验.实验结果表明基于该方法的共轴式直升机在线非线性模型辨识不依赖于参数初值的选取,模型参数能在10s内收敛,各状态量辨识精度达到80%以上,明显高于传统的预报误差法(PEM),具有一定的实用性.      

电液复合调节作动器的建模与AMESim仿真

针对传统功率电传一体化作动器存在的诸如动态响应差、固有频率低等问题,提出一种增加了一个总压力控制阀的改进型电液复合调节一体化作动器.通过保持作动筒高、低压腔的压力之和为一常数,使泵控系统的固有频率和阀控系统相同,有效地改善了动态响应.在综合考虑这种改进的电液一体化作动器中不可忽视的结构刚度、摩擦、泄漏等非线性因素对系统的影响后,在已有简化模型基础上建立了非线性仿真模型.用AMESim软件进行仿真验证和分析,结果表明该模型较好地反映了实际系统的性能,为功率电传一体化舵机的进一步结构优化和控制提供了理论依据.     

Design and Simulation of Electro-hydrostatic Actuator with a Built-in Power Regulator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a kind of power-by-wire (PBW) actuator that converts the electrical power into localized hydraulic power for flight control. By removing the central hydraulic power supply together with hydraulic pipes, an EHA's reliability and efficiency are greatly improved but its frequency width and stiffness decreased. To overcome the drawback, this article proposes a novel structure of EHA associated with a power regulator. Composed of a high-pressure accumulator and a proportional valve, it can store and harness the hydraulic power flexibly according to the changing control requirements. The concept of transferred volume is put forward to estimate the capability of the power regulator. The actuator output position can be kept fixed with a hydraulic lock. The compounded control is specially developed to ensure the actuator system to operate in a correct manner. The simulation results indicate that the new-brand actuator results in efficient expanding of the system frequency width with an optimal power supply.     

直升机后缘襟翼驱动器迟滞现象仿真与抑制

直升机后缘襟翼多采用压电驱动器作为驱动元件，但是在使用过程中压电驱动器迟滞会对其振动控制性能产生不利影响，因此针对压电驱动器迟滞开展了迟滞建模与抑制研究。通过实验研究了压电驱动器在不同驱动频率下的迟滞特性，采用Bouc-Wen模型对驱动器迟滞现象进行了建模，并采用粒子群算法（PSO）辨识模型参数，与实际测量迟滞曲线进行了对比，在10~60 Hz范围内所建立的迟滞模型能够较为精确地描述压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了基于Bouc-Wen逆模型的前馈补偿控制与PID反馈控制相结合的复合控制策略，实验结果显示该控制策略能够在10~60 Hz较宽的频率范围内有效抑制该压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了考虑驱动器迟滞的主动控制后缘襟翼振动控制动力学模型，并对中等速度稳态前飞条件下后缘襟翼振动控制性能进行了仿真，仿真结果显示驱动器迟滞会在一定程度上削弱振动控制性能，而采用复合控制可以提高后缘襟翼旋翼振动控制性能。     

DDV作动器余度数字伺服系统工程设计与实现

 介绍一种直接驱动阀（DDV）式作动器的余度数字式伺服系统设计与实现,描述了系统的余度配置、设计思想及组成,建立了DDV作动器的结构参数化模型及数字伺服回路的模型,并进行了仿真,分析了作动器动静态特性、采样频率及监控器的设计性能。最后,采用快速原型实时仿真,对余度数字式伺服系统完成了的性能试验验证,结果表明系统性能令人满意。     

Adaptive Blade Twist – calculations and experimental results

Applying adaptronics to helicopters has a high potential to significantly suppress noise, reduce vibration, and increase the overall aerodynamic efficiency. This paper presents recent investigations on a very promising specific concept described as Adaptive Blade Twist (ABT). This concept allows us to directly control the twist of the helicopter blades by smart adaptive elements. This influences positively the main rotor area which is the primary source for helicopter noise and vibration. Since the interaction of non-stationary helicopter aerodynamics and elastomechanical structural characteristics of the helicopter blades causes flight envelope limitations, vibration and noise, a good comprehension of the aerodynamics is essential for the development of structural solutions to effectively influence the local airflow conditions and finally develop the structural concept. With respect to these considerations, the ABT concept will be presented.This concept is based on the actively controlled tension-torsion-coupling of the structure. For this, an actuator is integrated within a helicopter blade that is made of an anisotropic material based on fiber composites. Driving the actuator results in a local twist of the blade tip in such a way that the blade can be considered as a torsional actuator. Influencing the blade twist distribution finally results in a higher aerodynamic efficiency.The paper starts at giving a review on conventional concepts and potential adaptive solutions for shape control. After, some calculations of the adaptive twist control concept are presented. These are based on a representative model in which the active part of the rotor blade is simplified with a thin-walled rectangular beam, that is structurally equivalent to a model rotor blade of the Bo105 with a scaling factor 2.54. The calculations are performed using an expanded Wlassow theory. The results are valid for static and dynamic conditions. For the dynamic condition excessive deformations near the blade resonance frequency shall be utilised. Therefore, the actuated blade section has to be properly designed for this precondition. This has been demonstrated and verified in experiments, which will not be discussed in this paper.For experimental investigations on the ABT concept the skin of the outer part of the model rotor blade was manufactured of fibre composite material using the above mentioned tension-torsion-coupling effect with an additional uncoupling layer between skin and spar. The experimental results have shown that near to the resonance frequency dynamic forces of 550±550 N are required for a deformation of ± 3 degrees at the blade tip.     

A New Hybrid Control Scheme for an Integrated Helicopter and Engine System

A new hybrid control scheme is presented with a robust multiple model fusion control(RMMFC) law for a UH-60 helicopter and an active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) controller for its engines.This scheme is a control design method with every subsystem designed separately but fully considering the couplings between them.With three subspaces with respect to forward flight velocity,a RMMFC is proposed to devise a four-loop reference signal tracing control for the helicopter,which escapes the closed-loop system from unstable state due to the extreme complexity of this integrated nonlinear system.The engines are controlled by the proposed ADRC decoupling controller,which fully takes advantage of a good compensation ability for unmodeled dynamics and extra disturbances,so as to compensate torque disturbance in power turbine speed loop.By simulating a forward acceleration flight task,the RMMFC for the helicopter is validated.It is apparent that the integrated helicopter and engine system(IHES) has much better dynamic performance under the new control scheme.Especially in the switching process,the large transient is significantly weakened,and smooth transition among candidate controllers is achieved.Over the entire simulation task,the droop of power turbine speed with the proposed ADRC controller is significantly slighter than with the conventional PID controller,and the response time of the former is much faster than the latter.By simulating a rapid climb and descent flight task,the results also show the feasibility for the application of the proposed multiple model fusion control.Although there is aggressive power demand in this maneuver,the droop of power turbine speed with an ADRC controller is smaller than using a PID controller.The control performance for helicopter and engine is enhanced by adopting this hybrid control scheme,and simulation results in other envelope state give proofs of robustness for this new scheme.     

直升机结构响应自适应控制研究

研究了基于自适应滤波技术、采用伺服惯性力发生器（SIFG）的直升机结构响应主动控制;比较了被动动力吸振器和SIFG的减振效果。研究表明,SIFG在直升机前飞速度和旋翼转速及前飞速度改变的情况下均能保持良好的减振效果。