电静液作动器自调节积分鲁棒运动控制

针对电静液作动器系统中存在的匹配干扰及不匹配干扰,基于扩张状态观测器,设计了一种自调节积分鲁棒控制方法。首先设计扩张状态观测器估计系统的匹配不确定性并且进行前馈补偿;然后设计自调节积分鲁棒控制器分别处理系统的不匹配干扰和状态估计误差,实现了电静液作动器的渐近跟踪控制;最后通过仿真验证了该控制方案的有效性。结果表明：相较于传统的PID控制器,该控制器的跟踪误差约为0.2mm,控制精度达到0.4%左右。     

基于间隙度量的鲁棒LPV控制律设计

针对高超声速飞行器飞行包线范围广和模型参数不确定性大的问题,提出了基于间隙度量的鲁棒线性变参数(LPV,Linear Parameter-Varying)控制律设计方法.该方法将间隙度量引入LPV控制器设计中,提出了基于最优间隙度量的凸分解策略,并将其应用于多胞顶点的分解和鲁棒LPV控制器的自增益调参,以降低控制器的保守性;考虑模型的参数不确定性求取多胞LPV系统的顶点模型并设计顶点控制器,以提高顶点边界附近LPV控制器的鲁棒性;以某型高超声速飞行器为对象设计了鲁棒LPV控制器.仿真结果表明:该方法能降低大包线内控制器的保守性,实现高超声速飞行器在整个设计包线内精确的指令跟踪,并且在模型参数存在大的不确定性情况下仍保证系统的鲁棒性能和稳定性.     

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

Optimal H∞ robust output feedback control for satellite formation in arbitrary elliptical reference orbits

A two degree-of-freedom signal-based optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller is designed for satellite formation in an arbitrary elliptical reference orbit. Based on high-fidelity linearized dynamics of relative motion, uncertainties introduced by non-zero eccentricity and gravitational J2 perturbation are separated to construct a robust control model. Furthermore, a distributed robust control model is derived by modifying the perturbed robust control model of each satellite with the eigenvalues of the Laplacian matrix of the communication graph, which represent uncertainty in the communication topology. A signal-based optimal H_∞ robust controller is then designed primarily. Considering that the uncertainties involved in the distributed robust control model have a completely diagonal structure, the corresponding analyses are made through structured singular value theory to reduce the conservativeness. Based on simulation results, further designs including increasing the degrees of freedom of the controller, modifying the performance and control weighted functions, adding a post high-pass filter according to the dynamic characteristics, and reducing the control model are made to improve the control performance. Nonlinear simulations demonstrate that the resultant optimal H_∞ robust output feedback controller satisfies the robust performance requirements under uncertainties caused by non-zero eccentricity, J2 perturbation, and varying communication topology, and that 5 m accuracy in terms of stable desired formation configuration can be achieved by the presented optimal H_∞ robust controller. In addition to considering the widely discussed uncertainties caused by the orbit of each satellite in a formation, the optimal H_∞ robust output feedback control model presented in the current work considers the uncertainties caused by varying communication topology in the satellite formation that works in a cooperative way. Other new improvements include adopting a new method to more accurately describe and analyze the effects of the higher-order J2 perturbation, combining all the uncertainties into a diagonal structure, and utilizing a structured singular value to synthesize and analyze the controller.     

一种基于2DOFH∞控制器的航天器姿态控制方法

研究某航天器俯仰轴姿态的二自由度鲁棒控制问题．首先分析俯仰轴系统中存在的主要不确定性,建立系统的结构与非结构不确定模型;然后将二自由度鲁棒控制方法应用于俯仰轴系统中设计H∞控制器,由于得到的H∞控制器阶次过高,对其进行降阶处理;最后进行仿真验证．结果表明该控制器对干扰力矩和参数不确定性的影响具有良好的鲁棒稳定性．     

Finite-time relative orbit-attitude tracking control for multi-spacecraft with collision avoidance and changing network topologies

This paper addresses the relative position tracking and attitude synchronization control problem for spacecraft formation flying (SFF). Based on the derived relative coupled six-degree-of-freedom dynamics, a robust adaptive finite-time fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed to achieve the desired formation in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. It is shown that the designed controller is effective for changing information exchange topology making it robust to node failure. Then, the artificial potential function method is employed to generate collision avoidance schemes to modify the controller such that inter-agent collision avoidance can be ensured during the formation maneuver, which is critical for practical missions. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is proved by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical examples for a given SFF scenario are presented to illustrate the performance of the controller.     

组合体航天器姿态的智能自适应控制方法

研究了交会对接后组合体航天器构型变化带来的姿态控制问题,对执行机构在控制量受限时的控制能力进行了分析,应用基于特征模型的智能自适应控制方法,设计了能适用于不同构型的姿态控制器,分别对组合体在直线构型和L构型对接情况下进行了数学仿真,仿真结果验证了智能自适应控制方法可行并且具有一定的优越性。     

一类不确定分数阶混沌系统的滑模自适应同步

基于滑模自适应控制理论、Lyapunov稳定性理论和分数阶线性系统稳定性理论,在考虑系统存在模型不确定和外部扰动的情况下,选用一种具有较强鲁棒性的分数阶滑模曲面,设计了合适的自适应滑模控制器。所设计的控制器能够将系统状态控制到滑模面上,实现两个不确定分数阶混沌系统的同步,且不需事先知道不确定项上界。该控制器结构简单,控制代价小,具有较好的通用性,对未知扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于干扰补偿的导弹增量式动态逆容错控制方法

针对导弹飞控系统存在外部干扰、执行机构故障等问题,本文运用一种鲁棒增量式动态逆被动容错控制方法,以避免主动故障诊断带来的计算效率问题,同时实现飞行姿态的可靠安全控制。针对外部干扰及执行机构故障等控制系统不确定性,建立导弹三通道姿态控制模型,基于干扰观测器对不确定性进行估计与补偿设计终端滑模控制律。为进一步增强导弹姿态控制系统的鲁棒性,给出导弹增量式动态逆容错控制律,结合终端滑模控制设计干扰补偿的增量式动态逆终端滑模控制律,并对系统残差进行分析比较。某典型全弹道姿态跟踪任务仿真表明,该方法在故障未知的情况下仍然保持姿态跟踪特性与容错能力,实现导弹姿态鲁棒精准快速控制。     

基于非线性模型预测的绳系系统系绳摆振控制

针对绳系系统离轨稳定控制问题,开展了系绳和绳端卫星构成的绳系系统在拖拽离轨过程中系绳摆动稳定控制方法研究。在考虑拖拽离轨过程中约束下,首先建立了包含绳端卫星的姿态运动的模型,并建立了绳系系统的离轨动力学方程和便于控制器设计的简化动力学方程。其次根据模型预测原理以最优化方法设计参考轨迹,最后以模型预测控制方法为基础设计了稳定系绳摆动的非线性模型预测控制方法。使用MATLAB软件平台仿真,验证了所设计的参考轨迹能完成目标和模型预测控制器有好的跟踪能力。      

基于神经网络的电液转台非线性积分滑模控制

针对高精度电液飞行仿真转台具有高度非线性、参数不确定和不确定非线性等特点,提出了一种基于RBF（Radial Basis Function）神经网络的非线性积分滑模鲁棒控制方法.采用自适应RBF神经网络对该系统存在的参数不确定性和不确定非线性进行补偿,从而降低滑模控制器对切换项的增益的需求,进而减小系统抖振幅值.积分滑模面的设计能消除外部干扰对系统带来的稳态误差.根据积分滑模变结构控制器的特点,将控制律分为等效控制律和到达控制律.等效控制律使系统运动于滑模面附近,到达控制律可使处于状态空间内任意初始位置的系统趋近于滑模面,并进一步通过Lyapunov方法证明了系统的渐近稳定性.实验结果表明,所提出的非线性控制器不仅能满足电液转台的高精度跟踪性能的要求,且对参数不确定性和不确定非线性具有一定的鲁棒性.     

输入滞后和状态滞后系统的鲁棒H∞控制

针对一类具有状态滞后、输出滞后和凸多面体不确定性的连续时间系统,研究了时滞依赖型鲁棒H_∞控制器的设计问题.通过引入两个附加的松弛矩阵使Lyapunov矩阵和系统矩阵得到分离,得到一个新的鲁棒H_∞性能判据,并基于该判据设计了系统的鲁棒H_∞状态反馈控制器.设计的状态反馈控制器不但保证闭环系统的二次稳定性,同时使系统的H_∞范数小于一个给定的衰减水平.并且设计了一个迭代算法得到问题的次最优解.指出了一种可以在现有的研究成果的基础上得到新的具有更低保守性的性能准则的有效途径.最后通过一个数值算例验证了所提出算法的可行性和优越性.     

Robust three-dimensional path-following control for an under-actuated stratospheric airship

This paper proposes a robust three-dimensional (3-D) path-following controller for an under-actuated stratospheric airship in the presence of uncertainties. The resultant control system exhibits an inner-outer loop control structure. In the outer control loop, the path-following error dynamics is constructed in a moving Serret-Frenet frame and a new guidance law with the sideslip and attack angle compensation is designed, which decreases the path-following steady-state error. In the inner control loop, a disturbance observer based backstepping control law is proposed to achieve the desired dynamic behavior on the path. Furthermore, a new velocity tracking control strategy is developed which aligns the resultant velocity tangent to the path. Finally, numerical simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Motion-planning and pose-tracking based rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

Rendezvous and docking (RVD) with a tumbling target is challenging. In this paper, a novel control scheme based on motion planning and pose (position and attitude) tracking is proposed to solve the pose control of a chaser docking with a tumbling target in the phase of close range rendezvous. Firstly, the current desired motion of the chaser is planned according to the motion of the target. In planning the desired motion, the “approach path constraint” is considered to avoid collisions between the chaser and the target, and the “field-of-view constraint” is considered to make sure the vision sensors on the chaser to obtain tight relative pose knowledge of the target with respect to the chaser. Then, the difference between the chaser’s motion and the desired motion is gradually reduced by a pose tracking controller. This controller is based on the non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) method to make the tracking error converge to zero in finite time. Since the chaser nearly moves along the desired motion and the motion is reasonable, (1) it could safely arrive at the docking port of the target with a suitable relative attitude, (2) it will be always suitably oriented to observe the target well, and (3) the magnitude of the needed control inputs are less than that in existing literatures. The numerical results demonstrate the above three advantages of the proposed method.     

基于切换系统的变体飞行器鲁棒自适应控制

针对变体飞行器变形过程的控制问题,将切换系统理论与多变量自适应控制理论相结合,提出了一种基于切换系统的鲁棒自适应控制器设计方法。首先,建立了变体飞行器纵向短周期线性切换模型,描述了飞行器的整个变形过程;然后,设计了一种改进的鲁棒自适应控制律,抑制了各类干扰和不确定性对系统的影响,实现了切换系统对参考模型的良好跟踪;最后,提出了一种基于模型依赖驻留时间（MDDT）的切换控制律,保证了变体飞行器在变形切换过程中的稳定性,利用Lyapunov函数方法证明了本文方法最终一致有界。仿真验证表明,在存在外部干扰和各类不确定性的情况下,本文方法能保证飞行器在变形过程中精确跟踪参考模型,且具有较好的抗干扰能力。      

飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制

针对飞行器纵向模型具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的特点,提出一种飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制方法.动态面控制方法通过引入一阶低通滤波器避免了传统反演设计存在的"微分爆炸"现象,采用自适应律对模型未知参数进行在线估计,并利用非线性阻尼项克服外界干扰.通过Lyapunov方法证明得出闭环系统半全局一致稳定,跟踪误差可通过调节控制器参数达到任意小.仿真结果表明:该方法能在简化控制设计过程的同时保证航迹倾角跟踪上预定轨迹,控制系统具有较强的自适应能力且对外界干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.     

阀控电液位置伺服系统非线性鲁棒控制方法

为了解决电液伺服跟踪控制中存在流量非线性以及参数不确定问题,以阀控液压马达为对象设计了一种非线性鲁棒控制器.该算法基于Back-Stepping的设计思想,将阀控电液系统的位置跟踪问题转化为系统负载流量规划问题,仅需一步反步递推,即可完成控制器设计,具有较强的工程实用性.该算法综合考虑了制约电液位置系统跟踪精度的流量非线性以及系统参数不确定性问题.理论证明了该算法的稳定性.通过和传统PID(Proportional-Integral-Derivative)控制器的对比试验表明,基于该控制器,系统跟踪性能得到了显著提升.     

Robust H∞ controller design for attitude stabilization of flexible spacecraft with input constraints

This paper addresses the attitude stabilization and vibration suppression problem for flexible spacecraft subject to model parameter uncertainty, controller perturbations, external disturbances and input constraints. The attitude model of flexible spacecraft is described and converted into a state space form in terms of passive and active vibration suppression schemes. A novel state feedback controller is proposed based on the exactly available expectation of a new variable, which is introduced to model a randomly occurring controller gain perturbation. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the nonfragile H_∞ controller considering input constraints are given based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) in terms of additive perturbation and multiplicative perturbation. Then, the developed controller subject to required constraints can be obtained, where the nonfragile property is fully considered to improve the tolerance to uncertainties in the controller. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy in attitude stabilization and vibration suppression, where it should be noted that the passive vibration suppression scheme is superior for high natural frequencies while the active vibration suppression scheme is superior for low natural frequencies. Moreover, the low natural frequencies have more influence on the performance of attitude stabilization and vibration suppression.     

Spacecraft formation flying control around L2 sun-earth libration point using on–off SDRE approach

In this paper, on–off SDRE control approach is presented for spacecraft formation flying control around sun-earth L2 libration point. Orbits around libration points are significant targets for many space missions mainly because of efficient fuel consumption. Furthermore, less propellant usage can be achieved by considering optimal control approaches in spacecraft formation flying control design. Among various nonlinear and optimal control methods, SDRE has shown to be a popular controller in various missions due to the privileges including efficiency, accuracy and robustness. The spacecraft are assumed to have on–off thrusters as actuators. It requires them to be fed with a sequence of on–off pulses which is regarded as a challenge for spacecraft designers. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is designing an on–off SDRE approach for the formation flight around sun-earth L2 point with uncertainty with energy and accuracy considerations. Including on–off input as a constraint is not feasible for SDRE implementation because it makes the system non-affine. An alternative is utilizing an integral action technique and an auxiliary control to make the system affine which leads to on–off SDRE approach. It has also been shown that the proposed method is robust against parametric uncertainties of the states. Present study aims to design an energy-beneficial, simple and attractive controller for a complex nonlinear system with on–off inputs and uncertainty in CRTBP. Simulation results show that the on–off SDRE control could provide the formation flight around L2 point with high accuracy using less energy consumption.     

高超声速飞行器纵向系统鲁棒协调控制器设计

飞行器在高超声速阶段,强非线性耦合与不确定性问题给飞行控制系统的设计带来了巨大的挑战。为了研究高超声速飞行器纵向控制系统中的间耦合关系,基于高超声速纵向非线性模型,对其状态变量组与输入变量组进行了耦合采样分析。同时考虑到系统的不确定性提出了一种分层鲁棒协调控制策略。对高超声速纵向的高度和速度子系统设计鲁棒与耦合补偿控制器,对姿态子系统设计鲁棒与耦合转换控制器。利用Lyapunov稳定性理论来分析整个闭环系统的稳定性。仿真表明该控制方法可以有效的应对纵向系统间的强耦合问题。