近地卫星磁测自主导航算法研究

地磁场具有较为完善的数学模型，而地磁场矢量是卫星位置的函数，利用三轴磁强计的测量信息即可实现近地卫星的自主导航。本文提出了采用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波作为处理磁测自主导航问题的滤波算法。基于unscented变换，UKF滤波算法能够给出更精确的均值和协方差的估计，从而带来更高的精度。本文以地磁场矢量为测量量，进行了数学仿真。仿真结果表明：经UKF滤波后，卫星总的位置误差在1km(3σ)以内。通过比较可知，该方法比传统的扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)有更好的收敛性和更高的精度。     

X射线脉冲星导航中的滤波方法分析

X射线脉冲星导航由于需要大量的观测数据来确定天体方位,因此需要较长的滤波周期(500 ～ 1000s),系统的状态方程是非线性的.若采用扩展Kalman滤波(EKF),线性化时会产生较大的高阶截断误差,且Jacobian矩阵不易精确计算,导致定轨的精度较低.文中采用非线性滤波方法- Unscented Kalman 滤...     

基于UKF的机载无源定位算法

提出了一种基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)的机载无源定位算法,并结合应用背景,对系统模型以及通常的UKF算法作了相应的改进。该算法对量测模型非线性问题采用UKF予以解决,克服了EKF(Extended Kalman Filter)中引入的较大线性化误差对性能的影响。与基于EKF的定位算法相比,本文提出的算法滤波性能更好,对初始估计误差不敏感,并且算法不用计算雅可比或黑赛矩阵,更容易实现。仿真结果验证了提出算法的优越性。     

基于Unscented滤波的伴飞卫星自主相对导航滤波器

为提高导航滤波器的稳定性和计算精度,根据卫星自主导航原理,构造了基于Unscented Kalman滤波（UKF）的伴飞卫星自主相对导航滤波器,建立了算法模型。仿真结果表明：UKF的滤波精度优于扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）,且无需计算量测方程的Jacobi矩阵,计算量小、易于实现。     

基于UKF的异类传感器集中式融合算法

综合考虑航天器跟踪测量中速度和精度的要求,对异类传感器集中式融合问题进行了研究,提出了基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF,Unscented Kalman Filter)和简化的分类数据压缩技术的非线性系统实时集中式融合算法.仿真表明新的算法融合性能优于基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter)和扩维技术的并行集中式融合算法.     

中心差分Kalman滤波方法在X射线脉冲星导航中的应用

由于脉冲星脉冲到达时间的测量需要较长时间,基于传统的扩展Kalman滤波的X射线脉 冲星定轨方法精度较低。为此,提出了将中心差分Kalman滤波应用于X射线脉冲星导航中, 利用中心差分Kalman滤波替代扩展Kalman滤波,通过结合航天器轨道动力学模型和脉冲星观 测信息进行定轨。仿真结果表明,中心差分Kalman滤波方法的定轨精度高于扩展Kalman滤波 方法。     

基于自适应滤波的光谱畸变误差抑制方法

为降低天文光谱畸变误差对多普勒测速导航精度的影响,设计结合非线性Sage-Husa噪声估计器及抗差扩展卡尔曼滤波器(Robust Extend Kalman Filter,REKF)的自适应滤波算法。当系统模型可靠时,抗差滤波能够通过预测残差判断异常量测并降低其权重;当系统模型噪声先验信息不准确时,通过Sage-Husa噪声估计器估计系统噪声协方差阵Q阵,以保证抗差滤波的效果。此外,结合多普勒测速导航及X射线脉冲星导航进行组合导航,以提高位置估计精度。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在系统模型噪声先验信息不准确的情况下有效控制光谱畸变造成的量测误差对导航精度的影响。     

基于UKF的无陀螺姿态确定

针对无陀螺卫星的姿态和角速度估计问题,提出了基于UKF(Unscent-ed Kalman Filtering)的无陀螺的姿态确定算法。采用星敏感器作为姿态敏感器,构造了基于罗德里格参数的UKF滤波器。与EKF相比,UKF不必计算Jacoabian矩阵而且能够至少精确到泰勒展开的二阶。通过EKF和UKF仿真结果的比较,表明UKF比EKF具有更快的收敛速度和更高的精度。     

基于UKF的航天器最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法

钊对航天器的惯性-星光姿态确定系统，选取基于矢量观测的最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法为定姿算法。但是由于系统模型是非线性的，针对系统模型的非线性，将UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）与最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法结合，设计了一种针对MEMS陀螺和CMOS APS星敏感器的UKF姿念估计器。仿真结果表明：在敏感器精度较差的情况下，该UKF、姿态估计器能够满足大多数航天器对姿态确定精度的要求。此外，UKF和EKF（Extended Kalman Filter）的仿真对比结果表明：UKF滤波器的收敛速度高于EKF滤波器，状态估计的精度也优于EKF滤波器，且数值稳定性好。     

北斗/罗兰C组合导航非线性滤波算法研究

北斗/罗兰C组合可以实现无源三维导航定位.建立了组合导航系统状态方程和量测方程,针对量测方程为非线性的情况,分别应用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF),设计了滤波算法,仿真结果表明,采用UKF方法比EKF方法能改善定位效果,该方法已经成功应用在工程实践中.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

对高校学生欠费问题的思考

本文以独特的视角,分析了高校学生欠费造成的危害及形成的原因,提出了解决该问题的若干对策,对指导高校学生欠费清理工作有一定参考价值.     

Does the endolymph pass through the base of the cupula?

Whether the endolymph of the semicircular canal passes the cupular partition or not was examined using the lateral semicircular canal system of adult pigeons (Columba livia). By applying various pressures by means of injection of a dye solution through the membranous canal, it was found that the dye solution, was seen to pass the cupula even under very low pressures when the pressure was increased gradually. When pulled by a magnet, the ultrafine particles of the dextran magnetite contained in the injected fluid were found to pass through the subcupular space without evident increase of the ampullary pressure.     

对高校学生欠费问题的思考

本文以独特的视角，分析了高校学生欠费造成的危害及形成的原因，提出了解决该问题的若干对策，对指导高校学生欠费清理工作有一定参考价值。     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

混沌码用作测控扩频码的可行性研究

阐述了混沌码的基本特性,提出用混沌码作为测控扩频码的构想,并讨论了混沌码扩频测控体系构成,以及体系中的关键技术,从而论证混沌码扩频测控体制的可行性,研究表明混沌码比传统扩频码有更强的保密和抗多址干扰特性。     

实施"三位一体"教育模式提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。