一种新的参数化标准件库开发技术的研究

介绍了具有参数化变量化功能的ＣＡＤ软件Ｓｉｇｒａｐｈ－Ｄｅｓｉｇｎ，以及在其上利用交互式作图法，配以内部图形数据库，直接建立参数化标准件库的新途径，并给出了寒带的建库方案。     

日本将实施4星气候监测计划

日本宇宙开发事业团（ＮＡＳＤＡ）预计将在２０００年４月开始实施一项包括４颗卫星的全球气候监视计划。ＮＡＳＤＡ目前已申请了大约１．２亿日元（合１００万美元），用于对２颗拟于２００５年发射的全球变化观测卫星（ＧＣＯＭ——ＧｌｏｂａｌＣｈａｎｇｅＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＭｉｓｓｉｏｎ）进行研究。这笔研究经费尚待日本空间活动委员会的批准。第一颗卫星称为ＧＣＯＭ－Ａ１，其重点任务是大气监测。第二颗卫星是ＧＣＯＭ－Ｂ１，将携带５种遥感器，其重点任务是地球观测。它们的２颗后继星ＧＣＯＭ－Ａ２、Ｂ２，将于２０１０…     

对技术引进和经济规模有效性的分析

采用数据包络分析法（ＤａｔａＥｎｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＤＥＡ法）对技术引进有效性及经济规模有效进行评价，其参数选择原则为绝对数系列，以轴承行业５０家企业的数据，对同一时间点的现有生产配置条件下的企业经济规模有效性进行横向评价，以某厂８年数据对不同时间点企业技术引进的后期效果进行技术引进有效性纵向评价。     

PSD器件及其在精密测量中的应用

ＰＳＤ器件是近几年出现的一种新型位置探测器，可直接用来测量角度、高度、距离及运动，本文介绍了ＰＳＤ器件的工作，给出了三种ＰＳＤ器件的等电路和坐标位置电流函数表达式，并就ＰＳＤ器件在位移和三维运动测量中应用方式和应用范围进行了讨论。     

综合信息

美国ＴＲＷ公司获得制造３颗国防支援计划（ＤＳＰ）卫星的合同这项与空军签订的合同价值７．２亿美元。ＤＳＰ卫星是装有红外遥感器的早期预警卫星，休斯公司与马来西亚签订制造马来西亚东亚卫星合同这颗ＭＩＳＡＴ（ＭａｌａｙｓｉａＥａｓｔＡｓｉａＳａｔｅｌｌｉｔｅ）卫星有１２台转发器，选用自旋型ＨＳ—３７６型公用舱或是用于巴西卫星的宽体型ＨＳ－３７６Ｗ型公用舱。制造和发射ＭＩＳＡＴ卫星的费用约为２．８亿美元（共制造２颗，１颗为备份星）。马来西亚已和阿里安空间公司签订了该卫星的发射合同。目前休斯公司正在生产３７…     

欧空局将进行再入飞行器试验

欧空局计划于今年９月发射一个“阿波罗”型的再入飞行器。该飞行器的研制将为欧空局按照“较好、较快、较省”的原则发展新的航天器硬件摸索经验。欧空局的再入飞行器名为“ＡＲＤ——ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＲｅ－ｅｎｔｒｙＤｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｏｒ——大气再入验证器...     

支持多种查询语言的演绎数据库系统

介绍并讨论了当前演绎数据库的理论基础及实现方法，提出了一种基于松、紧耦合相结合的实现机制；讨论了自行研制的演绎数据库系统ＤＡＣ中知识表示的两级模式，简单介绍了ＤＡＣ的总体结构及其功能模块、两种演绎查询语言，并给出了一种基于有向图的递归查询算法。     

日提出地球观测卫星群新构思

最近，日本研究了世界上各国提出的多种小型对地观测卫星方案，提出了今后小型卫星与大型卫星互补的新思路，并正在加紧研制干涉测量双星合成孔径雷达卫星系统（ＳＩＤＵＳＳ：ＳＡＲＩｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｍｅｔｒｙＤｕａｌＳａｔｅｌ－ｌｉｔｅＳｙｓｔｅｍ）和国内城市区域观测卫星（ＤＵＯＳ：ＤｏｍｅｓｔｉｃＵｒｅａＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎＳａｔｅｌ－ｌｉｔｅ），用以组成卫星观测群，提高对地观测效果。１．干涉测量双星合成孔径雷达卫星系统（ＳＩＤＵＳＳ）它是利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术，由相距一定距离的轨道上的两颗卫星，…     

WVD用于SAR运动目标检测和成象的参数估计法

基于联合时间频率两维分布的研究方法，探讨了ＷＶＤ变换用于合成孔径雷达运动目标检测和成象的可行性，给出了能得到运动目标精细成象的参数估计方法，对多点目标和面目标情况下ＷＶＤ存在的问题进行了研究，计算机模拟验证了算法的有效性。     

美国军用卫星遥感技术(下)

４　气象和海况监测与预报□□由于缺乏作战地区当地的气象台站的资料,卫星气象监测作用显得更为突出。美国气象卫星主要是“国防气象支持计划”（ＤＭＳＰ）军用极轨气象卫星系列、“诺阿”（ＮＯＡＡ）民用极轨气象卫星系列和“戈斯”（Ｇｏｅｓ）民用静止气象卫星等。美国用于海况监测的主要卫星有海洋地形卫星Ｇｅｏｓａｔ系列、Ｔｏｐｅｘ／Ｐｏｓｅｉｄｏｎ系列以及日本先进地球观测卫星－１（Ａｄｅｏｓ－１）等。需要指出的是,为了减少重复,美国政府于１９９６年决定ＤＭＳＰ系列与ＮＯＡＡ系列合并,合并后可减少１３亿美元财政…     

Development of a campaign to study equatorial ionospheric phenomena over Guam

The United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) is in the process of developing a series of ground-based and space-based experiments to investigate the equatorial ionosphere over Guam and the southern crest of the Equatorial Appleton Anomaly over New Guinea. On the ground the Digital Ionospheric Sounder (University of Massachusetts, Lowell DPS-4 unit) and a dual-frequency GPS TEC/scintillation monitor will be used to investigate ionospheric phenomena in both campaign and long-term survey modes. In campaign mode, we will combine these observations with those collected from space during USAFA’s FalconSAT-3 and FalconSAT-5 low Earth orbit satellite missions, which will be active over a period of several years beginning in the first quarter of the 2007 calendar year. Additionally, we will investigate the long-term morphology of key ionospheric characteristics useful for driving the International Reference Ionosphere, such as critical frequencies (f_oE, f_oF1, f_oF2, etc.), the M(3000) F2 parameter (the maximum useable frequency for a signal refracted within the F2 layer and received on the ground at a distance of 3000 km away), and a variety of other characteristics. Specific targets of investigation include: (a) a comparison of TEC observed by the GPS receiver with those calculated by IRI driven by DPS-4 observations, (b) a comparison of plasma turbulence observed on-orbit with ionospheric conditions as measured from the ground, and (c) a comparison between topside ionospheric satellite in situ measurements of plasma density during an overpass of a Digisonde versus the calculated value based on extrapolation of the electron density profiles using Digisonde data and a topside α-Chapman function. This last area of investigation is discussed in detail in this paper.     

Ionospheric storm of September 2017 observed at ionospheric station Pruhonice,the Czech Republic

The ionospheric effects induced by the September 2017 storm have been exceptional compared to other events in the solar cycle 24. This paper gathers results of the ionospheric observations at the European middle latitude station Pruhonice. It consists of evaluation of ionospheric vertical and oblique sounding, Digisonde drift measurement, and data obtained from the Continuous Doppler Sounding System. We observed strong ionospheric response with an unusual stratification of ionospheric layers, Large Scale Traveling ionospheric disturbances, changes in electron density, and increase and oscillations in plasma drift velocity.     

Reconstruction of topside density profile by using the topside sounder model profiler and digisonde data

To improve the accuracy of the real time topside electron density profiles given by the Digisonde software a new model-assisted technique is used. This technique uses the Topside Sounder Model (TSM), which provides the plasma scale height (H_s), O⁺–H⁺ transition height (H_T), and their ratio Rt = H_s/H_T, derived from topside sounder data of Alouette and ISIS satellites. The Topside Sounder Model Profiler (TSMP) incorporates TSM and uses the model quantities as anchor points in construction of topside density (Ne) profiles. For any particular location, TSMP calculates topside Ne profiles by specifying the values of foF2 and hmF2. In the present version, TSMP takes the F2 peak characteristics – foF2, hmF2, and the scale height at hmF2 – from the Digisonde measurements. The paper shows results for the Digisonde stations Athens and Juliusruh. It is found that the topside scale height used in Digisonde reconstruction is less than that extracted from topside sounder profiles. Rough comparison of their bulk distributions showed that they differ by an average factor of 1.25 for locations of Athens and Juliusruh. When the Digisonde scale heights are adjusted by this factor, the reconstructed topside profiles are close to those provided by TSM. Compared with CHAMP reconstruction profiles in two cases, TSMP/Digisonde profiles show lower density between 400 and 2000 km.     

Digisonde observations of TIDs with frequency and angular sounding technique

A technique for studying ionospheric wavelike phenomena, primarily AGW/TID events, is developed based on the solution of the problem of radio wave propagation in ionospheric plasma disturbed by wavelike processes. A perfectly reflecting surface model is used for representing TIDs propagating at ionospheric heights. This technique is a generalization of the Frequency-and-Angular Sounding (FAS) method developed earlier for oblique TID diagnostics using transmitters of opportunity. Trial measurements were made in November 2003 with two DPS-4 systems at Millstone Hill Observatory, providing experimental validation of the developed method by comparing the results of disturbance diagnostics to those simultaneously obtained with the original (oblique) FAS method. The TID parameters recovered during the November 2003 campaign suggest that the observed disturbances predominately propagated equatorward which likely indicates their sources to be in the auroral region. The equatorward propagating AGW/TIDs are typical for disturbed geomagnetic conditions which were observed during the campaign. Implementation of the generalized FAS technique in the DPS sounder allowed development of a dedicated data acquisition system for ionospheric disturbance diagnostics. Routine measurements with the developed technique using the existing world-wide network of Digisondes (GIRO) will make it possible to conduct large-scale studies of the AGW/TID phenomena.     

海南地区电离层不规则体纬向漂移速度的观测和研究

根据中国海南富克(19.3°N,109.1°E)三点GPS观测系统2007年3月至11月的观测数据,利用互相关方法分析了三站闪烁信号的时间延迟,得出了不规则体纬向漂移的基本特征.在中国海南地区,闪烁主要发生在春秋季节,夜间不规则体的纬向漂移速度以东向为主,大小在50～150 m/s之间;平均东向漂移速度随时间呈下降趋势.另外,在闪烁刚发生时,不规则体纬向速度起伏较大,这可能与不规则体的随机起伏以及等离子体泡产生时垂直速度较大有关.中国海南地区不规则体纬向漂移速度的这些基本特征与低纬其他地区的测量结果较为一致.     

电离层不规则结构的等效厚度和漂移速度对闪烁功率谱的影响

利用由衍射基本原理导出的有限厚薄相屏弱闪烁信号强度的Fourier功率谱表达式研究了不规则结构等效厚度L和水平漂移速度V对Fourier功率谱的影响。结果表明,L加大,Fresnel振幅变小,Presnel半径不变;V加大,Fresnel振幅不变,Fresnel半径变大。功率极小值相应的频率值之比为1:1:2:3:…:n而不是√2:√3:…:√n,与实测资料分析结果一致。对实测闪烁功率谱进行了数值模拟。由此得到了实际电离层不规则结构等效厚度、漂移速度的数值。      

Ionospheric wave signature of the American solar eclipse on 21 August 2017 in Europe

A total solar eclipse occurred on 21 August 2017, with the path of totality starting over the North Pacific Ocean, crossing North-America and ending over the Mid-Atlantic Ocean slightly North of the equator. As a result, a partial solar eclipse was observed as far away as the Western Europe. The ionospheric observatory in Dourbes, Belgium, was right on the edge of the partial eclipse and was exposed for a very short period of only few minutes just before the local sunset. High-resolution ionospheric measurements were carried out at the observatory with collocated digital ionosonde and GNSS receivers. The data analysis revealed a clear wave-like pattern in the ionosphere that can be seen arriving before the local onset of the eclipse. The paper details the analysis and provides a possible explanation of the observed phenomenon.     

Responses of ionospheric foF2 to geomagnetic activities in Hainan

Responses of low-latitude ionospheric critical frequency of F2 layer to geomagnetic activities in different seasons and under different levels of solar activity are investigated by analyzing the ionospheric foF2 data from DPS-4 Digisonde in Hainan Observatory during 2002–2005. The results are as follows: (1) the response of foF2 to geomagnetic activity in Hainan shows obvious diurnal variation except for the summer in low solar activity period. Generally, geomagnetic activity will cause foF2 to increase at daytime and decrease at nighttime. The intensity of response of foF2 is stronger at nighttime than that at daytime; (2) seasonal dependence of the response of foF2 to geomagnetic activity is very obvious. The negative ionospheric storm effect is the strongest in summer and the positive ionospheric storm effect is the strongest in winter; (3) the solar cycle has important effect on the response of foF2 to geomagnetic activity in Hainan. In high solar activity period, the diurnal variation of the response of foF2 is very pronounced in each season, and the strong ionospheric response can last several days. In low solar activity period, ionospheric response has very pronounced diurnal variation in winter only; (4) the local time of geomagnetic activities occurring also has important effect on the responses of foF2 in Hainan. Generally, geomagnetic activities occurred at nighttime can cause stronger and longer responses of foF2 in Hainan.     

An analysis of the topside ionosphere parameters based on the long-duration Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar measurements

The topside ionosphere parameters are studied based on the long-duration Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar (52.9N, 103.3E) measurements conducted in September 2005, June and December 2007. As a topside ionosphere parameter we chose the vertical scale height (VSH) related to the gradient of the electron density logarithm above the peak height. For morphological studies we used median electron density profiles. Besides the median behavior we also studied VSH disturbances (deviations from median values) during the magnetic storm of September 11th 2005. We compared the Irkutsk incoherent scatter radar data with the Millstone Hill and Arecibo incoherent scatter radar observations, the IRI-2007 prediction (using the two topside options) and VSH derived from the Irkutsk DPS-4 Digisonde bottomside measurements.     

高精度多普勒频高图的获取和分析

电离层高频反射回波的多普勒频移是研究电离层扰动的一个重要参数。在数字测高仪探测中，高分辩率的多普勒频移一般在漂移测量中获得，但这种测量方式探测的频点少，不能获得扰动的高度剖面；而在频高图模式下，虽然工作的频点多，能够获得电子浓度的高度剖面的信息，但探测的多普勒频移的分辩率低，无法用来精确检测电离层扰动。实际的电离层高频回波一般为窄带信号，由此本文中提出了一种新的分析方法，利用DGS-256数字测高仪频高图模式下记录的16个多普勒通道的数据，通过反傅里叶变换还原成时域信号，采用最小二乘法估计相邻时间点的相位差，获得高精度多普勒频高图。作为实例，利用该方法分析武汉电离层观象台数字测高仪观测站的观测数据，得到了多频点的多普勒频移曲线。结果表明：在DGS-256数字测高仪频高图模式下能够得到高精度多普勒频高图，这在电离层扰动探测和研究中很在意义。