CHINA'S NAVIGATION SATELLITES SERVE ROAD TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

State Administration of Work Safety held a technological appraisal conference on Application System for the Monitoring and Management of the Road Transportation of Dangerous Goods on August 8, 2004. During two months' operation, the system has been widely praised and the navigation satellite application market has a bright future.     

Microstructure and Properties of Low-pressure Cold Sprayed Al-based Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy Surface

Pure Al and Al-30% Al2O3 composite coatings are prepared on the surface of AZ31B magnesium alloy by low-pressure cold spraying. The morphology and structure of the coatings are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the effects of the addition of Al2O3 on the microstructure of the Al-based coatings are discussed. The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings are fully evaluated by the micro-hardness tester, electronic tensile machine, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the coating structure is more uniform and denser, and the porosity is significantly reduced after the addition of Al2O3. The interfaces between the coatings and the magnesium alloy substrate are distinct, and the coatings and the substrate are mechanically combined. Compared with the pure Al coating, the microhardness of the Al-Al2O3 composite coating is increased to 61.1 HV0.2, and the bonding strength reaches above 53.1 MPa. The self-corrosion potential of the two coatings is higher than that of the magnesium alloy, and the self-corrosion current density is significantly lower than that of the magnesium alloy substrate. The Al-based coatings prepared by low-pressure cold spraying have high hardness, good bonding strength, and good corrosion resistance, which can be used for the repair and protection of magnesium alloy structural parts.     

Development of China's Application Satellites

The development of China's space technology has been the focus of the world attention. Since the successful launch of DFH-1 artificial earth satellite on April 24, 1970, China has sent 33 indigenous satellites, including scientific experimental satellites, technical experimental satellites and meteorological satellites. All the experimental and operational satellites have played an important role in the construction of national economy and defense, and provided the advanced prapagation instruments for China's science, culture and education, and people both in cities and countries could watch TV andlisten to the radio and take part in telelecture. This has improved the cultural quality of the whole nation and accelerated the development of the four modernizations.     

Recent Developments on Damage and Fracture of Thin-Walled Complex Components Produced by Spinning

The spinning technique has been widely used in the manufacture of aerospace thin-walled axisymmetric components because of its excellent formability. Damage and fracture, as the important defects that often occur and must be avoided in the forming and service stages of components, have attracted much attention of researchers. In this paper, the fracture behavior and laws of spinning components such as conical parts, tubular parts, and components with inner ribs are summarized, the typical coupled and uncoupled ductile fracture models are introduced, and their applications in spinning are analyzed. Meanwhile, the recent developments on the modified ductile fracture model in analyzing damage and fracture mechanisms of spinning are emphatically introduced. The results could provide guidance for the selection and establishment of appropriate ductile fracture models in the finite element simulation for the accurate prediction and analysis of fracture moment, location, form, damage mechanism, and evolution law, and help the development of precision spinning techniques for high-performance thin-walled complex components.     

Research on Residual Stress Measurement of Magnesium Alloy Cabin Castings

Owing to the nonuniform wall thickness and complex internal structure， the measurement of the residual stress on magnesium alloy cabin castings is complex and difficult extremely， and thus seldom research has focused on the residual stress of magnesium alloy castings. In this paper， the blind-hole method， the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method， and the contour method are used to conduct comprehensive and systematic residual stress tests for a magnesium alloy cabin casting. The results show that the residual stress on the surface of the casting obtained by the blind-hole method is between -20.03 MPa and -71.03 MPa， the residual stress obtained by the XRD method is between -26.01 MPa and -87.11 MPa， while the residual stress obtained by the contour method is between -45.89 MPa and 76.87 MPa. The study can lay a basis for the subsequent research of magnesium alloy cabin castings， and provide a reference for the residual stress test of magnesium alloy castings.     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.     

Repair Welding of Casting Magnesium Alloys： A Review

Magnesium (Mg) alloys have broad application prospects in the fields of aerospace, national defense, and military industries, owing to their advantages of high specific strength and stiffness, good damping properties, and excellent castabilities. However, defects such as oxidation inclusions, shrinkage cavities and porosities, and hot cracks are readily generated in Mg alloy components, which seriously reduce the performance stability of the products. Related repair welding technologies for Mg alloys can greatly reduce the rejection rate and production cost, and exhibit significant value in scientific research and engineering application. In this review, the weldability of Mg alloys is introduced firstly according to their physical and chemical properties. Then, various repair welding technologies and pre-weld treatments applicable to Mg alloys are systematically summarized, and the effects of welding parameters as well as heat treatments on the microstructure and performance of the repaired joints are clarified. Finally, the existing problems and development trends of repair welding technologies for Mg alloys are summarized based on the actual engineering application requirements.     

Applications of Magnesium Alloys in Aerospace and Aviation

Magnesium alloys are well applied in aerospace and aviation because of their mass saving potential, good electromagnetic shielding performance, and high damping capacity. To further promote the applications, in this paper, the applications of magnesium alloys are reviewed, which could provide insights for researchers and application designers. Firstly, the applications in aerospace are reviewed, including missile, satellite, rocket, and spacecraft. Secondly, the applications and commercial magnesium alloys in aviation are summarized. Thirdly, the bottleneck and existing problems for such magnesium alloys applied in aerospace and aviation are discussed. The requirements for the magnesium alloy performance in aerospace and aviation are evaluated and elaborated.     

Multilevel Tests and Measurement Evaluation Methods for the Application of Composite Materials in Spacecraft Structures

With the implementation of new-generation launch vehicles, space stations, lunar and deep space exploration, etc., the development of spacecraft structures will face new challenges. In order to reduce the spacecraft weight and increase the payload, composite material structures will be widely used. It is difficult to evaluate the strength and life of composite materials due to their complex mechanism and various phenomena in damage and failure. Meanwhile, the structures of composite materials used in spacecrafts will bear complex loads, including the coupling loads of tension, pressure, bending, shear, and torsion. Static loads, thermal loads, and vibration loads may occur at the same time, which asks for verification requirements to ensure the structure safety. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a systematic multi-level experimental study. In this paper, the building block approach (BBA) is used to investigate the multilevel composite material structures for spacecrafts. The advanced measurement technology is adopted based on digital image correlation (DIC) and piezoelectric and optical fiber sensors to measure the composite material structure deformation. The virtual experiment technology is applied to provide sufficient and reliable data for the evaluation of the composite material structures of spacecrafts.     

Analysis on the Bonding Failure Mechanism of High Modulus Carbon Fiber Composites

In order to explore the bonding failure mechanism of high modulus carbon fiber composite materials， the tensile experiment and finite element numerical simulation for single-lap and bevel-lap joints of unidirectional laminates are carried out， and the stress distributions， the failure modes， and the damage contours are analyzed. The analysis shows that the main reason for the failure of the single-lap joint is that the stress concentration of the ply adjacent to the adhesive layer is serious owing to the modulus difference， and the stress cannot be effectively transmitted along the thickness direction of the laminate. When the tensile stress of the ply exceeds its ultimate strength in the loading process， the surface fiber will fail. Compared with the single-lap joint， the bevel-lap joint optimizes the stress transfer path along the thickness direction， allows each layer of the laminate to share the load， avoids the stress concentration of the surface layer， and improves the bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint. The improved bearing capacity of the bevel-lap joint is twice as much as that of the single-lap joint. The research in this paper provides a new idea for the subsequent study of mechanical properties of adhesively bonded composite materials.     

Lightweight Design of Spaceborne CFRP Rigid Antenna Reflector

In order to overcome the shortcoming of space-borne rigid antenna reflector made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) skins with aluminum honeycomb sandwich (SAHS) structure, a new type of full CFRP skin plus rib (SPR) structure ring-focused parabolic surface antenna reflector with the size of 2.5 m 1.9 m is designed. Under the condition that the original caliber, surface type, and interface remain unchanged, the main influence factors are designed and controlled. First, from the perspective of high stiffness, lightweight, and easy to form, a finite element simulation software is used to analyze and optimize the layout of the rib, the cross-sectional shape of the rib, the size of the rib, and the matching of the size and the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the rib and the skin. Second, two structures are prepared by the autoclave molding process. Third, the weight and the surface precision root mean square (RMS) value are measured. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the SPR structure is 142.2 Hz, which is 3.5 Hz higher;the number of the new structural parts is reduced by 40%, and the forming process is greatly simplified. The total weight of the new structure is 11.9 kg, lighter 42.5%, indicating that the weight loss is obvious. The RMS value is 0.15 mm, which is slightly lower 0.01 mm but satisfies the accuracy requirement not greater than 0.3 mm. It is proved that the SPR structure reflector is a superior structure of the lightweight spaceborne antenna reflector.     

China's HY-2 Shore-to-Ship Missile System

The paper describes the main tactical and technical performances as well as the leading features of China's HY-2 shore-to-ship missile system.From this paper,the readers can get better understanding of the missile's aerodynamic configuration,guidance and control modes and its warhead,engines and follow-on versions The article also deals with the fire and technical position facilities and equipment of the weapon system.     

CASC Show Strengths In Four Major Sectors Through Airshow China 2008

The 7th Zhuhai Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition,or Airshow China 2008,saw a grand opening on Nov.4,2008 in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province.Zhang Dejiang, Member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CCCPC)and Vice Premier of the State Council,attended the opening ceremony and declared the opening of the airshow.Wang Yang, Member of CCCPC and Secretary of CPC Guangdong Provincial Committee,     

3rd Steering Committee Meeting of IAA Studies Center Held

IAA Studies Center in China (IAA Studies Center) 3rd Steering Committee meeting was held on March 12 to report work of 2012 and the work plan for 2013. Chairman of the Steering Committee and CASC President Ma Xingrui, vice chairman Xu Guanhua and Liu Jiyuan and members of the steering committee attended the meeting. The Steering Committee also highly praised the work of IAA Studies Center in 2012 and proposed valuable comments and suggestions for the future development of the studies center.     

China's C601 Air-to-Ship Missile System

This article introduces the composition and characteristics of China's C601 air-to-ship missile weapon system and describes in detail the functions of the missile-borne equipment and launching process of the missile.The technical position and related airfield facilities of the system are also presented here briefly.     

The Application of Meteorosat FY-1

On Sept. 3, 1990, China successfully launched the FY-1 (B) which is the second meteorological satellite of the FY-1 series. This paper describes its characteristics and applications in the fields of meteorology and climatology , natural resources survey and environment and natural disaster monitoring. It also discusses the trend of China's meteorological satellite.     

Investigation on Thermal and Dimensional Stability of Epoxy Resin In-Situ Modified by Cyanate Ester Resin and Polydimethylsiloxane

The thermal and dimensional stability of epoxy resin (EP) in-situ modified by cyanate ester (CE) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are investigated by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) are used to analyze the heat resistance of the modified EP. The dimensional stability is characterized by the volume shrinkage of the series PDMS/CE/EP obtained by the density method. The chemical structure of the PDMS/CE/EP is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of TGA and DSC indicate that the thermal stability of PDMS/CE/EP decreases firstly and then increases with the increase in the amount of CE. The addition of PDMS shows a slight effect on the thermal stability. The 40% CE makes the blending system exhibit the lowest initial decomposition temperature, which reduces by 15.5% and 40.8% compared with pure EP and CE, respectively. The FTIR results suggested that the influence of CE on the thermal stability of the modified EP is mainly ascribed to the generation of oxazolidinone ring with low thermal stability and the increase in the triazine ring with high thermal stability. The volume shrinkage measurement results show that the introduction of CE and PDMS are both beneficial to the improvement of the dimensional stability of the blending systems. The in-situ addition of 80% CE shows the lowest volume shrinkage of 6.11%. The thermal stress distribution of PDMS/CE/EP generated during the solidification process is simulated by the finite element analysis. The results suggested that the introduction of 80% CE into EP results in the lowest thermal stress in the blending system, which indicates that the system has the lowest volume shrinkage, which agrees well with the experimental results.     

China Developed Third-Generation CRDS

<正>After four years of effort,the Beijing Institute of Control Engineering completed the development of the thirdgeneration camera type rendezvous and docking sensor(CRDS)for imaging and measurement of the spaceship and the target spacecraft at short range during rendezvous and docking.CRDS consists of a camera onboard the spaceship and a target designator onboard the target spacecraft.The relative position     

Microstructure and Hot Deformation Behavior of Mg-9Al-3Si-0.375Sr-0.78Y Alloy

Using Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator， the high temperature plastic deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of Mg-9Al-3Si-0.375Sr-0.78Y alloy are investigated at the temperature of 523 K?673 K and the strain rate of 10-3 s-1?10 s-1. True strain-true stress curves show the characteristics of the typical dynamically recrystallization process. The Arrhenius constitutive equation of the hyperbolic model is established. The average activation energy and the strain rate sensitivity index are， respectively， 221.578 kJ.mol-1 and 0.137. The result shows that the α-Mg phase exhibits dynamic recrystallization (DRX) characteristics obviously. But no DRX occurs in theβ-Mg17Al12 phase. Hot deformation does not affect the primary Mg2Si phase. Under the conditions of low temperature (523 K?673 K) and high strain rate (1 s-1?10 s-1)， the flow instability and macro-defects such as crack appear in the specimens. However， there are finer recrystallization grains. Under the conditions of high temperature (≥673 K) or low strain rate， the microstructure of the alloy shows good homogeneity. The size of the primary Mg2Si phase is uniform， the size of the β-Mg17Al12 phase is small， and the distribution of the β-Mg17Al12 phase is uniform.     

China's Communications and Broadcasting Satellites

China is a developing countrywith a large population and the e-conomic development level in theprovinces and the autonomous re-gions is quite different.On theother hand,the transmission ofthe broadcasting and TV pro-grams via satellites has the follow-ing advantages:large coverage,high transmission quality and rea-sonable cost-effectiveness.There-fore,the satellite communicationsis the most advanced and effectiveway to realize full territory coverage of broadcasting and TV pro-grams in China. China began to develop com-munications satellites immediatelyafter it successfully launched its