海口站电离层闪烁强度功率谱分析与建模应用

基于中国海口站(20.00°N, 110.33°E)获取的2013全年UHF 频段电离层闪烁信号强度数据, 利用Welch算法, 分析给出了四类典型电离层闪 烁强度功率谱. 利用功率谱时序图分析方法, 发现电离层不均匀体存在东西向水 平周期性变化结构. 提取全年功率谱指数p, 通过统计分析发现谱指数p存在规律变化, 据此建立一个谱指数经验模型, 该谱指数模型已用于中国低纬 区域电离层闪烁发生预报概率模型(CMSOP), 进而对海口站UHF频段电离层闪烁发生 概率观测数据和预报结果进行了对比分析.      

新乡上空Es层不均匀体的闪烁特性

本文介绍新乡1989和1990年夏季ES层不均匀体引起的ETS-II卫星136MHz信号幅度闪烁的观测结果。揭示了闪烁出现与f₀E_s的关系、闪烁强度和持续时间的概率分布、准周期性闪烁特点以及闪烁谱特征。导出了ES层不均匀体的尺度和漂移速度等物理特性。      

电离层闪烁谱特征分析

本文给出了斜入射和不均匀体各向异性情形下的闪烁强度时间频谱的理论表达式。得出在各向异性不均匀介质中传播的信号,其闪烁谱在低频端既有下降的,又有平坦的,具体视传播的几何条件而定,其中传播角的影响尤为显著。据此,较好地解释了在广州、武昌、新乡等地观测到的ETS～Ⅱ卫星VHF信号闪烁谱在低频端的不同特征。      

磁赤道异常区电离层F区不均匀体发展过程中的闪烁谱研究

本文对我国磁赤道异常区海口站的夜间电离层不均匀体引起的闪烁进行了谱分析，并进行了理论模拟。大部分闪烁出现在午夜前后且持续时间较长。分析结果发现：这种持续时间较长的闪烁的末期和初期的闪烁谱结构有显著差异，末期闪烁谱高频段较初期要明显陆峭，即谱指数显著增大。由此推测出不均匀体发展末期费涅耳尺度以下的不均匀体首先衰减消失，这与国外某些轨道卫星就地测量结果大致相符。同时还从闪烁谱推测出不均匀体发展末期的漂     

电离层不规则结构的等效厚度和漂称速度对闪烁功率谱的影响

利用由衍射基本原理导出的有限厚薄相屏弱闪烁信号强度的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ功率谱表达式研究了不规则结构等效厚度Ｌ和水平漂移速度Ｖ对Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ功率谱的影响。结果表明，Ｌ加大，Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ振幅变小，Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ半径不变；Ｖ加大，Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ振幅不变，Ｆｒｅｓｎｅｌ半径变大，功率极小值相应的频率值之比为１：２：３：…：ｎ＾１／２，与实测资料分析结果一致。对实测闪烁功率谱进行了数值模拟，由此得到了实际电     

宇宙噪声的电离层闪烁与电离层不规则结构的结构参数

利用宇宙噪声是均匀的。各向同性的背景电磁辐射的假设,对电子密度涨落空间分布波数谱为负幂律函数的电离层不规则结构,用射线光学方法导出了闪烁功率谱的表示式。与射电星和轨道人造卫星信标的电离层闪烁相比,减少了因相对运动弓队的变量。用数值计算方法研究了电离层不规则结构的结构参量L_y、l_y、p、η对功率谱的影响。与实测资料比较,发现电离层吸收事件期间且Riometer记录的闪烁资料中,60%以上相应的不规则结构有L_y>103,η>η₀(0.2<η₀<0.5).      

极区F层不规则结构的分形模型

本文利用1986年9—12月期间17个电离层吸收事件的Riometer资料计算了电离层闪烁强度的Fourier谱和Bessel谱。求出了谱遵从的k~(-β)型函数的β值,1.8<β<2.5,平均为2.1;求出了不规则结构的漂移速度平均为129m/s。计算了各个事件的闪烁指数S_4<0.4。求出相位涨落空间谱,且指出其也遵从幂型函数k~(-α)规律。根据上述结果,本文提出极区F层不规则结构为分立的分形,不是分立的“斑块”。利用β值求出分形的分数维D=2.45。给出了不规则结构的近似分形模型。     

电离层不规则结构的等效厚度和漂移速度对闪烁功率谱的影响

利用由衍射基本原理导出的有限厚薄相屏弱闪烁信号强度的Fourier功率谱表达式研究了不规则结构等效厚度L和水平漂移速度V对Fourier功率谱的影响。结果表明,L加大,Fresnel振幅变小,Presnel半径不变;V加大,Fresnel振幅不变,Fresnel半径变大。功率极小值相应的频率值之比为1:1:2:3:…:n而不是√2:√3:…:√n,与实测资料分析结果一致。对实测闪烁功率谱进行了数值模拟。由此得到了实际电离层不规则结构等效厚度、漂移速度的数值。      

根据行星际闪烁观测研究耀斑—激波前后太阳风电子密度功率谱的变化

采用弱散射与薄屏近似模型，利用快速傅利叶变换和阿贝尔变换的方法，对１９７２年６月１５日耀斑－激波的行星际闪烁观测资料进行了计算，分别计算了激波前与激波后的电子密度功率谱，发现在小波数段都具有幂函数形式，并且波后幂指数值略大于波前幂指数值。说明此例激波后小波数段功率谱略变陡。     

第24太阳活动周中国地区电离层闪烁统计特性研究

利用第24太阳活动周中国多个地区GNSS电离层闪烁监测站数据,统计分析中国中低纬地区电离层闪烁特性.结果显示:电离层闪烁主要发生在春秋分及夜间20:00—02:00LT时段;在28°N以南地区,纬度越低电离层闪烁强度和发生概率越高;电离层闪烁发生概率与太阳活动呈正相关,太阳活动上升年电离层闪烁发生概率高于下降年;不同强度地磁活动条件下,电离层闪烁均可能发生,且与地磁活动强度整体呈负相关.通过研究电离层闪烁统计特性,可以为电离层闪烁机理的深入研究、预报及工程应用提供参考.      

太阳活动低年广州地区地磁扰动与电离层闪烁的统计特征分析

基于肇庆地磁台的地磁监测数据和广州气象卫星地面站建立的华南地区GPS电离层闪烁监测网的监测数据, 统计分析了2008年7月至2010年7月太阳活动低年期间广州地区地磁扰动与电离层闪烁的关系. 用肇庆台地磁水平分量H的变化量换算出肇庆地磁指数K, 以此来代表广州地区地磁扰动情况.分析结果表明, 磁暴/强地磁扰动对广州地区电离层闪烁的发生总体表现为抑制作用, 电离层闪烁主要发生在低K值期间, 而在K ≥ 4时电离层闪烁的发生呈下降趋势. 电离层闪烁发生率随季节和地磁活动的变化规律表现在, 春季的弱闪烁发生率、夜间中等以上闪烁发生率和夏季中等以上闪烁的发生率明显与地磁活动指数K相关, 即随$K$指数的增大而减小; 在秋季和冬季闪烁发生率与K指数变化无明显关系. 同时还综合分析了地磁与太阳活动的变化对电离层活动的影响, 广州地区闪烁主要发生在太阳活动较低的磁静日期间.      

赤道电离层F区底部准正弦型不均匀体引起闪烁的数值模拟

本文采用多重相屏模型, 考虑不均匀体特征尺度随高度的变化, 模拟了赤道电离层F区底部准正弦型(BSS)不均匀体引起的闪烁。模拟计算结果表明:BSS不均匀体的特征尺度随高度变化可以导致闪烁谱和不均匀体谱之间谱指数的显著差异。      

基于GPS的广州地区电离层不规则体纬向漂移速度计算分析

利用广州站组建的两台短间距GPS电离层闪烁监测仪的观测数据, 分别对GPS卫星信号强度用功率谱和短间距台链互相关性两种方法计算了3次闪烁事件电离层不规则体的漂移速度. 分析结果表明, 同一不规则体会引起两台站闪烁事件的同时发生, 两种方法测量不规则体漂移速度通常在50～160m/s之间, 平均大小均在120m/s左右, 且纬向漂移速度在闪烁初期起伏较明显, 速度随闪烁时间有下降的趋势, 夜间纬向漂移方向由西向东, 广州地区漂移速度特性符合低纬其他地区不规则体漂移速度特征, 两种计算方法合理有效.      

Investigation of ionospheric irregularities and scintillation using TEC at high latitude

The occurrence of ionospheric irregularities at high latitudes, with dimensions of several kms down to decameter scale size shows strong correlation with geomagnetic disturbance, season and solar activity. Transionospheric radio waves propagating through these irregularities experience rapid random fluctuations in phase and/or amplitude of the signal at the receiver, termed scintillation, which can degrade GNSS services. Thus, investigation and prediction of this scintillation effect is very important. To investigate such scintillation effects, a GISTM (GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitoring) NovAtel dual frequency (L1/L2) GPS receiver has been installed at Trondheim, Norway (63.41°$63.41°$ N, 10.4°$10.4°$ E), capable of collecting scintillation indices at a 1 min rate as well as the raw data (phase and intensity) of the satellite signals at a 50 Hz sampling rate and TEC (Total Electron Content) at a 1 Hz rate. Many researchers have reported that both phase and amplitude scintillation is closely associated with TEC fluctuations or associated with a significant developing enhancement or depletion in the TEC. In this study, a novel analogous phase index is developed which provides samples at a 1 min rate. Generally the scintillation indices can help in estimating the irregularity scintillation effect at a one minute rate, but such procedures are time consuming if DFTs of the phase and/or amplitude at a 50 Hz data are required. In this study, instead, this analogous phase index is estimated from 1 Hz rate TEC values obtained from the raw signals and is then compared for weak, moderate and strong scintillation at Trondheim for one year of data collected from the installed GPS receiver. The spectral index of the irregularities (that is the inverse power law of their spatial spectrum) is determined from the resultant phase scintillation psd. The correlations of the scintillation indices and spectral indices with the analogous phase index have been investigated under different geomagnetic conditions (represented by the Kp index) and an approximate linear correlation of phase scintillation with the analogous phase index was found. Then a principal advantage of this index is that it achieves this correlation without requiring a high sampling data rate and the need for DFTs. Thus, the index seems a good candidate for developing a simple means of ionospheric scintillation prediction which could also be utilized in the development of alerts using regional mappings.     

High resolution spectroscopy of X-ray emission from high mass X-ray binaries

This article briefly reviews first the progress of spectroscopy in X-ray astronomy from proportional counters, a major instrument in early phase of X-ray astronomy, to gas scintillation proportional counters, X-ray CCD cameras, transmission and reflection gratings, and finally to X-ray micro-calorimeters. As a typical example of spectral features observed from high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), the spectra observed from Vela X-1 with Chandra grating spectrometers are then presented and compared with computer simulations for high mass binary systems.     

华南地区电离层闪烁的时空分布特征研究

利用位于赤道异常区的广州(23.17°N, 113.34°E)和茂名(21.45°N, 111.31°E)两台站2011年7月至2012年6月观测到的GPS电离层闪烁数据, 分析比较了这两地电离层闪烁出现的逐月变化及地方时变化和空间分布特征. 结果表明, 中等强度闪烁(S₄ > 0.4)和强闪烁(S₄ > 0.6)的出现均呈现明显季节分布规律, 两站的闪烁活动均表现出春秋强, 冬夏弱的特点, 在时间上主要发生在20:00LT-24:00LT; 从空间分布来看, 两站的闪烁活动在2011年秋季, 闪烁出现的区域比较分散, 而在2012年春季, 主要在两站上空区域出现的闪烁最为频繁.      

GPS scintillation and TEC depletion near the northern crest of equatorial anomaly over South China

This study presents a statistical analysis of GPS L-band scintillation with data observed from July 2008 to March 2012 at the northern crest of equatorial anomaly stations in Guangzhou and Shenzhen of South China. The variations of the scintillation with local time, season, solar activity and duration of scintillation patches were investigated. The relationship between the scintillation and TEC depletion was also reported. Our results revealed that GPS scintillation occurred from 19:30 LT (pre-midnight) to 03:00 LT (post-midnight). During quiet solar activity years, the scintillation was only observed in pre-midnight hours of equinox months and patches durations were mostly less than 60 min. During high solar activity years, more scintillation occurred in the pre-midnight hours of equinox and winter months; and GPS scintillation started to occur in the post-midnight hours of summer and winter. The duration of scintillation patches extended to 180 min in high solar activity years. Solar activity had a larger effect to strong scintillations (S₄ > 0.6) than to weak scintillations (0.6 ? S₄ > 0.2). Strong scintillations were accompanied by TEC depletion especially in equinox months. We also discussed the relationship between TEC depletion and plasma bubble.     

GPS phase difference variation statistics: A comparison between phase scintillation index and proxy indices

Scintillated GPS phase observations are traditionally characterized by the phase scintillation index, derived from specialized GPS receivers usually tracking at 50 Hz. Geodetic quality GPS receivers, on the other hand, are normally tracking at frequencies up to 1 Hz. However, availability of continuously operating geodetic receivers both in time and geographical location are superior to scintillation receiver’s coverage in many parts of the world. This motivates scintillation studies using regional and global geodetic GPS networks. Previous studies have shown the usefulness of GPS estimated total electron content variations for detecting ionospheric irregularities. In this paper, collocated geodetic and scintillation receivers are employed to compare proxy indices derived from geodetic receivers with the phase scintillation index during quiet and moderately disturbed ionospheric conditions. Sensitivity of the phase scintillation indices at high latitude stations to geomagnetic activity is discussed. Global mapping of ionospheric disturbances using proxy indices from real-time 1 Hz GPS stations are also presented.