Closed-loop dynamic control allocation for aircraft with multiple actuators

A closed-loop control allocation method is proposed for a class of aircraft with multiple actuators. Nonlinear dynamic inversion is used to design the baseline attitude controller and derive the desired moment increment. And a feedback loop for the moment increment produced by the deflections of actuators is added to the angular rate loop, then the error between the desired and actual moment increment is the input of the dynamic control allocation. Subsequently, the stability of the closed-loop dynamic control allocation system is analyzed in detail. Especially, the closedloop system stability is also analyzed in the presence of two types of actuator failures: loss of effectiveness and lock-in-place actuator failures, where a fault detection subsystem to identify the actuator failures is absent. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a canard rotor/wing (CRW) aircraft model in fixed-wing mode, which has multiple actuators for flight control. The nonlinear simulation demonstrates that this method can guarantee the stability and tracking performance whether the actuators are healthy or fail.     

电传操纵飞机起飞着陆动态特性仿真研究

 以刚体系动力学理论为依据,结合飞机起飞着陆运动学特征,建立了起落架-机身组合刚体6自由度全量飞机方程。提出的阶跃跟踪驾驶员时域数学模型,有助于评价起飞着陆阶段人-机系统的飞行品质。然后建立机械操纵系统、电传操纵系统的数学模型,并编制非线性全量时域仿真程序,对起飞着陆动态特性做出了综合的全面的定量分析,其结果与试飞情况吻合。     

Nonlinear adaptive and sliding mode flight path control of F/A-18 model

The question of inertial trajectory control of aircraft in the three-dimensional space is discussed. It is assumed that the nonlinear aircraft model has uncertain aerodynamic derivatives. The control system is decomposed into a variable structure outer loop and an adaptive inner loop. The outer-loop feedback control system accomplishes (x,y,z) position trajectory and sideslip angle control using the derivative of thrust and three angular velocity components (p,q,r) as virtual control inputs. Then an adaptive inner feedback loop is designed, which produces the desired angular rotations of aircraft using aileron, elevator, and rudder control surfaces to complete the maneuver. Simplification in the inner-loop design is obtained based on a two-time scale (singular perturbation) design approach by ignoring the derivative of the virtual angular velocity vector, which is a function of slow variables. These results are applied to a simplified F/A-18 model. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system asymptotic trajectory control is accomplished in spite of uncertainties in the model at different flight conditions.     

再循环对飞机空调系统性能影响分析

结合国内民航客机环境控制系统的研制需求,利用热力学理论建立了再循环系统各附件数学模型,并编制了系统仿真程序。通过仿真对再循环系统设计参数与空调系统的稳、动态指标之间的影响因素进行了研究,并得出再循环系统的设计原则和参数选取范围。将其结论应用于某型飞机环境控制系统的研制中,效果良好。     

基于膜除湿的飞机新型环境控制系统模拟研究

提出了一种采用高压空气膜除湿组件的飞机新型环境控制系统(ECS).在分析了系统工作原理的基础上,建立了该系统中各主要部件的数学模型,并采用分块建模的思想,开发了该新型环境控制系统的计算机仿真模型库,并与传统高压除水飞机环境控制系统进行了性能仿真比较.仿真结果表明:所开发的模型库具有良好的动态响应性能和稳态值;与传统系统...     

Neural and fuzzy reconstructors for the virtual flight datarecorder

The results are presented of a comparative study evaluating the performance of neural network (NN) and fuzzy logic reconstructors (FLRs) for the development of a virtual flight data recorder (VFDK). Typical flight data recorders (FDRS) on commercial airliners do not record the aircraft control surface deflections. These dynamic parameters are critical in the investigation of an accident or an uncommanded maneuver. The results are shown relative to a VFDR based on a neural network simulator (NNS) along with a neural network reconstructor (NNR) or a FLR The NNS is trained off-line, using available flight data for the particular aircraft, for the purpose of simulating any desired dynamic output recorded in current FDRs. The NNS is then interfaced with the NNR or with the FLR. The output of the two reconstructors are the control surface deflections which minimize a performance index based on the differences between the available data from the FDR and the output from the NNS. The study tested with night data from a B737-300 shows that both schemes, the one with the NNR and the one with the FLR, provide accurate reconstructions of the control surface deflections time histories     

飞机环境控制系统动态仿真

飞机环境控制系统动态研究是高性能环境控制系统设计的重要内容。以热动力学为理论基础 ,建立了飞机环境控制系统主要部件的动态特性数学模型 ,同时在 MATLAB平台上进行二次开发 ,自行编制了环境控制系统动态仿真工具箱 ( ECS 1 .0 ) ,并针对某先进战斗机环境控制系统的动态性能进行了研究 ,计算值与实验数据吻合较好     

飞机液压系统流量压力负载模拟

流量压力负载模拟是模拟飞机各个液压功能子系统工作时所需要流量和压力的半物理仿真.阐述了飞机流量压力负载模拟的工作原理和控制难点,推导了流量压力控制阀的数学模型以及试验系统的数学模型,并做了合理的线性化,采用智能模糊PI控制算法设计控制器,在MATLAB中对算法进行了仿真,并应用在实际工程中.仿真和试验结果表明,该控制算...     

一种多操纵面复合控制的动态分配策略研究

随着航空航天技术的迅速发展,现代飞行器常采用多种操纵面进行控制,以提高飞行性能。基于多操纵面控制的姿态控制系统,需要将控制量在各操纵面之间进行分配。然而由于不同操纵面的执行机构在摆角范围、舵面效能、负载特性等多个方面存在差异,单一的分配策略难以实现姿态控制系统的综合性能最优,甚至会影响到控制系统的稳定性。针对上述问题,提出了一种适应多种约束要求的目标函数构造方法,并在此基础上,研究了自适应动态加权最优分配策略,最后通过数学仿真试验对比验证了该分配策略的有效性。     

Application of neural networks for synthesizing flight control algorithms. I neural network inverse dynamics method for aircraft flight control

The application of artificial neural networks for aircraft motion control, in particular, for creation of nonlinear algorithms of the aircraft remote control system (RCS) is considered. Aircraft as a control object is represented as a multidimensional nonlinear dynamic system and nonlinear control methods are used to operate this system. The control loop is constructed using the method of inverse dynamics based on the feedback linearization principle. The nonlinear control law is represented as a neural network being learned (adjusted) by recorded or incoming measurements of motion parameters. Synthesis and testing of neural network control algorithms is performed with the fully nonlinear mathematical model of a maneuverable aircraft for three control channels. Simulation results of the closed system are presented.     

THE DECOUPLING CONTROL FORAIRCRAFT IN RAPID ROLL

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民用飞机驾驶舱布置对比分析研究

当今民航最主流飞机制造商为空客和波音两家,以A320和波音737-800两种典型机型为例,对比分析驾驶舱内总体布置和细节布置的差异,并从设计师的角度提出了对民机驾驶舱布置设计的建议,为国内设计大型客机驾驶舱提供参考。     

基于EHA的多轮系飞机刹车系统的建模与仿真

介绍了一种采用电动静液作动器(EHA)代替原有液压作动机构的飞机多轮系防滑刹车系统,在重点分析EHA的系统组成原理和工作特性的基础上.建立了EHA及多轮系飞机刹车系统的数学模型,采用Matlab/simulink对其进行仿真.仿真结果表明:所建立的模型基本正确,结果与真实刹车基本吻合;采用EHA代替液压系统能极大改善飞机刹车性能.     

弹性飞机在不平的跑道上起飞和着陆的数字模拟

本文研究了用Kane方程来建立包括起落架机构的弹性飞机系统动力方程的方法。给出了跑道表面的两种计算模型。然后,讨论了弹性飞机在起飞和着陆过程中的姿态、速度、加速度和动载荷的数字模拟方法,计及起落架诸大构件的惯性力和惯性力矩对飞机系统运动的影响。作为一个简单的例子,本文模拟了KC-135飞机的对称起飞和着陆。     

Numerical simulation of RCS for carrier electronic warfare airplanes

This paper studies the radar cross section(RCS) of carrier electronic warfare airplanes.Under the typical naval operations section, the mathematical model of the radar wave’s pitch angle incidence range analysis is established. Based on the CATIA software, considering dynamic deflections of duck wing leading edge flaps, flaperons, horizontal tail, and rudder, as well as aircraft with air-to-air missile, anti-radiation missile, electronic jamming pod, and other weapons, the 3D models of carrier electronic warfare airplanes Model A and Model B with weapons were established. Based on the physical optics method and the equivalent electromagnetic flow method, by the use of the RCSAnsys software, the characteristics of carrier electronic warfare airplanes’ RCS under steady and dynamic flights were simulated under the UHF, X, and S radar bands. This paper researches the detection probability of aircraft by radars under the condition of electronic warfare, and completes the mathematical statistical analysis of the simulation results. The results show that: The Model A of carrier electronic warfare airplane is better than Model B on stealth performance and on discover probability by radar detection effectively.     

A Criterion Based on Closed-loop Pilot-aircraft Systems for Predicting Flying Qualities

During the process of aircraft design, the mathematical model of pilot control behavior characteristics is always used to predict aircraft flying qualities (FQ). This is one of the important methods to avoid pilot-aircraft adverse coupling. In order to study the FQ criterion based on closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems, first, an experimental database is built, which includes 40 aircraft dynamics configurations and the corresponding flight simulation results. Second, the mathematical pilot models with a set of different aircraft configurations are obtained by this experimental database. Then, two FQ criteria, Neal-Smith criterion and Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI) criterion, are analyzed. And the relationship between the FQ level evaluated by actual pilot and the parameters of closed-loop pilot-aircraft systems is studied. Finally, an improved criterion of aircraft FQ is built based on the above two criteria. This new criterion is further used to predict FQ for four new aircraft dynamics configurations, and the prediction results verify its accuracy and practicability.     

民用飞机液压系统建模与负载流量需求计算的研究

飞机液压系统的一个重要设计指标是能够满足全飞行剖面场景下的负载流量需求。介绍了一种用于飞机液压系统负载流量需求分析的数字仿真分析方法,通过开发数学模型构建了液压能源子系统和液压用户的负载子系统模型,进而仿真分析典型飞行剖面下液压系统的负载流量需求,模拟了飞机液压系统的动态工作过程,能够反映飞机液压系统与液压用户负载之间的耦合动态特性。仿真结果表明,这套模型满足液压系统分析需求,可用于液压系统的设计支持工作。     

A novel integrated self-powered brake system for more electric aircraft

Traditional hydraulic brake systems require a complex system of pipelines between an aircraft engine driven pump (EDP) and brake actuators, which increases the weight of the aircraft and may even cause serious vibration and leakage problems. In order to improve the reliability and safety of more electric aircraft (MEA), this paper proposes a new integrated self-powered brake system (ISBS) for MEA. It uses a hydraulic pump geared to the main wheel to recover a small part of the kinetic energy of a landing aircraft. The recovered energy then serves as the hydraulic power supply for brake actuators. It does not require additional hydraulic source, thus removing the pipelines between an EDP and brake actuators. In addition, its self-powered characteristic makes it possible to brake as usual even in an emergency situation when the airborne power is lost. This paper introduces the working principle of the ISBS and presents a prototype. The mathematical models of a taxiing aircraft and the ISBS are established. A feedback linearization control algorithm is designed to fulfill the anti-skid control. Simulations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the ISBS, and experiments are conducted on a ground inertia brake test bench. The ISBS presents a good performance and provides a new potential solution in the field of brake systems for MEA.     

倾转旋翼航空器建模方法研究

结合倾转旋翼航空器的整体气动结构设计,建立了该型航空器的数学模型。在考虑旋翼滑流的情况下,给出各气动面的气动力和力矩方程,并采用叶素法,建立了旋翼的气动力方程。该数学模型可为倾转旋翼航空器的控制系统设计与仿真提供参考。     

飞行员数学模型与新机飞行品质预测

简述了建立飞行员数学模型的重要意义和方法，给出了飞行员的常用数学模型形式及有关参数参考数据，并着重讨论了飞行员数学模型在新机飞行操纵品质评估预测中的应用 。