基于决策树的多防御方目标攻防决策

针对多方对抗博弈问题的复杂性和多样性,提出了利用决策树思想对多防御方的目标攻防问题的策略进行决策树分类,再利用决策树分类模型对多防御方的目标攻防问题的攻防策略进行快速决策。首先,对多防御方目标攻防问题利用决策树ID3算法以攻防双方的策略作为类别属性进行分类,得到多防御方目标攻防问题的决策树模型;然后,对多方对抗中的攻击方,基于距离的威胁权重函数得到攻击方的轨迹;最后,得到防御方的协同合作策略,并进行了仿真验证。     

Article

This is a slightly edited version of the Executive Summary of a joint report on cooperation in space science produced by the Space Studies Board of the USA National Research Council and the European Space Science Committee of the European Science Foundation. Using analysis of 13 case-study missions it reviews 30 years of joint missions and makes 14 recommendations based on its findings. These include the importance of setting a scientific rationale for each mission and of ensuring that objectives are shared by engineers and others involved in it, the need for independent periodic assessments and that all agreements should specify the scope, expectations and obligations of the respective agencies and relevant partners.The USA and Europe have been cooperating in space science for more than three decades. This history of cooperation has survived significant geopolitical, economic and technological changes, such as the end of the Cold War, the pressure of budget reductions and the increasing focus on economic competition and the global marketplace. Both Europe and the USA have learned from one another and acquired a knowledge base as well as an infrastructure to implement joint missions and research activities. More importantly, the decades of cooperative space research efforts between the USA and Europe have built a community of scientists whose joint scientific exchanges have established a heritage of cooperation on both sides of the Atlantic.The scientific fruits of this heritage are plainly evident in achievements such as a signature for supermassive black holes provided by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); the first views of the solar atmosphere and corona illuminated by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO); the sharing of expensive research facilities on the International Microgravity Laboratory (IML); and the impressive data on ocean altimetry from the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX-POSEIDON) mission, which is significantly improving our understanding of global ocean circulation.There were no guideposts for the emergence of space science cooperation between Europe and the USA. In the process of introducing new procedures and improvements to facilitate cooperation, missteps occurred, and there were political, economic and scientific losses. This report takes stock of US–European history in cooperative space endeavors, the lessons it has demonstrated and the opportunities it suggests to enhance and improve future US–European cooperative efforts in the sciences conducted in space.     

空间目标小型相控阵雷达探测技术

地基探测系统受站点布局限制,难以实现全轨道空间的目标探测与跟踪。为对高价值航天器邻域空间目标进行全时探测与跟踪,提出基于伴随微纳卫星的小型化相控阵雷达技术。通过分析不同波段雷达对大范围空间目标搜索与精细跟踪的性能,并综合考虑系统复杂度与功耗等因素,最终选择C波段作为雷达工作频段。详细阐述小型化相控阵雷达的系统设计、目标搜索与跟踪的信号处理方法、测距与测角误差分析等。仿真分析证明,该小型化相控阵雷达能对25 km范围内、40°×40°的三维空间进行目标搜索,实现0.4 m的测距精度与0.03°的测角精度,满足空间目标大范围搜索与跟踪应用的需求。     

航天器微振动力学参数测量单元设计与验证

针对某新型气象卫星的在轨微振动测量需求,分析微振动对于卫星及其精密载荷的影响,提出一种具有可切换量程和较高故障容错能力的卫星微振动测量单元设计方案.通过地面试验数据与在轨数据的对比,证明该系统能够准确辨识整星及高精度载荷在不同工况下的微振动力学数据.该系统功能的成功实现为进一步优化星体结构、改善高精度载荷工作环境提拱了...     

航天器空间环境及效应监测数据集成化管理与处理系统

空间环境与效应监测数据集成化管理与快速处理是保证航天器在轨安全的重要依据。文章基于航天器空间环境与效应监测数据管理与处理系统的功能要求,给出了系统的组成、架构和数据处理流程。该系统集成了航天器空间环境与效应监测数据的管理、处理、综合分析、参数标定和可视化显示功能,能够实现电子、质子、总剂量、原子氧、温度、表面电位、污染等环境与效应在轨数据的瞬时参数（通量、剂量率、温度变化率、表面电位变化率、污染沉积率）和累积参数（注量、电离总剂量、温度、表面电位、总污染量）的监显,为航天器的在轨健康实时监测、风险快速预报预警提供重要支撑。     

Characteristics of metabolism during prolonged water immersion

The effect on the organism of a 12-day stay in a water immersion medium (head on the water surface) was studied on 10 subjects. The condition of the metabolic processes in the subjects was judged from the investigation of the parameters of protein and carbohydrate metabolism, acid-base equilibrium, the activity of a number of enzymes and steroid hormones. The venous blood and diurnal urine served as the material for conducting the corresponding biochemical determinations. The stay in an immersion medium is accompanied by a significant increase in the content of residual nitrogen in the blood, by a reduction of the creatinine content in the blood and by an increase of the creatine content of the blood with the simultaneous increase of the excretion of creatinine and creatine with the urine, by a significant increase of the glucose and lactate content in the blood, by the development of acidosis of a respiratory and metabolic character, as well as by a significant increase of the activity of creatine phosphokinase and the isoenzyme fraction of lactate dehydrogenase3. In all the subjects, an expressed intensification of the glucocorticoid and androgenic functions of the adrenal cortex is noted during the experimental period.     

基于模拟的反导预警雷达目标交接搜索景幅设置研究

为解决远程预警相控阵雷达(EWR)和多功能地基相控阵雷达(GBR)进行目标交接时,GBR应在多大范围内,采取何种信号形式搜索捕获目标的现实问题,建立GBR目标交接搜索景幅优化模型,运用蒙特卡洛方法对该模型进行模拟求解,并从目标交接距离、目标飞行方向、目标指示精度等3个方面分析其对GBR搜索景幅的影响。首次将蒙特卡洛方法用于反导预警雷达目标交接,有效提高了反导作战任务规划效率和雷达搜索效能。计算结果表明:GBR搜索景幅大小与目标交接距离成正比,与指示精度和目标飞行方向有无先验信息成反比。     

Space weather forecast: Principles of the construction and boundaries of the implementation (experience of three cycles)

All significant short-term disturbances of the near-Earth space are caused exclusively by solar flare events and regions in the solar corona with the magnetic field open into the interplanetary space (coronal holes). Flare processes occur as a consequence of the interactions of new emerging magnetic fluxes within (flares) and outside (filament ejections) the active regions with already existing magnetic fields. The observation of emerging new magnetic fluxes and the estimate of their magnitude and the emerging rate allow one to forecast solar flares and filament ejections and estimate their degree of geoeffectiveness. The main agents that visualize the propagation of disturbance from solar flares and filaments in the solar corona and the interplanetary space are coronal mass ejections, the characteristics of which ideally allow one to estimate the possible disturbance of the geomagnetic field, the possible growth of high-energy charged particle fluxes in the near-Earth space. For successful forecast of geoeffective active phenomena on the Sun and their consequences in the near-Earth space, it is necessary to know the situation on the Sun for the last 3 days taking into account the development and characteristics of the current cycle and the epoch of solar activity.     

运载火箭发射场无人值守加注发射技术研究

针对我国火箭在发射场射前操作项目多、保障人员多的问题，分析了国内外火箭发射场无人值守加注发射的现状。结合火箭射前状态，从火箭系统、地面测发控系统和发射场系统等方面提出了无人值守加注发射总体方案，通过火箭状态远程监测及故障处理技术、连接器零秒脱落技术、箭地接口组合连接技术、连接器自动对接技术和火工品自动短路保护与解保技术等关键技术研究，可提高人员和产品的安全性，为后续我国火箭实现无人值守加注发射提供参考。     

基于在轨运行状态的卫星稳定性与可靠性研究

为解决卫星在轨运行故障率较高的问题,文章分析了卫星在轨运行的特点,定义了卫星在轨工作状态及其与系统稳定性变化的关系。研究表明:对在轨运行安全稳定状态进行控制,能使状态保持或向高级跃迁,可提升卫星稳态及可靠性。文章最后提出了提高卫星在轨运行稳定性与可靠性的在轨运行策略与技术方向。     

航天器运输过程中诱发的动力学环境分析

文章综合评述了航天器在公路、铁路、船舶以及航空运输过程中所诱发的动力学环境的原因和特点。对某型号在公路运输和航空运输过程中振动数据的统计分析结果表明:在公路运输过程中,路面不平和车辆的突然加速是诱发振动、冲击的主要来源;在航空运输过程中,飞机起飞、降落以及飞行中的气流扰动而引起的颤振是动力学环境的主要诱因。     

环柱式天线展开过程耦合动力学分析

针对环柱式天线展开过程中斜拉绳索释放运动与桁架展开运动之间耦合动力学分析困难的问题,采用非线性欧拉梁单元对斜拉绳索建模,基于几何精确梁理论对环形桁架建模,提出了环柱式天线多体系统模型,实现了结构展开过程中绳索释放与桁架展开耦合动力学的精准仿真,揭示了绳索柔性等因素对桁架伸展起阻碍作用的机理。仿真结果表明,在环柱式天线展开过程中,减小绳索模量,降低绳索直径,采用单绳索分布设计,有利于提高桁架的展开稳定性。另外,绳索柔性对桁架展开中间阶段影响最为显著。该分析结果为环柱式天线在轨展开动力学预示和优化设计提供了指导作用。     

低温气动阀的人机环境可靠性评估方法

为了在液体火箭发动机试验过程中全面定量识别低温气动阀故障产生根源,针对低温气动阀可靠性分析过程的动态时变问题,首先通过引入人机环境系统工程理论,结合低温气动阀工作原理,从人机环境方面分析低温气动阀可靠性影响因素,建立基于人机环境系统工程的低温气动阀时变可靠性模型;并在此基础上,通过从人机环境范围定量分析低温气动阀的可靠度与失效率,对低温气动阀可靠性薄弱环节进行评估.最后通过具体的应用实例验证了该方法的有效性与准确性,为定量分析和改进低温气动阀可靠性提供了一种方法指导,为提高液体火箭发动机性能准确客观评价以及研制提供了支撑.     

贯彻“三个代表”促进高校德育工作

“三个代表”是我党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,以“三个代表”重要思想为指导改进高校德育工作,是高校面临的重要任务。我们必须在认清高校德育工作现状的基础上,充分认识“三个代表”思想的重要地位,促进高校德育工作的开展。     

薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层的辐射物性分析

认识热控涂层的热辐射物性对航天器热控制设计具有重要指导作用。文章根据薄膜二次表面镜涂层的吸收与反射过程分析,建立模型方程,结合已有的太阳吸收比、红外发射率等表观数据,采用非线性参数最小二乘法获得了薄膜材料的吸收系数和反射率等辐射物性,并分析了厚度对热控涂层太阳吸收比和红外发射率的影响。研究结果表明,聚酰亚胺薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.571,吸收系数为19.343 mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.227,吸收系数为39.615mm-1;F46薄膜对太阳光的表面反射率为0.744,吸收系数为0.757mm-1,对红外辐射的表面反射率为0.111,吸收系数为9.240mm-1。     

用自动寻优压根系数求运载火箭传递函数的计算法

根据大型运载火箭的结构弹性,液体晃动和刚体运动的特性,由平台、速率陀螺和横(法)向加速度表等并联支路的传递函数零、极点,自动确定姿态系统开环或闭环传递函数多项式的最大系数项及其值,再由最大系数值和所用计算机的字长介出最佳压根系数K~*。最后用K~*进行压根,一次成功地求出姿态系统开环或闭环传递函数及其零、极点。     

遥测装备智能运维系统的研究与工程化实现

随着航天发射和在轨航天器管理任务的不断增加，为支撑各类测控需求，遥测站数量越来越多，测控系统越来越复杂。为了从整体降低对遥测任务及遥测装备的运维管理成本，提升运维信息的应用能力，为各类角色用户提供有效全面的信息支撑，需要建立体系化的遥测装备智能运维系统。构建多级智能化运维体系，通过现代化信息感知和传输技术实现装备信息的多维度快速获取、感知和汇聚，全局性掌控战斗资源，建设运维中心及信息处理平台完成数据的智能融合处理，通过对各装备、各时段数据的比较，关联挖掘信息，深层次利用运维数据，实现资源全景展示、装备状态监视与智能维护、运行效能评估、态势分析与预测等能力，为遥测资源和战斗力部署调度提供直接全面的决策支撑。     

某遥感卫星平台的微振动试验研究

为了研究动量轮/控制力矩陀螺造成的微小振动在卫星结构内的传递规律,文章利用某遥感卫星平台在国内首次开展了气浮和悬吊两种状态下的卫星微振动对比研究试验。分别在两种边界下进行了背景噪声测试及模态试验,分析了两种边界条件对试验结果的影响;测量了动量轮/控制力矩陀螺工作造成的微振动响应。通过对试验结果的分析,总结了典型微振动源的主要扰动成分及其传播规律。研究表明:两种边界引入的噪声对试验结果的影响均较小,微振动响应在传播过程中会大幅衰减;动量轮及控制力矩陀螺工作时引起的扰动响应从总体上看受边界的影响不大。     

凝视成像型光谱仪特点及其小行星探测应用前景（英文）

Compared with traditional ground asteroid observations, deep space exploration is an important way to explore and comprehensively understand the characteristics of asteroids. Imaging spectrometer integrates morphological measurement and spectral measurement, and has the ability to acquire image and spectral data simultaneously. By combining morphometry and spectrometry, it is possible to achieve efficient identification and quantitative analysis of the chemical components of the exploration target, and has the strong advantage in the field of asteroid exploration. This paper analyzes the principle of the staring imaging spectrometer and the technological progress in various countries. Based on the requirements of light, small payloads and the space characteristics of spectroscopic devices, the application of staring imaging spectrometer is discussed. Then, this paper introduces the conceptual design of an acousto-optic staring imaging spectrometer, combined with the technical characteristics of its area array stare frame imaging and fast electronic control spectrum selection. An experimental verification is carried out, which provides a reference for the feasibility of this type of instrument in asteroid exploration.     

存在时延及丢包的网络化飞行器鲁棒故障检测

考虑同时存在未知时延及随机丢包的飞行器网络环境,研究了飞行器网络控制系统的鲁棒故障检测问题。将未知时延及随机丢包的影响转变为未知扰动输入,建立飞行器网络控制系统的统一数学模型,同时考虑残差对故障的灵敏性和对未知扰动的鲁棒性,利用模型参考的思想,将故障检测问题分解为最优残差模型设计及鲁棒跟踪问题两部分,利用多目标优化方法给出最优残差模型的求解条件,并以线性矩阵不等式的方式给出鲁棒跟踪问题的存在条件,数值仿真表明,所提方法能有效抑制时延及丢包的影响,并能快速有效地检测出更小故障,验证了方法的有效性和优越性。